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Fig. 5 in Can north american fish passage tools work for South american migratory fishes?

Fig. 5. Patterns in velocity magnitude (m/s) and total hydraulic strain (s-1) for the Lower Granite Dam SBC in 2000 [A] and RSW in 2003 [B]. Dam operations described in Goodwin et al. (2006). Each of the two configurations is described with 4 paired velocity magnitude and total hydraulic strain plots. For each grouping, top plots depict a cross-section through the bypass structure (middle entrance of SBC in 2000 and RSW in 2003), 3-D plots in each grouping are cross-sections parallel to dam face at 50 m intervals, and the two bottom plots are horizontal plan views (z = 37 and 42.25 m) showing the change in hydrodynamic pattern at different locations and depths.

Fig. 1 in Can north american fish passage tools work for South american migratory fishes?

Fig. 1. Comparison of observed and NFS predicted (based on 5,000 virtual fish) emigrant passage proportions for 23 configurations for behavior rules turned on (A) and behavior rules turned off (B) (virtual emigrants act as passive particles). Passage (exit) routes are bypass, spillway and turbines. Routes with either 0% or 100% of river flow in CFD model are not plotted or factored into trend lines. Sources of observed data are described in Goodwin et al. (2006).

Fig. 4 in Can north american fish passage tools work for South american migratory fishes?

Fig. 4. Comparison of 3-D tagged (left) and virtual (right) emigrant tracks for Lower Granite Dam 2003 RSW. Dam operation described in Goodwin et al. (2006). CFD model depiction of forebay hydrodynamic pattern in Fig. 5. Acoustic-tag emigrant track provided by U.S. Geological Survey (Cash et al., 2005).

Fig. 3 in Can north american fish passage tools work for South american migratory fishes?

Fig. 3. Project features at Lower Granite Dam on the Snake River, WA USA for 2000 and 2003 studies [A]. The Behavioral Guidance Structure (BGS) is intended to guide emigrants to the Surface Bypass Collector (SBC) and occlude them from the 3 turbine intakes nearest the shore. In 2003, a Removable Spillway Weir (RSW) was deployed in the spillbay nearest the powerhouse in lieu of the SBC; the BGS was also removed. Acoustic-tag emigrant track (green in [B]) provided by U.S. Geological Survey (Cash et al., 2002). CFD model depiction of forebay hydrodynamic pattern for [B], [C] and [D] in Fig. 5a.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Captive-bred populations of a partially migratory salmonid fish are unlikely to maintain migratory polymorphism in natural habitats

Supplementation of wild populations with captive-bred individuals is often ineffective for boosting long-term productivity of wild populations. On the other hand, it remains unknown whether supplementation can act to maintain life-history variation in natural habitats, which is also important for the long-term persistence of populations and species. Partial migration, in which both migratory and resident individuals are maintained in a population, is commonly found across animal taxa. However, human-induced habitat fragmentation continues to cause rapid decline in a migratory phenotype among many natural populations. By using field and hatchery experiments, we here demonstrated that while migrants and residents could be maintained in captive environments, few fish became migrants in natural streams in red-spotted masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae. Released captive-bred fish rarely reached the threshold body size necessary to become migrants in natural streams, presumably due to lower growth condition in natural than in captive environments. The decision to migrate is often considered a threshold trait in salmonids and other animal taxa. Our findings highlight the need for supplementation programs to acknowledge environmentally induced changes in life-history decisions for partially migratory species.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Do genomics and sex predict migration in a partially migratory salmonid fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss?

Partial migration is a common phenomenon wherein populations include migratory and resident individuals. Whether an individual migrates or not has important ecological and management implications, particularly within protected populations. Within partially migratory populations of O. mykiss, migration is highly correlated with a specific genomic region, but it is unclear how well this region predicts migration at the individual level. Here, we relate sex and life history genotype, determined using >400 SNPs on the migratory-linked genomic region, to life history expression of marked juvenile O. mykiss from two tributaries to the South Fork Eel River, northern California. Most resident fish were resident-genotypes (57% resident, 37% heterozygous, 6% migratory genotype) and male (78%). Most migratory fish were female (62%), but were a mixture of genotypes (30% resident, 45% heterozygous, 25% migratory genotype). Sex was more strongly correlated with life history expression than genotype, but the best-supported model included both. Resident genotypes regularly migrated, highlighting the importance of conserving the full suite of life history and genetic diversity in partially migratory populations.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Migratory lineages rapidly evolve larger body sizes than non-migratory relatives in ray-finned fishes

Migratory animals respond to environmental heterogeneity by predictably moving long distances in their lifetime. Migration has evolved repeatedly in animals, and many adaptations are found across the tree of life that increase migration efficiency. Life history theory predicts that migratory species should evolve a larger body size than non-migratory species and some empirical studies have shown this pattern. A recent study analyzed the evolution of body size between diadromous and non-diadromous shads, herrings, anchovies and allies, finding that species evolved larger body sizes when adapting to a diadromous lifestyle. It remains unknown whether different fish clades adapt to migration similarly. We used an adaptive landscape framework to explore body size evolution for over 4500 migratory and non-migratory species of ray-finned fishes. By fitting models of macroevolution, we show that migratory species are evolving towards a body size that is larger than non-migratory species. Furthermore, we find that migratory lineages evolve towards their optimal body size more rapidly than non-migratory lineages, indicating body size is a key adaption for migratory fishes. Our results show, for the first time, that the largest vertebrate radiation on the planet exhibited strong evolutionary determinism when adapting to a migratory lifestyle.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Genetic divergence and one-way gene flow influence contemporary evolution and ecology of a partially migratory fish

Recent work has revealed the importance of contemporary evolution for shaping ecological outcomes. In particular, rapid evolutionary divergence between populations has been shown to impact the ecology of populations, communities, and ecosystems. While studies have focused largely on the role of adaptive divergence in generating ecologically-important variation among populations, much less is known about the role of gene flow in shaping ecological outcomes. After divergence, populations may continue to interact through gene flow, which may influence evolutionary and ecological processes. Here we investigate the role of gene flow in shaping the contemporary evolution and ecology of recently diverged populations of anadromous steelhead / resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Results show that resident rainbow trout introduced above waterfalls have diverged evolutionarily from downstream anadromous steelhead, which were the source of introductions. However, the movement of fish from above to below the waterfalls has facilitated gene flow, which has reshaped genetic and phenotypic variation in the anadromous source population. In particular, gene flow has led to an increased frequency of residency, which in turn has altered population density, size-structure, and sex ratio. This result establishes gene flow as a contemporary evolutionary process that can have important ecological outcomes. From a management perspective, anadromous steelhead are generally regarded as a higher conservation priority than resident rainbow trout, even when found within the same watershed. Our results show that anadromous and resident O. mykiss populations may be connected via gene flow, with important ecological consequences. Such eco-evolutionary processes should be considered when managing recently diverged populations connected by gene flow.

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FIGURE 3 in Radiotagging a long-distance migratory characid fish: reproduction after surgery, tag losses, and effects in weight

FIGURE 3 | Fecundity (oocytes by gram of body weight) compared among treatments.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

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Fig. 2 in Swimming performance of the migratory Neotropical fish Leporinus reinhardti (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fig. 2. Number of tested fish per total length classes used to determine prolonged speed.