Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
376
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
376 results for “morphological divergence”
Data from: Population divergence in heat and drought responses of a coastal plant: from metabolic phenotypes to plant morphology and growth
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Shifting balances in the weighting of sensory modalities are predicted by divergence in brain morphology in incipient species of Heliconius butterflies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Selection drives divergence of eye morphology in sympatric Heliconius butterflies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Change in sexual signalling traits outruns morphological divergence across an ecological gradient in the post‐glacial radiation of the songbird genus Junco
<p>The relative roles of natural and sexual selection in promoting evolutionary lineage divergence remains controversial and difficult to assess in natural systems. Local adaptation through natural selection is known to play a central role in promoting evolutionary divergence, yet secondary sexual traits can vary widely among species in recent radiations, suggesting that sexual selection may also be important in the early stages of speciation. Here we compare rates of divergence in ecologically relevant traits (morphology) and sexually selected signaling traits (coloration) relative to neutral structure in genome-wide molecular markers, and examine patterns of variation in sexual dichromatism to explore the roles of natural and sexual selection in the diversification of the songbird genus <i>Junco </i>(Aves: Passerellidae). Juncos include divergent lineages in Central America and several dark-eyed junco (<i>J. hyemalis</i>) lineages that diversified recently as the group recolonized North America following the last glacial maximum (c.a. 18,000 years ago). We found an accelerated rate of divergence in sexually selected characters relative to ecologically relevant traits. Moreover, sexual dichromatism measurements suggested a positive relationship between the degree of color divergence and the strength of sexual selection when controlling for neutral genetic distance. We also found a positive correlation between dichromatism and latitude, which coincides with the geographic axis of decreasing lineage age in juncos but also with a steep ecological gradient. Finally, we found significant associations between genome-wide variants linked to functional genes and proxies of both sexual and natural selection. These results suggest that the joint effects of sexual and ecological selection have played a prominent role in the junco radiation.</p>
Multiple traits and multifarious environments: integrated divergence of morphology and life history
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Understanding complex responses of multiple character suites (e.g., behaviour, life history, morphology) to multifarious environments is a challenging task. Here we use a multivariate approach (partial least squares structural equation modelling) to disentangle drivers (i.e., predation, resource availability, and population demographics) of phenotypic divergence among populations of Bahamas mosquitofish (<i>Gambusia hubbsi</i>) inhabiting blue holes. We further employ a two-block partial least squares analysis in a novel approach to uncovering integrated and independent aspects of divergence in correlated character suites. Results suggest that phenotypic divergence mainly resulted from differences in predation regimes, with population demography and resource availability also influencing particular aspects of divergence. We uncovered statistically significant covariation of life histories and morphologies, and revealed that phenotypic divergence between predation regimes involved both integrated and independent responses. For instance, female life histories diverged mostly independently of morphology, although some morphological shifts (abdominal distension) resulted from changes in fecundity. In contrast, males showed strong morphological divergence independent of life history, but much of their life-history shifts reflected joint morphological changes (lean weight and body shape). Our study illustrates the utility of gathering disparate data types from multiple populations/species to understand the causes and nature of phenotypic divergence in the wild.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Rapid divergent evolution of internal female genitalia and the coevolution of male genital morphology revealed by micro-computed tomography
<p>Animal genitalia are thought to evolve rapidly and divergently in response to sexual selection. Studies of genital evolution have focused largely on male genitalia, with our understanding of female genital evolution relatively limited. The paucity of work on female genital morphology is likely due to problems faced in quantifying shape variation, due to their composition and accessibility. Here we use a combination of micro-computed tomography, landmark-free shape quantification, and phylogenetic analysis to quantify the rate of female genital shape evolution among 29 species of Antichiropus millipedes, and the coevolution of male genitalia. We found significant variation in female and male genital shape among species. While male genital shape showed significant phylogenetic signal, female genital shape did not. Male genital shape was found to be evolving 1.2 times faster than female genital shape. Female and male genital shapes exhibited strongly correlated evolution, indicating that genital shape changes in one sex are associated with corresponding changes in the genital shape of the other sex. This study adds novel insight into our growing understanding of how female genitalia can evolve rapidly and divergently and highlights the advantages of three-dimensional techniques and multivariate analyses in studies of female genital evolution.</p>
Early origins of divergent patterns of morphological evolution on the mammal and reptile stem-lineages
<p>The origin of amniotes 320 million years ago signalled independence from water in vertebrates and was closely followed by divergences within the mammal and reptile stem lineages (Synapsida and Reptilia). Early members of both groups had highly similar morphologies, being superficially 'lizard-like' forms with many plesiomorphies. However, the extent to which they might have exhibited divergent patterns of evolutionary change, with potential to explain the large biological differences between their living members, is unresolved. We use a new, comprehensive phylogenetic dataset to quantify variation in rates and constraints of morphological evolution among Carboniferous–early Permian amniotes. We find evidence for an early burst of evolutionary rates, resulting in the early origins of morphologically distinctive subgroups that mostly persisted through the Cisuralian. Rates declined substantially through time, especially in reptiles. Early reptile evolution was also more constrained compared to early synapsids, exploring a more limited character state space. Postcranial innovation in particular was important in early synapsids, potentially related to their early origins of large body size. In contrast, early reptiles predominantly varied the temporal region, suggesting disparity in skull and jaw kinematics, and foreshadowing the variability of cranial biomechanics seen in reptiles today. Our results demonstrate that synapsids and reptiles underwent an early divergence of macroevolutionary patterns. This laid the foundation for subsequent evolutionary events and may be critical in understanding the substantial differences between mammals and reptiles today. Potential explanations include an early divergence of developmental processes or of ecological factors, warranting cross-disciplinary investigation.</p>
The evolution of plasticity in brain morphology following colonization of an ecologically divergent habitat in Trinidadian guppies
<p>Natural environments are constantly changing. To survive, organisms will either need to rapidly adapt to new conditions or colonize new habitats. Colonization has been hypothesized to select for increased plasticity as well as increased brain size, though empirical tests of these effects have proven difficult to evaluate. In particular, the degree to which plasticity of brain morphology can evolve, and its subsequent ecological consequences have rarely been explored. Trinidadian guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>) are known for their repeated adaptation to ancestral high-predation (HP) and derived low-predation (LP) environments. We used this system to examine the evolution and plasticity of brain morphology. We exposed second-generation offspring of individuals collected from HP and LP sites to two different kinds of environmental treatments: predation cues and conspecific social environment. We found that guppies descended from a colonized LP habitat showed greater plasticity in brain morphology than descendants of their ancestral HP population, supporting the hypothesis that plasticity of brain morphology may increase fitness after colonization of a novel habitat. Additionally, we show sexual dimorphism in brain morphology plasticity. Overall, these results suggest the evolution of brain morphology plasticity as an important mechanism that allows for ecological diversification and colonization of novel habitats.</p>
Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska
<p>Polymorphism facilitates coexistence of divergent morphs (e.g., phenotypes) of the same species by minimizing intraspecific competition, especially when resources are limiting. Arctic char (<i>Salvelinus</i> <i>sp</i>.) are a Holarctic fish often forming morphologically, and sometimes genetically, divergent morphs. In this study, we assessed the morphological and genetic diversity and divergence of 263 individuals from seven populations of arctic char with varying length-frequency distributions across two distinct groups of lakes in northern Alaska. Despite close geographic proximity, each lake group occurs on landscapes with different glacial ages and surface water connectivity, and thus were likely colonized by fishes at different times. Across lakes, a continuum of physical (e.g., lake area, maximum depth) and biological characteristics (e.g., primary productivity, fish density) exists, likely contributing to characteristics of present-day char populations. Although some lakes exhibit bimodal size distributions, using model-based clustering of morphometric traits corrected for allometry, we did not detect morphological differences within and across char populations. Genomic analyses using 15,934 SNPs obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing demonstrated differences among lake groups related to historical biogeography, but within lake groups and within individual lakes, genetic differentiation was not related to total body length. We used PERMANOVA to identify environmental and biological factors related to observed char size structure. Significant predictors included water transparency (i.e., a primary productivity proxy), char density (fish·ha<sup>-1</sup>), and lake group. Larger char occurred in lakes with greater primary production and lower char densities, suggesting less intraspecific competition and resource limitation. Thus, char populations in more productive and connected lakes may prove more stable to environmental changes, relative to food-limited and closed lakes, if lake productivity increases concomitantly. Our findings provide some of the first descriptions of genomic characteristics of char populations in arctic Alaska, and offer important consideration for the persistence of these populations for subsistence and conservation.</p>
Introgressive hybridization erodes morphological divergence between lentic and lotic habitats in an endangered minnow
<p>Introgressive hybridization may erode phenotypic divergence along environmental gradients, collapsing locally adapted populations into a hybrid swarm. Alternatively, introgression may promote phenotypic divergence by providing variation on which natural selection can act. In freshwater fishes, water flow often selects for divergent morphological traits in lake versus stream habitats. We tested the effects of introgression on lake-stream morphological divergence in the minnow Owens Tui Chub (<em>Siphateles</em> <em>bicolor</em> <em>snyderi</em>), which has been rendered endangered by introgression from the introduced Lahontan Tui Chub (<em>Siphateles</em> <em>bicolor</em> <em>obesa</em>). Using geometric morphometric analysis of 457 individual Tui Chub from thirteen populations, we found that both the native and introgressing parent taxa exhibited divergent body and caudal fin shapes in lake vs. stream habitats, but their trajectories of divergence were distinct. In contrast, introgressed populations exhibited intermediate body and caudal fin shapes that were not differentiated by habitat type, indicating that introgression has eroded phenotypic divergence along the lentic-lotic gradient throughout the historic range of the Owens Tui Chub. Individuals within hybrid populations were less morphologically variable than those within parent populations, suggesting hybrid adaptation to selective agents other than water flow or loss of variance by drift.</p>
Data from: Evidence for divergence in phenology over morphology in response to limiting similarity in montane communities of Rhododendron
<p>1. The coexistence of closely related species is key to understanding the nature of biodiversity hotspots where in situ diversification has yielded rich communities of close relatives. Limiting similarity predicts that co-occurring species are differentiated in their niches; identifying the axes of differentiation in sympatric close relatives can thus help reveal the eco-evolutionary dynamics of community assembly. For flowering plants, these axes may be temporal (related to reproductive phenology) or morphological (related to functional traits).</p> <p>2. We collected fine-scale data on abundance, morphology, and phenology over a flowering season for 34 species of <em>Rhododendron</em> (Ericaceae) spanning a 2700 m elevation gradient in a nature reserve in the eastern Hengduan Mountains, China. We used null models to test for patterns of clustering versus overdispersion in species' abundances, phylogenetic relatedness, and functional traits across sites, and applied joint distribution models to examine the correlates of pairwise associations.</p> <p>3. We found that species tended to be spatially aggregated, indicating that communities are not strongly structured by competitive exclusion. At higher elevation sites, species tended to be vegetatively more similar (clustered) and closely related. Environmental variables, including climate and topography, were strong predictors of species' ranges. No evidence of niche differentiation was detected along spatial or morphological (functional) axes, but along the temporal axis, the phenology of co-occurring species showed significant divergence, and was less phylogenetically conserved compared to morphological traits.</p> <p>4. <em>Synthesis</em>. Local communities of <em>Rhododendron</em> in its center of diversity are structured by environmental filtering and the effects of limiting similarity. Evidence for the latter is apparent in the pervasive phenological divergence of co-occurring species, likely driven by reproductive interference from shared pollinators. The evolutionary lability of flowering time appears to render it the quickest path to coexistence for recently diverged species that experience secondary contact in this biodiversity hotspot.</p>
Data from: Endocranial morphology of three early-diverging ceratopsians and implications for the behavior and the evolution of the endocast in ceratopsians
<p>Ceratopsians underwent great changes including the shift of the locomotion mode, enlarged horns and frills, and increased body size. These changes are along with the changes in endocranial morphology and ecology such as the decrease of the flocculus, the hearing range, the olfactory ratio, and the Reptile Encephalization Quotient. However, the endocranial structures and associated ecology of the earliest ceratopsians are still unknown. Here, we reconstructed the endocasts of three early-diverging ceratopsians including the Late Jurassic <em>Yinlong</em>, and the Early Cretaceous <em>Liaoceratops</em> and <em>Psittacosaurus</em>. These ceratopsians display prominent flocculus, large and separate olfactory bulbs, long and high anterior semicircular canal, and long endosseous cochlear duct. Unlike <em>Liaoceratops</em> and <em>Psittacosaurus</em>, <em>Yinlong</em> exhibits relatively stocky semicircular canals and small flocculus. In Ceratopsia, the evolutional patterns of the endocast include the merging and narrowing of the olfactory bulbs, the disappearing flocculus, the reduction of the anterior semicircular canal, the increasing of the angle between two vertical semicircular canals, and the shortening of the cochlear duct. The endocranial structures suggest early-diverging ceratopsians had a high olfactory acuity and were adapted to hearing high frequencies, unlike the condition of late-diverging ceratopsians with lower olfactory acuity and hearing frequency. Reptile Encephalization Quotient suggests that <em>Yinlong</em> and <em>Psittacosaurus</em> were more encephalized than most extant reptiles and late-diverging ceratopsians. The angle of the lateral semicircular canal suggests that heads in ceratopsians display a transition from an upward posture to a downward posture. The relatively upward head posture indicates that early-diverging ceratopsians could feed more selectively such as to eat some leaves.</p>
Immunotherapy response induces divergent tertiary lymphoid structure morphologies in hepatocellular carcinoma
<p>This repository contains imaging mass cytometry (IMC) data and associated files for the publication "Immunotherapy response induces divergent tertiary lymphoid structure morphologies in hepatocellular carcinoma". Code used to analyze these data can be found at https://github.com/FertigLab/HCCTLS. Raw IMC data have been uploaded as .mcd files (n=10). The file "IMCpanel.xlsx" indicates the antibodies used for each IMC channel. In addition, we have uploaded .tiff files (n=38) generated from each .mcd, which were used to identify and annotate individual tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) as some ROI had multiple TLS. The file "Updated Catalogue of TLS with S numbers.xlsx" indicates which TLS correspond to each ROI in the .mcd files. To determine the area of each TLS, .tiff files were annotated using ImageJ and the area of each TLS was exported and stored in the file, "TLS_selection_area_pixels.csv". The XY coordinates of individual TLS were obtained by using FlowJo software to annotate .fcs files resulting from single cell segmentation of each ROI. </p>
Divergence time and environmental similarity predict the strength of morphological convergence in stick and leaf insects
<p>This uploads contains the datasets, phylogenetic tree and associated R code used to generate the results reported in the article: "Divergence time and environmental similarity predict the strength of morphological convergence in stick and leaf insects" published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (2024).<br>A detailed explanation of datasetS1 can be found in the supplementary data of the article. </p>
Figure 6 in Morphological, vocal and genetic divergence in the Cettia acanthizoides complex (Aves: Cettiidae)
Figure 6. One song strophe of Cettia a. concolor, Taiwan, May; tape recording by Per Alström.
Data from: Genetic architectures of postmating isolation and morphology of two highly diverged rockfishes (genus Sebastes)
<p>Postmating isolation is thought to be an important driver of the late stages of speciation. However, relatively little is empirically known about the process compared to other isolating mechanisms that drive the early stages of speciation, especially in non-model organisms. We characterized the genetic architecture of postmating isolation between two rockfishes, <em>Sebastes schlegelii</em> and <em>S. trivittatus</em>, whose reproductive isolation is complete. We examined transmission ratio distortion (TRD) patterns of genetic markers in two reciprocal backcross populations. Markers showing either of the two types of TRD was widespread across the genome, with some of the distorted markers forming extensive clusters around the recombination coldspots. These suggest that the postmating isolation effectively prevents gene flow across the genome and the recombination landscape contributes to the genetic architecture. Comparisons between two backcross families and two developmental stages showed little similarity in the distorted markers, suggesting asymmetry and stage-specificity of the isolation. This may be due to hybrid incompatibility involving maternal factors or extrinsic selection. The lack of sex-ratio distortion in the mapping families suggested that Haldane's rule in terms of hybrid inviability does not hold. Additionally, QTL mapping detected significant QTLs for sex and the morphological traits relevant to speciation and convergence of rockfishes, including body coloration. Genes in the melanocortin system, including <em>agouti-signaling protein 1</em> (<em>asip1</em>) and <em>melanocortin 1 receptor</em> (<em>mc1r</em>), might underlie the horizontal and vertical color patterns on the body, respectively. These findings constitute an essential step towards a comprehensive understanding of speciation and morphological diversification of rockfishes.</p>
Data from: Experimentally simulating the evolution-to-ecology connection: Divergent predator morphologies alter natural food webs
<p class="MsoNormal">The idea that changing environmental conditions drive adaptive evolution is a pillar of evolutionary ecology. But, the opposite—that adaptive evolution alters ecological processes—has received far less attention yet is critical for eco-evolutionary dynamics. We assessed the ecological impact of divergent values in a key adaptive trait using 16 populations of the brown anole lizard (<em class="i">Anolis sagrei</em>). Mirroring natural variation, we established islands with short- or long-limbed lizards at both low and high densities. We then monitored changes in lower trophic levels, finding that on islands with short-limbed lizards at high-density<span class="inserted">,</span> web spider<span class="inserted">s</span> decreased and plants grew more via an indirect positive effect, likely through an herbivore-mediated trophic cascade. Our experiment provides strong support for evolution-to-ecology connections in nature, likely closing an otherwise well-characterized eco-evolutionary feedback loop.</p>
Data for: A novel cricket morph has diverged in song and wing morphology across island populations
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Divergence of sexual signals between populations can lead to speciation, yet opportunities to study the immediate aftermath of novel signal evolution are rare. The recent emergence and spread of a new mating song, purring, in Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket (<em>Teleogryllus oceanicus</em>) allows us to investigate population divergence soon after the origin of a new signal. Male crickets produce songs with specialized wing structures to attract mates from afar (calling) and entice them to mate when found (courtship). However, in Hawaii, these songs also attract an eavesdropping parasitoid fly (<em>Ormia ochracea</em>) that kills singing males. The novel purring song, produced with heavily modified wing morphology, attracts female crickets but not the parasitoid fly, acting as a solution to this conflict between natural and sexual selection. We've since observed increasing numbers of purring males across Hawaii. In this integrative field study, we investigated the distribution of purring and the proportion of purring males relative to other morphs in six populations on four islands and compared a suite of phenotypic traits (wing morphology, calling song, and courtship song) that make up this novel signal across populations of purring males. We show that purring is found in varying proportions across five, and is locally dominant in four, Hawaiian populations. We also show that calling songs, courtship songs, and wing morphology of purring males differ geographically. Our findings demonstrate the rapid pace of evolution in island populations and provide insights into the emergence and divergence of new sexual signals over time.</span></p>
Data from: Divergence in the internal genital morphology of females is correlated with divergence in male intromittent structures among populations of a millipede
<p>Our understanding of genital evolution comes largely from studies of male genitalia. Females have received far less attention because of the difficulties inherent in quantifying the shapes of their internal genital structures. Here we combine advances in micro-computed tomography with a new landmark free method of quantifying three-dimensional trait shape, to document patterns of divergence in female genital shape, and the correlated divergence of male genitalia among populations of the millipede Antichiropus variabilis. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms to estimate levels of neutral genetic divergence among seven populations of millipede. Genetic divergence was high and correlated with geographic distance. Comparing phenotypic divergence in genital shape to neutral genetic divergence, we found that genital shape for both females and males has diverged more than would be expected from random drift, consistent with a pattern of directional selection. While there was significant covariation between female and male genital shape across populations, the magnitude of divergence in genital shape between the sexes was not correlated. Our results demonstrate the utility of using three-dimensional scanning technologies to examine female genital traits and add to a small but growing number of studies showing that like male genitalia, female genitalia can be under strong directional selection.</p>
Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.