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89 results for “metabolic scaling”
Large‐scale genome sampling reveals unique immunity and metabolic adaptations in bats
<p>Comprising more than 1,400 species, bats possess adaptations unique among mammals including powered flight, unexpected longevity given small body size, and extraordinary immunity. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these unique adaptations includes DNA repair, metabolism and immunity. However, analyses have been limited to a few divergent lineages, reducing the scope of inferences on gene family evolution across the Order Chiroptera. We conducted an exhaustive comparative genomic study of 37 bat species encompassing a large number of lineages, with a particular emphasis on multi-gene family evolution across immune system and metabolic genes. Genomes were obtained from public repositories and one genome (<i>Phyllostomus hastatus</i>) was assembled de novo. In agreement with previous analyses, we found lineage-specific expansions of the APOBEC3 and MHC-I gene families, and loss of the proinflammatory PYHIN gene family. We inferred more than 1,000 gene losses unique to bats, including genes involved in the regulation of inflammasome pathways such as epithelial defense receptors, the natural killer gene complex and the interferon-gamma induced pathway. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed genes lost in bats are involved in defense response against pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. Gene family evolution and selection analyses indicate bats have evolved fundamental functional differences compared to other mammals in both innate and adaptive immune system, with the potential to enhance anti-viral immune response while dampening inflammatory signaling. In addition, metabolic genes have experienced repeated expansions related to convergent shifts to plant-based diets. Our analyses support the hypothesis that, in tandem with flight, ancestral bats had evolved a unique set of immune adaptations whose functional implications remain to be explored.</p>
Preclinical to Clinical Translation for Intervertebral Disc Repair: Effects of Species-Specific Scale, Metabolism and Matrix Synthesis Rates on Cell-Based Regeneration
<p>Supporting datasets for journal article funded by the ERC</p>
Temperature and predator cues interactively affect ontogenetic metabolic scaling of aquatic amphipods
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Data from: Allometric scaling of metabolism, growth, and activity in whole colonies of the seed harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex californicus
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Plasticity and evolution shape the scaling of metabolism and excretion along a geothermal temperature gradient
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Large‐scale genome sampling reveals unique immunity and metabolic adaptations in bats
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Data from: Integrating morphology and kinematics in the scaling of hummingbird hovering metabolic rate and efficiency
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Data from: Genetic and environmental effects on the scaling of metabolic rate with body size
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Data from: Intraspecific scaling of the resting and maximum metabolic rates of the crucian carp (Carassius auratus)
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Large-scale metabolic interaction network of the mouse and human gut microbiota
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Data from: Body-size scaling of metabolic rate in the trilobite Eldredgeops rana
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Data from: Ecological effects on metabolic scaling amphipod responses to fish predators in freshwater springs
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Metabolic theory of ecology successfully predicts distinct scaling of ectoparasite load on hosts
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Figure 1 from: Antoł A, Kozłowski J (2020) Scaling of organ masses in mammals and birds: phylogenetic signal and implications for metabolic rate scaling. ZooKeys 982: 149-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.982.55639
Figure 1 PGLS (solid lines) and OLS (dashed lines) interspecific scaling of tissue/organ masses in mammals with log fat-free-body mass as the independent variable. For the scaling with log body mass as an independent variable, see Suppl. material 1: Figure S3
Figure 2 from: Antoł A, Kozłowski J (2020) Scaling of organ masses in mammals and birds: phylogenetic signal and implications for metabolic rate scaling. ZooKeys 982: 149-159. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.982.55639
Figure 2 PGLS (solid lines) and OLS (dashed lines) interspecific scaling of tissue/organ masses in birds with log fat-free-body mass as the independent variable. For the scaling with log body mass as an independent variable, see Suppl. material 1: Figure S5.
Data from: Evolution of size-dependent intraspecific competition predicts body size scaling of metabolic rate
1. Growth in body size is accompanied by changes in foraging capacity and metabolic costs, which lead to changes in competitive ability during ontogeny. The resulting size-dependent competitive asymmetry influences population dynamics and community structure, but it is not clear whether natural selection leads to asymmetry in intraspecific competition. 2. We address this question by using a size-structured consumer-resource model, in which the strength and direction of competitive asymmetry between different consumer individuals depends on the scaling of maximum ingestion and maintenance metabolism with consumer body size. We use adaptive dynamics to study selection on the scaling exponents of these processes. 3. Selection leads to an identical scaling of maximum ingestion and maintenance metabolism with consumer body size. Equal scaling exponents neutralise strong competitive differences within the consumer population, because all consumer individuals require the same amount of resources to cover maintenance requirements. Furthermore, the scaling exponents respond adaptively to changes in mortality such that biomass production through growth or reproduction increases in the life stage that is subject to increased mortality. Also, decreasing size at birth leads to increased investment in juvenile growth, while increasing maximum size leads to increased investment in post-maturation growth and reproduction. 4. These results provide an explanation for observed variation in the ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate with body size. Data of teleost fish are presented that support these predictions. However, selection towards equal scaling exponents is contradicted by empirical findings, which suggests that additional ecological complexity beyond this basic consumer-resource interaction is required to understand the evolution of size-dependent asymmetry in intraspecific competition.
Scaling of locomotor muscle oxidative and glycolytic metabolic enzymes during the ontogeny of regional endothermy in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis)
<p><span>In this study, the scaling of the oxidative metabolic enzymes citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (COX) and the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) in the red ('slow-twitch', oxidative) and the white ('fast-twitch', glycolytic) locomotor muscle of young (~2 to ~16 months of age) Pacific bluefin tuna (<i>Thunnus orientalis</i>) during the ontogeny of red muscle endothermy was investigated. On a mass-specific basis (units g<sup>-1</sup> muscle tissue), CS activity scaled negatively with body mass with scaling coefficients of -0.12 for red muscle and -0.21 for white muscle, whereas COX activity did not scale in either muscle type and PK activity scaled positively in white muscle, with a scaling coefficient of 0.09, but did not scale in red muscle. Thus mass-specific metabolic heat production potential either decreased or remained constant in the red muscle during the ontogeny of red muscle endothermy. In contrast, total red muscle mass, total red muscle CS activity and total red muscle COX activity all scaled positively with body mass with scaling coefficients of 0.90, 0.78 and 0.92, respectively, and each of these correlated positively with the magnitude of the red muscle thermal excess. Thus, increasing total, but not mass-specific, metabolic heat production capacity contributed to the increasing red muscle thermal excess with increasing body size in juvenile <i>T. orientalis</i>. Additionally, for CS and COX, transcript abundance was a poor predictor of enzyme activity. Thus, transcriptional regulation played a limited role in determining the differences between the two muscle types and the scaling relationships for these enzymes.</span></p>
Data from: Strong evidence for an intraspecific metabolic scaling coefficient near 0.89 in fish
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Data from: A metabolic and body-size scaling framework for parasite within-host abundance, biomass, and energy flux
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Data from: Rensch's rule in large herbivorous mammals derived from metabolic scaling
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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