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351 results for “mimicker”
Figure 2 in Predation on an ant-mimicking jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) by an ant-eating web spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso sp.)
Figure 2. Green Tree Ant (Oecophylla smaragdina) workers collaborating in the dismemberment of prey. 1, Luzon Island, Philippines, 12 JUL 2020, © Reynante Martinez, used under a CC BY license. 2, © Ian Jacobs, used under a CC BY-NC license.
Figure 1 in Predation on an ant-mimicking jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) by an ant-eating web spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso sp.)
Figure 1. Male (1-2) and female (3-5) Myrmarachne plataleoides. The black area around each PLE resembles the compound eye of an Oecophylla smaragdina worker. Adult males are thought to resemble worker ants carrying prey. 1-2, Male, Unawatuna, Sri Lanka, 14 MAR 2020, © vlad50 (iNaturalist). 3, Female, Eheliyagoda, Sri Lanka, 7 FEB 2020, © Roman Prokhorov. 4-5, Female, Karnataka, 26 MAY 2020, © Harshith J. V. All photos used under a CC BY-NC license.
Figure 3 in Predation on an ant-mimicking jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) by an ant-eating web spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso sp.)
Figure 3 (continued from previous page). Chrysso sp. with captured prey. 8-9, Chrysso sp. with other captured ants. Photo credits: 8, Abhijith A.P.C.; 9, Jithesh Pai.
Figure 3 in Predation on an ant-mimicking jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) by an ant-eating web spider (Araneae: Theridiidae: Chrysso sp.)
Figure 3 (continued on next page). Chrysso sp. indet. with captured prey. 1, Chrysso sp. biting a wrapped adult male Myrmarachne plataleoides. 2-3, The same Chrysso sp. near the wrapped M. plataleoides. 4-5, Chrysso sp. with captured Oecophylla smaragdina worker. 6-7, Chrysso sp. with other captured ants. Photo credits: 1-5, Abhijith A.P.C.; 6, Mohith Shenoy; 7, Jithesh Pai. Photographs 6-7 used with permission.
Figures 39-44. 39-40 in Dangerous companions: Ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) that shelter beneath the web of an orb-weaver (Araneae: Araneidae: Herennia multipuncta)
Figures 39-44. 39-40, Male (39) and female (40) Argyrodes, kleptoparasites in the Herrenia web. 41, Emergent Herrenia brood, with small spiderlings moving on silk above the egg case attached to the bark. 42, Female Myrmarachne plataleoides watching an Argiope brood over a man-made surface at a different site. 43-44, Female M. plataleoides capturing and feeding on the Argiope spiderlings.
Figures 14-23. 14 in Dangerous companions: Ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) that shelter beneath the web of an orb-weaver (Araneae: Araneidae: Herennia multipuncta)
Figures 14-23. 14, Female Myrmarachne plataleoides in lower shelter (nest #2). 15, Male M. plataleoides guarding female in nest #2. 16-20, Male M. plataleoides trapped and struggling unsuccessfully to escape from the Herrenia web, after losing an agonistic contest with another male. 21, Herrenia feeding on the captured male M. plataleoides at the center of her web. 22- 23, Herrenia moving over the Tabebuia leaf to repair her web.
Figures 5-13. 5-7 in Dangerous companions: Ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) that shelter beneath the web of an orb-weaver (Araneae: Araneidae: Herennia multipuncta)
Figures 5-13. 5-7, Male Myrmarachne plataleoides near bottom of the Tabebuia leaf. 8-10, Female M. plataleoides occupying the upper shelter (nest #1), later feeding on what appears to be a small spider (9-10). 11, A second female M. plataleoides has moved into a shelter (nest #2) in a lower position on the Tabebuia leaf. 12, Male M. plataleoides attending female in nest #1. 13, Old nest and debris near the middle of the Tabebuia leaf.
Figures 36-38. Foraging Oecophylla smaragdina near the Herrenia web. 36 in Dangerous companions: Ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) that shelter beneath the web of an orb-weaver (Araneae: Araneidae: Herennia multipuncta)
Figures 36-38. Foraging Oecophylla smaragdina near the Herrenia web. 36, Beneath the Tabebuia leaf occupied by Myrmarachne plataleoides males and females. 37-38, Carrying captured prey on a nearby vine.
Figures 1-4. 1 in Dangerous companions: Ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) that shelter beneath the web of an orb-weaver (Araneae: Araneidae: Herennia multipuncta)
Figures 1-4. 1, Overview of local environment. To the left, an adult female Herrenia multipuncta rested at the center of her web, constructed over bark of a Mango Tree (Mangifera indica). Two nests occupied by female Myrmarachne plataleoides, often guarded by males, were constructed on the dry Tabebuia leaf, at center, beneath the Herrenia web. Green Tree Ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) frequented this site, with a major vertical route on a vine to the right, populated by rapidly moving ants. An old nest with detritis may have been previously occupied by an M. plataleoides, but this occupation was not observed. 2, Herrenia at the center of her web. 3, Herrenia feeding on a captured caterpillar. Note the two small Argyrodes at upper right. 4, Lateral view showing how the Tabebuia leaf was covered by the web of this Herrenia.
Figures 33-35 in Dangerous companions: Ant-mimicking jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae: Myrmarachne plataleoides) that shelter beneath the web of an orb-weaver (Araneae: Araneidae: Herennia multipuncta)
Figures 33-35. Female Myrmarachne plataleoides sheltering beneath fragment of the broken Tabebuia leaf.
An arachnid's guide to being an ant: Morphological and behavioural mimicry in ant-mimicking spiders
<p>Batesian mimicry imposes several challenges to mimics and evokes adaptations in multiple sensory modalities. Myrmecomorphy, morphological and behavioral resemblance to ants, is seen in over 2000 arthropod species. Ant-like resemblance is observed in at least 13 spider families despite spiders having a distinct body plan compared to ants. Quantifying the extent to which spiders' shape, size, and behavior resemble model ants will allow us to comprehend the evolutionary pressures that have facilitated myrmecomorphy. <em>Myrmaplata</em> <em>plataleoides</em> are thought to closely resemble weaver ants, <em>Oecophylla</em> <em>smaragdina</em>. In this study, we quantify the speed of movement of model, mimic, and non-mimetic jumping spiders. We use traditional and geometric morphometrics to quantify traits such as foreleg and hindleg size and body shape between the model ant, mimic, and non-mimics. Our results suggest that while the mimics closely resemble the model ants in speed of movement, they occupy an intermediate morphological space compared to the model ants and non-mimics. We suggest that ant-mimicking spiders are better at mimicking ants' locomotory movement than morphology and overall body shape. Our study provides a framework to understand the multimodal nature of mimicry and helps discern the relative contributions of such traits that drive mimetic accuracy in ant-mimicking spiders.</p>
Abb. 1 in Ameisenmimikry bei Larven von Macroxiphus siamensis (Ant-mimicking in larvae of Macroxiphus siamensis) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Abb. 1: Macroxiphus siamensis. a) Ll; b, c) L2; d) L4; e) Imago
Small brains: Body shape constrains tissue allocation to the central nervous system in ant-mimicking spiders
<p>In Batesian mimicry, mimetic traits are not always as convincing as predicted by theory – in fact, inaccurate mimicry with only a superficial model resemblance is common and taxonomically widespread. The ‘selection trade-offs hypothesis’ proposes a life-history trade-off between accurate mimetic traits and one or more vital biological functions. Here, using an accurate myrmecomorphic (ant-mimicking) jumping spider species, <em>Myrmarachne smaragdina</em>, we investigate how myrmecomorphic modifications to the body shape impact the internal anatomy in a way that could be functionally limiting. Specifically, via X-ray micro-computed tomography (microCT), we quantify how the spider’s constricted prosoma, which emulates the head and thorax of ants, impacts the size of the central nervous system (CNS) and the venom glands. We found that, relative to their whole-body mass, the CNS of the ant-mimicking jumping spider was smaller when compared with a relatively closely related non-mimic jumping spider, indicating that some trade-off between mimic accuracy and size of neural anatomy, as articulated by the ‘selection trade-offs hypothesis’, is a possibility. Our explorative evidence enables and encourages broader investigation of how variable mimic accuracy impacts the neuroanatomy in ant mimics as a direct test of the ‘selection trade-offs hypothesis’. </p>
Growing Malaria Parasites at a Critical Shaking Speed Mimicking Physiological Flow Reveals New Phenotypes for Invasion Ligands, Supporting Information
<p>This repository contains the dataset and analysis scripts associated with the upcoming publication titled <em>Growing malaria parasites at a critical shaking speed that mimics physiological flow conditions reveals new phenotypes for EBA and RH invasion ligands.</em> The repository includes a comprehensive collection of data and scripts used to generate all the plots, along with videos showing how the red blood cells behave in culture media for different shaking speeds in the different shaking vessels. The growth assay data used for this experiment was collected in four batches, labelled GA1 to 4:</p> <ul> <li><strong>GA1</strong>: compares the different knockout lines. </li> <li><strong>GA2</strong>: compares different hematocrits. </li> <li><strong>GA3</strong>: compares different growth vessels.</li> <li><strong>GA4</strong>: contains more repeats of lines from GA1.</li> </ul> <p>This repository offers all necessary resources to replicate the findings, including the complete codebase, raw data, and graphical representations of results. Researchers are encouraged to explore the included notebooks and datasets for detailed insights. Movies S1 to S4 show a top and side view of each type of plate/plask used on an orbital shaker as the shaking speed is increased.</p>
Nontuberculous mycobacteria persistence in a cell model mimicking alveolar macrophages (genome assembly and annotation dataset)
<p>This dataset includes the assembled contigs (.fasta and .gbk files), the nucleotide sequences of the prediction transcripts (CDS, rRNA, tRNA, tmRNA, misc_RNA) (.ffn files) and the respective amino acid sequences of the translated CDS sequences (.faa files) for the following Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains: <em>Mycobacterium smegmatis </em>mc<sup>2</sup>155 (reference strain), <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> ATCC25921 (reference strain), <em>M. avium </em>60/08 (clinical strain), <em>Mycobacterium fortuitum</em> ATCC6841 (reference strain) and <em>M. fortuitum</em> 747/08 (clinical strain).</p> <p>All raw sequence reads used in this study were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) (BioProject PRJEB30455).</p> <p>The associated article can be found here: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035520">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31035520</a></p> <p> </p>
Figure 12 in Notes on biology of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida) in south Asia
Figure 12. Sequential photographs showing predation by a female Myrmarachne plataleoides on a conspecific female in Mysuru, Karnataka. Initially these spiders were observed as they engaged in what appeared to be a territorial contest near a nest built at the base of a motorcycle mirror. Feeding was interrupted several times as the winning female left its prey to examine the area, most likely a response to the presence of the photographer.
Figure 10. Selected frames from a 29.97 in Notes on biology of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida) in south Asia
Figure 10. Selected frames from a 29.97 fps video clip showing the defence of a nesting site by a female Myrmarachne plataleoides at Indraprastha Organic Farm (25 MAR 2018). For each frame, the sequential frame number and elapsed time in seconds is shown. 1, Composite of three frames, showing the advance of the defending female, facing and raising legs I, equipped with sharp spines, toward the intruding Cheiracanthium. 2-3, Subsequent pursuit drove the intruder off of the top of the leaf.
Figure 7 in Notes on biology of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida) in south Asia
Figure 7. Two examples of cohabiting male and female Myrmarachne plataleoides at the Indraprastha Organic Farm. 1-4, Male nesting alongside a female nest containing at least one exuvium. Nearby green tree ants tended a colony of scale insects (4-5). A male that may have arrived previously at the site (arrows) appears to have been killed inside of its nest by a fungus (21 MAR 2020). 6-7, In this case both the female and the nearby male (7, lower right) have been killed by a fungus (25 MAR 2020).
Figure 4 in Notes on biology of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida) in south Asia
Figure 4 (continued from previous page). Selected frames from a video documenting the encounter of two male Myrmarachne plataleoides at the Indraprastha Organic Farm. 522-539, The alpha male (at right) advanced to grasp and shake the beta male, as it was carried backward and then released (539). 550-609, As the alpha male maintained his threat posture, the beta male (at top) turned away and fled from its pursuer.
Figure 5 in Notes on biology of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne plataleoides (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida) in south Asia
Figure 5. Grappling (stage 3) during an agonistic encounter between two male Myrmarachne plataleoides at Kaikondrahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka (21 DEC 2022). Attribution and ©: 1-5, Chandu Bandi.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.