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140 results for “mitochondrial diversity”
EGP Mitochondrial Genome Analysis on Simons Genome Diversity Project Whole-Genome Sequencing Data
<p><strong>Summary: </strong>This dataset consists of running EGP version 1.3 on whole-genome sequencing data from the SGDP. The link to EGP is here https://github.com/tycheleturner/ElGenomaPequeno.</p> <p><strong>Author: </strong>Tychele N. Turner, Ph.D.</p> <p><strong>Short Writeup: EGP version 1.3 on Simons Genome Diversity Project</strong>: Short-read WGS CRAM files were downloaded from the EMBL-EBI Public Data Globus Endpoint from the <code>/1000g/ftp/data_collections</code> directory. Post-download, the data was run through EGP version 1.3. The results are shown below:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>Public Dataset</th> <th>EGP Result File Type</th> <th>MD5</th> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>Simons Genome Diversity Project</td> <td>Mitochondrial Genome Fasta Files for MEGA</td> <td>86b09553f80926c1c29c57000ec1a88f</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Simons Genome Diversity Project</td> <td>Mitochondrial Genome MitoMaster Result File</td> <td>010026d77bee81e7b8daf5836bd12da3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Simons Genome Diversity Project</td> <td>Mitochondrial Genome Variant Tables</td> <td>f1ea3edf4a82b42f2028467fb3544dc4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Simons Genome Diversity Project</td> <td>Mitochondrial Genome Copy Number</td> <td>4872eeb792c214ad49662e98e4b14620</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Please note: I have found that with Zenodo you must use "Download All" for the copy number table to properly open.</p>
Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in three species of great whales before and after modern whaling
<p>The 20th-century commercial whaling industry severely reduced populations of great whales throughout the Southern Hemisphere. The effect of this exploitation on genetic diversity and population structure remains largely undescribed. Here, we compare pre- and post-whaling diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for three great whales in the South Atlantic, the blue, humpback and fin whale. Pre-whaling diversity is described from mtDNA extracted from bones collected near abandoned whaling stations, primarily from the South Atlantic island of South Georgia. These bones are known to represent the first stage of 20th-century whaling and thus pre-whaling diversity of these populations. Post-whaling diversity is described from previously published studies reporting large-scale sampling of living whales in the Southern Hemisphere. Despite relatively high levels of surviving genetic diversity in the post-whaling populations, we found evidence of a probable loss of mtDNA lineages in all three species. This is evidenced by the detection of a large number of haplotypes found in the pre-whaling samples that are not present in the post-whaling samples. A rarefaction analysis further supports a loss of haplotypes in the South Atlantic humpback and Antarctic blue whale populations. The bones from former whaling stations in the South Atlantic represent a remarkable molecular archive for further investigation of the decline and ongoing recovery in the great whales of the Southern Hemisphere. </p>
The Atlas of mitochondrial genetic diversity for Western Palearctic butterflies
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Diversity of mitochondrial DNA in three species of great whales before and after modern whaling
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Data from: Diversity of land snail tribe Helicini (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicidae): where do we stand after 20 years of sequencing mitochondrial markers?
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Comparative phylogeography reveals consistently shallow genetic diversity in a mitochondrial marker in Antarctic bdelloid rotifers
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FIGURE 1 in Uncovering a hidden diversity: a new species of freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium (Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from Neotropical region (Brazil) revealed by morphological review and mitochondrial genes analyses
FIGURE 1. Characterization and location of the São Francisco river basin in Brazil. The red border indicates the location of Grande Sertão Veredas National Park and the distribution range of Macrobrachium veredensis sp. nov. Modified from MMA 2006 and ANA 2016.
Data from: Late Quaternary environmental and human impacts on the mitochondrial DNA diversity of four commensal rodents in Myanmar
<p>We addressed the spatiotemporal characteristics of four commensal rodent species occurring in Myanmar in comparison with other areas of the Indo-Malayan region. We examined sequence variations of the mitochondrial cytochrome <i>b</i>gene (<i>Cytb</i>) in the Pacific rat (<i>Rattus exulans</i>), roof rat(<i>Rattus rattus</i>complex, RrC), lesser bandicoot rat (<i>Bandicota bengalensis</i>), and house mouse(<i>Mus musculus</i>) using the recently developed time-dependent evolutionary rates of mtDNA. The <i>Cytb</i>sequences of RrC from Myanmar were shown to belong to RrC Lineage II, and their level of genetic diversity was relatively high compared to those of the other three species. RrC was found to have experienced bottleneck and rapid expansion events at least twice in the late Pleistocene period in Myanmar and a nearby region. Accordingly, paleoclimatic environmental fluctuations were shown to be an important factor affecting rodents in the subtropics of the Indo-Malayan region. Our results show that human activities during the last 10,000 years of the Holocene period affected the population dynamics of the rodent species examined, including introducing them to Myanmar from neighboring countries. Further study of these four commensal rodents in other geographic areas of the Indo-Malayan region would allow us to better understand the factors that drove their evolution and their ecological trends.</p>
Data from: Mitochondrial gene diversity associated with the atp9 stop codon in natural populations of wild carrot (Daucus carota ssp. carota)
Mitochondrial genomes extracted from wild populations of Daucus carota have been used as a genetic resource by breeders of cultivated carrot, yet little is known concerning the extent of their diversity in nature. Of special interest is a SNP in the putative stop codon of the mitochondrial gene atp9 that has been associated previously with male-sterile and male-fertile phenotypic variants. In this study either sequence or PCR/RFLP genotypes were obtained from the mitochondrial genes atp1, atp9 and cox1 found in D. carota individuals collected from 24 populations in the eastern U.S. More than half of the 128 individuals surveyed had a CAA or AAA, rather than TAA, genotype at the position usually thought to function as an atp9 stop codon in this species. We also found no evidence for mitochondrial RNA editing (Cytosine to Uridine) of the CAA stop codon in either floral or leaf tissue. Evidence for intra-genic recombination, as opposed the more common inter-genic recombination in plant mitochondrial genomes, in our data set is presented. Indel and SNP variants elsewhere in atp9, and in the other two genes surveyed, were non-randomly associated with the three atp9 stop codon variants, though further analysis suggested that multi-locus genotypic diversity had been enhanced by recombination. Overall the mitochondrial genetic diversity was only modestly structured among populations with an Fst of 0.34.
Data from: Mitochondrial genomes of Australian chicken Eimeria support the presence of ten species with low genetic diversity among strains
Modern molecular approaches have vastly improved diagnostic capabilities for differentiating among species of chicken infecting Eimeria. Consolidating information from multiple genetic markers, adding additional poultry Eimeria species and increasing the size of available data-sets is improving the resolving power of the DNA, and consequently our understanding of the genus. This study adds information from 25 complete mitochondrial DNA genomes from Australian chicken Eimeria isolates representing all 10 species known to occur in Australia, including OTU-X, −Y and −Z. The resulting phylogeny provides a comprehensive view of species relatedness highlighting where the OTUs align with respect to others members of the genus. All three OTUs fall within the Eimeria clade that contains only chicken-infecting species with close affinities to E. maxima, E. brunetti and E. mitis. Mitochondrial genetic diversity was low among Australian isolates likely reflecting their recent introduction to the country post-European settlement. The lack of observed genetic diversity is a promising outcome as it suggests that the currently used live vaccines should continue to offer widespread protection against Eimeria outbreaks in all states and territories. Flocks were frequently found to host multiple strains of the same species, a factor that should be considered when studying disease epidemiology in the field.
Data from: Congruent signals of population history but radically different patterns of genetic diversity between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in a mountain lizard
Historical factors, current population size, population connectivity and selective processes at linked loci contribute to shaping contemporary patterns of neutral genetic diversity. It is now widely acknowledged that nuclear and mitochondrial markers react differently to current demography as well as to past history, so the use of both types of markers is often advocated to gain insight on both historical and contemporary processes. We used 12 microsatellite loci genotyped in 13 populations of a mountain lizard (Iberolacerta bonnali) to test if the historical scenario favoured by a previous mitochondrial study was also supported by nuclear markers and thereby evaluated the consequences of post-glacial range movements on nuclear diversity. Congruent signals of recent history were revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers using an Approximate Bayesian Computation approach but contemporary patterns of mtDNA and nuclear DNA diversity were radically different. Although dispersal in this species is probably highly restricted at all spatial scales, colonisation abilities have been historically good, suggesting capability for reestablishment of locally extinct populations except in fully disconnected habitats.
Data from: A new versatile primer set targeting a short fragment of the mitochondrial COI region for metabarcoding metazoan diversity: application for characterizing coral reef fish gut contents
Introduction: The PCR-based analysis of homologous genes has become one of the most powerful approaches for species detection and identification, particularly with the recent availability of Next Generation Sequencing platforms (NGS) making it possible to identify species composition from a broad range of environmental samples. Identifying species from these samples relies on the ability to match sequences with reference barcodes for taxonomic identification. Unfortunately, most studies of environmental samples have targeted ribosomal markers, despite the fact that the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I gene (COI) is by far the most widely available sequence region in public reference libraries. This is largely because the available versatile ("universal") COI primers target the 658 barcoding region, whose size is considered too large for many NGS applications. Moreover, traditional barcoding primers are known to be poorly conserved across some taxonomic groups. Results: We first design a new PCR primer within the highly variable mitochondrial COI region, the "mlCOIintF" primer. We then show that this newly designed forward primer combined with the "jgHCO2198" reverse primer to target a 313 bp fragment performs well across metazoan diversity, with higher success rates than versatile primer sets traditionally used for DNA barcoding (i.e. LCO1490/HCO2198). Finally, we demonstrate how the shorter COI fragment coupled with an efficient bioinformatics pipeline can be used to characterize species diversity from environmental samples by pyrosequencing. We examine the gut contents of three species of planktivorous and benthivorous coral reef fish (family: Apogonidae and Holocentridae). After the removal of dubious COI sequences, we obtained a total of 334 prey Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to 14 phyla from 16 fish guts. Of these, 52.5% matched a reference barcode (>98% sequence similarity) and an additional 32% could be assigned to a higher taxonomic level using Bayesian assignment. Conclusions: The molecular analysis of gut contents targeting the 313 COI fragment using the newly designed mlCOIintF primer in combination with the jgHCO2198 primer offers enormous promise for metazoan metabarcoding studies. We believe that this primer set will be a valuable asset for a range of applications from large-scale biodiversity assessments to food web studies.
Data from: Mitochondrial DNA (COI) analyses reveal that amphipod diversity is associated with environmental heterogeneity in deep-sea habitats
The relationship between species diversity and environmental parameters is poorly understood for the mobile macrofauna of deep-sea habitats due to under-sampling and subsequent lack of accurate taxonomic information. To redress this, cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) DNA sequences were used to estimate species diversity and to compare phoxocephalid amphipod assemblages among 20 stations encompassing a range of environmental conditions. Two regions, east (Chatham Rise) and west (Challenger Plateau) of New Zealand were sampled to depths of 200 – 1200 m with an epibenthic sled. Using a comparison among identified morphospecies, we found a clear gap in sequence divergences between 6 and 13% and used a 6% threshold to designate molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), as a surrogate to putative species. DNA sequences (n=297) revealed high total diversity (n=49 MOTUs), as well as high beta diversity (28 MOTUs found at single location only). Novel phoxocephalid MOTUs were found at most stations, especially on Challenger Plateau and the flanks of Chatham Rise. Analyses of inter-station assemblages revealed a major split between regions, indicating minimal overlap in taxon distributions. A cluster of highly similar stations was identified, broadly distributed over the crest of Chatham Rise, in association with elevated food availability, probably resulting from higher surface productivity and relatively shallow depth. Accordingly, multivariate analysis revealed a strong correlation between phoxocephalid assemblages and food supply. This study highlights the value of molecular approaches, in particular COI sequences, for quantifying and comparing diversity in under-sampled and/or under-studied taxa.
Fig. 1 in Patterns of Mitochondrial Diversity among Desert Firefly Populations (Lampyridae: Microphotus octarthrus Fall)
Fig. 1. Phylogeny of M. octarthrus populations based on mtCOI data. The tree shown is 1 of 15,500 equally parsimonious trees. CI ¼ 0.7024, RI ¼ 0.7536. Bootstrap values are given in bold above branches. Clades with bootstrap values lower than 50 are unresolved in strict consensus of the equally parsimonious trees. Mean percent branch lengths measured from the root to individuals of populations, clades A, B, C and outgroups are shown next to the dashed lines or at labeled nodes. Numbers following taxa indicate an individual. Letters following taxa indicate populations and key to abbreviations is found in Table 1.
Figure 4 in Genetic diversity of Undaria pinnatifida populations from China and their genetic relationship with those from Įapan and Korea as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
Figure 4: Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the alignment of ITS1 sequences. Support values are shown as in Figure 3. The ribotypes detected in the Chinese samples in the present study are indicated with bold italicized fonts. Alaria esculenta was used as an outgroup to root the tree. The branch length is proportional to the sequence divergence indicated by the scale bar (substitutions per site).
Figure 3 in Genetic diversity of Undaria pinnatifida populations from China and their genetic relationship with those from Įapan and Korea as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
Figure 3: Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the alignment of the combined cox3 and tatC–tLeu sequences. Bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities>50% are shown, and "-" indicates a value <50%. The branch length is proportional to the sequence divergence indicated by the scale bar (substitutions per site). Refer to Uwai et al. (2006a) for explanation of the haplotype names and classification of the clades I to IV. The haplotypes detected in the Chinese samples in the present study are indicated with bold italicized fonts. Lessoniopsis littoralis was used as an outgroup to root the tree.
Figure 2 in Genetic diversity of Undaria pinnatifida populations from China and their genetic relationship with those from Įapan and Korea as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
Figure 2: Geographic distribution of haplotypes in natural and farmed populations of Undaria pinnatifida from China (A) and statistical parsimony network (B) of ITS1 sequences. The color areas in the pie charts are proportional to the ribotype frequency in the map. Small circles indicate undetected ribotypes. Each line connecting ribotypes represents one base mutation. The ribotypes detected in the Chinese samples in the present study are indicated in the ribotype network by the same colors as those in the map.
Figure 1 in Genetic diversity of Undaria pinnatifida populations from China and their genetic relationship with those from Įapan and Korea as revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences
Figure 1: Geographic distribution of haplotypes in natural and farmed populations of Undaria pinnatifida from China (A) and statistical parsimony network (B) of the combined cox3 and tatC–tLeu sequences. The color areas in the pie charts are proportional to the haplotype frequency in the map. Refer to Uwai et al. (2006a) and Table 3 for explanation of the haplotype names and classification of the clades I to IV, which are enclosed by boxes with lines of different patterns. Small circles indicate undetected haplotypes. Each line connecting haplotypes represents one base mutation. The haplotypes detected in the Chinese samples in the present study are indicated in the haplotype network with the same colors as those in the map.
Genetic diversity of the Nubian ibex in Oman as revealed by mitochondrial DNA
<p>The Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana) is patchily distributed across parts of Africa and Arabia. In Oman, it is one of the few free-ranging wild mammals found in the central and southern regions. Its population is declining due to habitat degradation, human expansion, poaching, and fragmentation. Here we investigated the population's genetic diversity using mitochondrial DNA (D-loop 186bp and cytochrome b 487bp). We found that the Nubian ibex in the southern region of Oman was more diverse (D-loop HD; 0.838) compared to the central region (0.511) and gene flow between them was restricted. We compared the genetic profiles of wild Nubian ibex from Oman with captive ibex. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree showed that wild Nubian ibex form a distinct clade independent from captive animals. This divergence was supported by high mean distances (D-loop 0.126,cytochrome b 0.0528) and high FST statistics (D-loop 0.725,cytochrome b 0.968). These results indicate that captive ibex are highly unlikely to have originated from the wild population in Oman and the considerable divergence suggests that the wild population in Oman should be treated as a distinct taxonomic unit. Further nuclear genetic work will be required to fully elucidate the degree of global taxonomic divergence of Nubian ibex populations.</p>
FIGURE 6 in Integration of nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences and morphology reveals unexpected diversity in the forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) species complex in Central and West Africa (Serpentes: Elapidae)
FIGURE 6. Distribution of the five species of the N. melanoleuca complex. A full list of voucher specimens beyond those included in multivariate analyses and Appendix 2 is available on request from the first author.
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