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74 results for “microbial biomass”
Long-term warming of a forest soil reduces microbial biomass and its carbon and nitrogen use efficiencies
<p>Global warming impacts biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, but it is still unclear how the simultaneous cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils could be affected in the longer-term. Here, we evaluated how 14 years of soil warming (+4°C) affected the soil C and N cycle across different soil depths and seasons in a temperate mountain forest. We used H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O incorporation into DNA and <sup>15</sup>N isotope pool dilution techniques to determine gross rates of C and N transformation processes. Our data showed different warming effects on soil C and N cycling, and these were consistent across soil depths and seasons. Warming decreased microbial biomass C (−22%), but at the same time increased microbial biomass-specific growth (+25%) and respiration (+39%), the potential activity of β-glucosidase (+31%), and microbial turnover (+14%). Warming reduced gross rates of protein depolymerization (−19%), but stimulated gross N mineralization (+63%) and the potential activities of N-acetylglucosaminidase (+106%) and leucine-aminopeptidase (+46%), and had no impact on gross nitrification (+1%). Microbial C and N use efficiencies were both lower in the warming treatment (−15% and −17%, respectively). Overall, our results suggest that long-term warming drives soil microbes to incorporate less C and N into their biomass (and necromass), and to release more inorganic C and N to the environment, causing lower soil C and N storage in this forest, as indicated by lower soil C and total N contents. The decreases in microbial CUE and NUE were likely triggered by increasing microbial P constraints in warmed soils, limiting anabolic processes and microbial growth and promoting pervasive losses of C and N from the soil.</p>
Long-term warming of a forest soil reduces microbial biomass and its carbon and nitrogen use efficiencies
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Data from: Plant invasion increases soil microbial biomass carbon: Meta-analysis and empirical tests
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Trophic regulation of soil microbial biomass under nitrogen enrichment: A global meta-analysis
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Data from: Biogeographic patterns of soil microbial biomass in alpine ecosystems depend on local rather than regional drivers
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Data from: Functional diversity enhances, but exploitative traits reduce tree mixture effects on microbial biomass
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Data from: Grazing enhances belowground carbon allocation, microbial biomass, and soil carbon in a subtropical grassland
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Abiotic and biotic drivers of tree trait effects on soil microbial biomass and soil carbon concentration
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Soil property, microbial abundance, and plant and invertebrate biomass data across a natural soil temperature gradient in Iceland from August 2018
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Tree diversity effects on soil microbial biomass and respiration are context-dependent across forest diversity experiments
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Impact of multiple soil microbial inoculants on biomass and biomass allocation of the legume crop field pea (Fabaceae: Pisum sativum L.)
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Substrate mass, nitrogen, extracellular enzyme, and microbial biomass and stoichiometry dynamics: Nitrogen limitation in decomposition
Modern agriculture and fossil fuel combustion contribute to the transfer of N from largely inert pools (atmospheric N2, fossil fuel reserves) to biologically reactive forms that can be transported downwind from agricultural or industrial areas to ecosystems that historically may have experienced low levels of N inputs. Understanding how increased N inputs alter the cycling of another biologically important element, C, has been impeded by uncertainties about N effects on the process of decomposition. To date, ecologists remain unable to predict when, where, and in what forms N addition stimulates rates of decomposition. For example, recent work showed that in eight low-N sites in Central Minnesota, litter N was positively correlated with decomposition, suggesting N limitation of decomposition, yet addition of inorganic N fertilizer increased decomposition in only two of eight sites. These paradoxical results call into question the assumption that the often-observed correlation between substrate N concentration and decomposition arises because N limits decomposition. Research is addressing three interrelated questions:* (1) Why do litter N and externally supplied N have contrasting effects on decomposition in low-N ecosystems? (2) Do different forms of N (organic vs. inorganic; substrate vs. externally supplied) affect the activity, function and composition of the decomposer community differently, and, if so, what are the consequences for decomposition? (3) What are temporal dynamics of the activity, function, and composition of the decomposer community and do these dynamics depend upon the amount and forms of N supplied to the decomposer community?* These questions will be addressed using a 4-y decomposition experiment manipulating the quantity and form of N available to decomposers via use of substrates ranging in N concentrations and of inorganic (ammonium nitrate) and organic (amino acids) N fertilizers. The response of microbial biomass, stoichiometry, efficiency
McMurdo Dry Valleys Microbial mat biomass, isotopes, and nutrient ratios sampled over a longitudinal gradient of two McMurdo Dry Valley streams
We performed a field survey to assess changes in biomass, nutrient ratios, and isotopic signatures of three different microbial mat types in two glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Samples were taken in January 2013 from pre-existing transects over Von Guerard Stream and the Relict Channel, and stretched from near the Von Guerard Glacier terminus to the stream outlets at Lake Fryxell. In addition to the three microbial mat types, which included Nostoc (black), Chlorophyte (green), and Oscillatorean (orange) mats, particulate organic matter (POM) was collected from Von Guerard Stream in January 2008 over a full diel cycle in order to determine the origin of material in transport by comparing its elemental and isotopic characteristics with stream mats.
Temporal and spatial distribution of microbial biomass, growth and activity in intertidal marshes, open water, and South Paramore Island in the Virginia Coast Reserve 1988-1990
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Data from: Soil microbial biomass increases along elevational gradients in the tropics and sub-tropics but not elsewhere
Abstract Aim: Our aim is to use elevational gradients to quantify the relationship between temperature and ecosystem functioning. Ecosystem functions such as decomposition, nutrient cycling and carbon storage are linked with the amount of microbial biomass in the soil. Previous studies have shown variable relationships between elevation and soil microbial biomass (SMB). Understanding the biological mechanisms linking SMB with elevational gradients will shed light on the environmental impacts of global warming. Location: Global. Time period: 2002-2018. Major taxa studied: Soil microbes. Method: We performed a global meta-analysis of the relationships between SMB and elevation. Data were collected from 59 studies of 73 elevational transects from around the world. Results: We found no consistent global relationship between SMB and elevation. SMB increased significantly with elevation in the tropics and sub-tropics, but not in other climate zones. However, we found consistent positive relationships between SMB, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that global warming will impact tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems more severely than colder regions. Tropical ecosystems, already at risk from species extinctions, will likely experience declines in SMB as the climate warms, resulting in losses of fundamental ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and carbon storage.
Data from: Plant diversity improves resistance of plant biomass and soil microbial communities to drought
<p>1. Biodiversity is known to affect ecosystem resistance and have implications for the maintenance of ecosystem functions and services under climate change. Compared to numbers of studies focusing on aboveground vegetation, the response of belowground communities to abiotic stresses along plant diversity gradients is often ignored and is considered an important knowledge gap in ecosystem ecology. Here we conducted an integrative research to evaluate the resistance of plant biomass, and soil microbial communities and associated functional profiles to drought under varying plant diversity.</p> <p>2. We carried out a three-year manipulation experiment by factorially controlling plant diversity gradient (1, 2, 4, and 8 species richness) and soil moisture treatment (drought and non-drought), and investigated the responses of plant biomass, soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community composition, soil glomalin, and five key soil enzymes.</p> <p>3. We found that plant diversity significantly improved the resistance of soil fungal communities and microbial functional profiles characterized by soil glomalin and five key enzymes, which was partly driven by the availability and accessibility of soil resources (e.g., soil moisture and organic matter) mediated by plant diversity. Further, our results indicated that the enhanced resistance of fungal communities was consistent with ecological insurance theory that diverse fungal communities at high plant diversity had a higher probability of containing taxa that adapt to drought.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis</em>. Our study provides novel empirical insights into the mechanism underlying the regulatory effect of plant diversity on resistance of aboveground vegetation and belowground biota to drought, with implications for understanding ecosystem response to climate change and improving biodiversity conservation practices.</p>
Data: Spatially consistent microbial biomass and future cellular carbon release from melting Northern Hemisphere glacier surfaces
<p>Hydrology, flow cytometry and upscaling data for the manuscript "Spatially consistent microbial biomass and future cellular carbon release from melting Northern Hemisphere glacier surfaces". Each .zip file includes an individual 'readme' document.</p>
Soil microbial biomass C, N in biocrust: A meta-analysis
<p><span>The biological soil crust (biocrust) has many crucial ecological functions in dryland ecosystems. </span><span>Differentiation</span><span> of soil microbial biomass in different ecosystems' biocrust under various climatic and soil conditions remains unknown, restricting our knowledge of biocrust microbiomes regulating terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycling globally. We selected 255 paired observations from 45 global study sites for meta-analysis to quantify the effect of biocrust type, soil texture, and ecosystem type on soil microbial biomass in biocrust and identify the underlying impact factors. The results showed that</span> <span>biocrust had significantly higher soil microbial carbon and nitrogen contents (SMBC and SMBN, respectively) than bare (non-crust) soil (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Biocrust also significantly increased total nitrogen (TN) (143.68%), soil organic carbon (SOC) and TN ratio (C: N) (9.93%), and soil water content (SWC) (60.18%), and decreased pH (0.72%) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Overall, the SMBC significantly differed between biocrust type, ecosystem type, and soil texture (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Compared with other biocrust types, lichen crust had the strongest positive effect on SMBC (822.48%). Grassland ecosystems had stronger positive effects on SMBC in biocrust than forest ecosystems, and sand and sandy loam soils had higher SMBC in biocrust than loam soils. Notably, altitude drives the positive effects of biocrust on SMBN and the negative effects of biocrust on SMBC and SMBC and SMBN ratio (SMBC: SMBN). Mean annual temperature (MAT) positively affected SMBC based on regression analysis. Further analysis revealed that SMBC and SMBN positively correlated with SOC, C: N, SWC, and urease activity and negatively correlated with pH. The random forest analysis confirmed that SOC, C: N, and altitude could be considered determinants of SMBC, SMBN, and SMBC: SMBN, respectively. Climatic factors and soil nutrients differently affected soil microbial biomass C, N and their ratio in biocrust. The high contribution of lichen crust to SMBC should be incorporated into regional and global models to predict the effects of climate change on soil carbon budgets in ecosystems worldwide.</span></p>
Soil microbial biomass C, N in biocrust: A meta-analysis
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Data from: Soil microbial biomass increases along elevational gradients in the tropics and sub-tropics but not elsewhere
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.