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Fig. 10 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 10. Terminalia of Tachydromia nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov., holotype (RBINS). A. Right surstylus and right epandrial lamella. B. Epandrium with cerci. C. Left epandrial lamella and left surstylus. D. Right surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 20 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 20. Drawings of the tip of stenopterous wings and images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the micropterous wings. Males are pictured in the left column, females in the right. A–B. T. ebejeri Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. C–D. T. cantabrica Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. E–F. T. lusitanica (Grootaert, Shamshev & Andrade, 2009). G–H. T. nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. Scale bars: A–B, D, F, H = 10 µm; C, E, G = 50 µm.

Fig. 3 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 3. Terminalia of Tachydromia apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006 from Italy, Lazio, Posta (RBINS). A. Right surstylus and right epandrial lamella. B. Epandrium with cerci. C. Left epandrial lamella and left surstylus. D. Right surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 1. Currently known distribution of the Iberian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803. Each dot represents a presence point, with each colour corresponding to a different species. When two species co-occur in the same area, their presence is represented by a smaller dot on top of a dot of regular dimension, each of those with the colour corresponding to the co-occurring species. The dots surrounded by a black circle with a vertical line represent localities previously known.

Fig. 2 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 2. Maximum-likelihood tree (ln L = -29397.646621) based on the combined dataset (COI, nontrimmed 28S,12S, AATS and PGD) using Garli ver. 2.01.1067 and the structural alignment for 28S. Bootstrap support values (below) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (above) are depicted at the nodes (only> 50 or> 0.5, respectively). Abbreviations: BS = Bootstrap support values; PP = Bayesian posterior probabilities. A greyscale is used to highlight the ingroup, where the darkest shade of grey highlights the Iberian flightless ant-like species of Tachydromia Meigen, 1803, followed by a lighter shade which includes T. apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006, hence representing all the flightless species occurring in southern Europe and, finally, the lighter shade covers all Tachydromia analysed, including the macropterous species assigned to different species groups sensu Chvála (1970). The white bar indicates the species originally assigned to genus Pieltainia Arias, 1919, while the grey bars indicate the taxa originally assigned to genus different species-groups sensu Chvála (1970).

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

dryad40/100

Novelty and emergent patterns in sperm: morphological diversity and evolution of spermatozoa and sperm conjugation in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

The beetle family Carabidae, with about 40,000 species, exhibits enough diversity in sperm structure and behavior to be an excellent model system for studying patterns and processes of sperm evolution. We explore their potential, documenting sperm form in 177 species of ground beetles using light microscopy and collecting data on 1 qualitative and 7 quantitative sperm phenotypic traits. Our sampling captures 61% of the tribal-level diversity of ground beetles. These data highlight the notable morphological diversity of sperm in ground beetles and suggest that sperm in the group have dynamic evolutionary histories with much morphological innovation and convergence. Sperm vary among species in total length (48–3,400mm), head length (0.5–270mm), and head width (0.2–6.3mm). Most ground beetles make sperm with heads that are indistinct from the flagella at the gross morphological level. However, some or all Omophron,Trachypachus, and Dyschiriini make broad-headed sperm that show morphological differences between species. Most ground beetles package their sperm into groups of sperm, termed conjugates, and ground beetles show variation in conjugate form and in the number and arrangement of sperm in a conjugate. Most ground beetles make sperm conjugates by embedding their sperm in a hyaline rod or spermatostyle. The spermatostyle is remarkably variable among species and varies in length from 17–41,000mm. Several unrelated groups of ground beetles make only singleton sperm, including Nebriinae, Cicindelinae, many Trechinae, and the tribe Paussini. In order to study patterns in sperm evolution, we combine these data with a low-resolution phylogeny of ground beetles. Results from modern comparative analyses suggest the following: sperm differ from conjugates in some aspect of their underlying evolutionary process, sperm have influenced conjugate evolution and vice versa, and conjugation with a spermatostyle likely evolved early within the history of Carabidae and it has been lost independently at least three times.

FIGURE 30 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 30. Bayesian tree (TPM 2 uf + G) for Aegla species based on partial fragment of 16 S. Node numbers represent posterior probabilities (values <50 % are not shown), and divergence time in millions of years (my); * indicates the calibration points to molecular clock. The clade C proposed by Pérez-Losada et al. (2004) is highlighted in grey. The basin and sub-basin origin of the discussed species in this study are shown after the specific names.

FIGURE 24. A – L in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 24. A – L, proximal portion of fifth pereiopod showing coxa and sexual tube of long and narrow type. A – B, Aegla paulensis Schmitt, 1942 s. str., male topotype (MZUSP 34368). C – D, Aegla rosanae Campos Jr., 1998, male topotype (MZUSP 34369). E – F, Aegla vanini n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34372). G – H, Aegla japi n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 34375). I – J, Aegla jaragua n. sp. male paratype (MZUSP 34378). K-L, Aegla jundiai n. sp., male paratype (MZUSP 13490). Bars: A – D, F – H, J = 200 µm; K, L = 100 µm; E, I = 500 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 8. Types of Aegla Leach, 1820 male sexual tubes. A, long and narrow (A. lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al., 2015, MZUSP 34403). B, short and wide (A. leptochela Bond-Buckup & Buckup, 1994, MZUSP 34491).

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status

FIGURE 1. Distribution of the species of Aegla in four main hydrographic basins of southern Brazil: Rio Grande, Rio Tietê (Upper Paraná system), Rio Paraíba do Sul and Ribeira de Iguape. Indications L 1 through L 7 refer to the locations mentioned under “ sampling area ” in the Material & Methods section.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Data set of dorsal halfed shield outlines of specimens of Meiura, from the publication "Morphological diversity in true and false crabs reveals a common middle ground – the megalopa phase"

Data set, containing all reconstructed shield shapes, all from representatives of Meiura, included in the analysis of the manuscript "Morphological diversity in true and false crabs reveals a common middle ground – the megalopa phase". The data sheet, detailing data origin can be found in the supplementarty material of the publication.

FIGURE 15 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 15 Light micrographs of Longidorus pini Andrés and Arias, 1988 paratypes from San Martín del Pimpollar, Avila province (A–F), and the population from Nava de Francia, Salamanca province (G–M). A–C, G–I, female anterior regions. D–F, J–K, female tails. L-M, male tail with detail of spicules. Abbreviations: a = anus; gr = guiding ring; sp = spicules; spl = ventromedian supplements. Scale bars = 20 μm

FIGURE 13 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 13 Light micrographs of Longidorus cf. olegi Kankina & Metlitskaya, 1983. (A)–(B) female anterior region. (C)–(F) female lip regions. (G) detail of basal bulb. (H) vulval region. (I)–(L) female tails. (M) and (N), male tail with detail of spicules. (O)–(R) First-, second-, third-, and fourth-stage juvenile (J1–J4) tails, respectively. Abbreviations: a = anus; af = amphidial fovea; gr = guiding ring. Scale bars = 20 μm

FIGURE 14 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 14 Relationship of body length to length of functional and replacement odontostyle (Ost and rOst, respectively) length in all developmental stages from first-stage juveniles (J1) to mature females of Longidorus cf. olegi Kankina & Metlitskaya, 1983

FIGURE 12 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 12 Light micrographs of Longidorus nevesi Macara 1985. (A) female anterior region. (B) female lip region. (C) vulval region. (D) female tail. (E)–(F) male tail with detail of spicules. Abbreviations: a = anus; gr = guiding ring; spl = ventromedian supplements; V = vulva. Scale bars = 20 μm

Figure 11 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

Figure 11 Light micrographs of Longidorus carpetanensis Arias et al., 1986 from Puebla de Sanabria, Zamora (A)–(F), and topotypes from Navalmoral, Avila (G)–(L). A–C, G and H, female anterior regions. D, I, female tails. E and F, J and L, male tail with detail of spicules. Abbreviations: a = anus; gr = guiding ring; spl = ventromedian supplements. Scale bars = 20 µm

FIGURE 9 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 9 Light micrographs of Longidorus pacensis sp. nov. (A)–(G) Anterior regions. (H) Vulval region. (I)–(K) Female tails. (L) Detail of sperm cells. (M) and (N) Male tails. (O)–(R) First-, second-, third-, and fourth-stage juvenile (J1–J4) tails, respectively. Abbreviations: a = anus; af = amphidial fovea; gr = guiding ring; sp = spicules; spl = ventromedian supplements; v = vulva. Scale bars = 20 μm

FIGURE 10 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 10 Light micrographs of Longidorus africanus Merny, 1966. (A) female anterior region. (B) female lip region. (C) vulval region. (D)–(E) female tails. Abbreviations: a = anus; gr = guiding ring; v = vulva. Scale bars = 20 μm

FIGURE 8 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 8 Line drawings of Longidorus pacensis sp. nov. (A) Female neck region. (B) and (C) Female lip regions. (D) and (E) Female tails. (F) Male tail. (G) First-stage juvenile tail

FIGURE 7 in Molecular phylogenetic analysis and comparative morphology reveals the diversity and distribution of needle nematodes of the genus Longidorus (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae) from Spain

FIGURE 7 Relationship of body length to length of functional and replacement odontostyle (Ost and rOst, respectively) length in all developmental stages from first-stage juveniles (J1) to mature females of. (A) Longidorus iliturgiensis sp. nov. (B) Longidorus pacensis, sp. nov.