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199 results for “natural enemies”
Fig. 1 in Assessing the flight capabilities of fed and starved Allograpta obliqua (Diptera: Syrphidae), a natural enemy of Asian citrus psyllid, with computerized flight mills
Fig. 1. Mean flight parameters measured for starved and fed Allograpta obliqua attached to flight mills for 24 h. Error bars indicate ± SEMs; asterisks indicate a significant (P <0.05) difference between feeding treatments.
Fig. 2 in Assessing the flight capabilities of fed and starved Allograpta obliqua (Diptera: Syrphidae), a natural enemy of Asian citrus psyllid, with computerized flight mills
Fig. 2. Mean flight parameters measured for male and female Allograpta obliqua attached to flight mills for 24 h. Error bars indicate ± SEMs; asterisks indicate a significant P <0.05) difference between sex.
Fig. 2 in Population dynamics of pests and natural enemies on sugar cane grown in a subtropical region of Brazil
Fig. 2. Population dynamics of the natural enemies Harmonia axyridis, Doru lineare, and Billaea claripalpis in sugar cane from Feb 2013 to Jan 2015 in the municipality of Salto do Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Arrows indicate the harvesting and budding periods.
Fig. 1 in Population dynamics of pests and natural enemies on sugar cane grown in a subtropical region of Brazil
Fig. 1. Population dynamics of sugar cane pests from Feb 2013 to Jan 2015 in the municipality of Salto do Jacuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: (A) Means of internodes, attacked internodes, and number of Diatraea saccharalis larvae per culm; (B) Insects of Mahanarva fimbriolata per square m, and infested culms (%) by Saccharicoccus sacchari, and Melanaphis sacchari. Arrows indicate the harvesting and budding periods.
Figure 8 in From Eradication to Containment: Invasion of French Polynesia by Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Releases of Two Natural Enemies: A 17-Year Case Study
Figure 8. Dates of detection of B. dorsalis and introduction of F. arisanus on the various islands of French Polynesia.
Linked collectors and determiners for: FBIP: Genetic diversity of olive insect pests and their natural enemies in the Western Cape.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "FBIP: Genetic diversity of olive insect pests and their natural enemies in the Western Cape". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876">https://gbif.org/dataset/0081d6b8-9c38-49ee-8355-f5a118cc0876</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figure 1 in A checklist of natural enemies of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia and the world
Figure 1. Natural enemies associated with Diaphorina citri in Colombia. Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: A. Azya orbigera Mulsant, B. Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius), C. Chilocorus cacti (L.), D. Curinus colombianus Chapin, E. Cycloneda sanguinea (L.), F. Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), G. Hippodamia convergens (Guerin-Meneville). H. Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant), I. Scymnus rubicundus Erichson. Diptera: Syrphidae: J. Allograpta (Fazia) CR-2 aff. hians, K. Leucopodella sp. Hemiptera: Reduviidae: L. Zelus cf. nugax Stål, Hymenoptera: Vespidae: M. Polybia sp. Eulophidae: N. Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: O. Ceraeochrysa sp.
Dataset related to the responses of eggplant plants to Bemisia Tabaci whitefly in presence of one of its natural enemies, the Macrolophus pygmaeus plant bug
<p>This dataset assesses the response of eggplant plants to 3 conditions: noninfested control plants, plants infested by Bemisia tabaci whitefly, and plants infested by Bemisia tabaci where Macrolophus pygmaeus plant bug was also released.</p> <p>The data of the various parameters relating to the responses of the different eggplant plants to the three tested conditions were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. Where significant differences were detected, the means were separated by Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis was carried out using the program Statistica (StatSoft, TIBCO Software Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA).</p> <p>The provided dataset was used in the investigation of whether the Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) plant bug can mitigate the damage caused to plants by the Bemisia tabaci whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). A discussion and interpretation of the data, as well as subsequent results, is provided in the scientific publication <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7660447#.Y_Soh3aZObg">"Can Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Mitigate the Damage Caused to Plants by Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)?"</a>, published in the <em><strong><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/14/2/164">Insects</a> </strong></em>journal. </p> <p>This research was conducted within the VIRTIGATION project, which is part of the EU Open Research Data pilot. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101000570.</p>
Co-parasitism in the face of predation: Effects of natural enemies on a neotropical mockingbird
<p>Co-parasitism is ubiquitous and has important consequences for the ecology and evolution of wild host populations. Studies of parasite co-infections remain limited in scope, with few experimental tests of the fitness consequences of multiple parasites, especially in natural populations.</p> <p>We measured the separate and combined effects of <em>Philornis seguyi </em>nest flies and shiny cowbirds (<em>Molothrus bonariensi</em>s) on the fitness of a shared host, the chalk-browed mockingbird (<em>Mimus saturninus</em>) in Argentina.</p> <p>Using a two-factor experimental approach, we manipulated the presence of nest flies and cowbirds in mockingbird nests and assessed their effects on mockingbird hemoglobin levels, begging and provisioning rates, body size, and fledging success. We also monitored rates of nest predation in relation to parasitism by flies and cowbirds.</p> <p>Nest flies reduced the hemoglobin concentration, body size, and fledging success of mockingbirds, likely because mockingbirds did not compensate for parasitism by begging more or feeding their nestlings more. Cowbirds also reduced the fledging success of mockingbirds, even though they had no detectable effect on hemoglobin or body size. Nests with cowbirds, which beg more than mockingbirds, attracted more nest predators. There was no significant interaction between the effects of flies and cowbirds on any component of mockingbird fitness. The combined effects of nest flies and cowbirds were strictly additive.</p> <p>In summary, we show that nest flies and cowbirds both reduce host fitness, but do not have interactive effects in co-parasitized nests. Our results further suggest that predators exacerbate the effects of nest flies and cowbirds on their hosts. Our study shows that the fitness consequences of co-parasitism are complex, especially in the context of community-level interactions.</p>
Native generalist natural enemies and an introduced specialist parasitoid together control an invasive forest insect
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Scale insects support natural enemies in both landscape trees and shrubs below them
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Elevation and grassland cover shape natural enemy communities in Kenyan maize crops
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Co-parasitism in the face of predation: Effects of natural enemies on a neotropical mockingbird
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Plant species percent cover data: Natural Enemies, Plant Diversity and Plant Community Composition
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in a subset of plots within the Big Biodiversity field, including monoculture, 2-species, 4-species, 8-species, 16-species, and 32-species plots. There are 5 different treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, the combination of all pesticides, and nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant species percent cover data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Forest cover and proximity decrease herbivory and increase crop yield via enhanced natural enemies in soybean fields
<p><span>Non-crop habitats are essential for sustaining biodiversity of beneficial arthropods in agricultural landscapes, which can increase ecosystem services provision and crop yield. However, their effects on specific crop systems are less clear, such as soybean in South America, where the responses of pests and natural enemies to landscape structure have only recently been studied. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we analyzed how native forest fragments at local and landscape scales influenced arthropod communities, herbivory, and yield in soybean fields in central Argentina. To do this, we selected soybean fields located in agricultural landscapes with varying proportions of forest cover. At two distances (10 and 100m) from a focal forest fragment, we sampled natural enemy and herbivore arthropods, and measured soybean herbivory and yield. We focused on herbivore diversity, abundance of key soybean pests in the region (caterpillars and stink bugs), and their generalist and specialist natural enemies.</span></p> <p><span>Higher abundance of predators, lower herbivory rates, and increased yield were found near forests, while overall forest cover in the landscape was positively related with parasitoid and stink bug abundance, soybean yield, and negatively with herbivory. Moreover, yield was positively linked to richness and abundance of generalist and specialist enemies and independent of herbivory according to piecewise Structural Equation Models. </span></p> <p><span><i>Synthesis and applications. </i>Our results show positive effects of native forests on biodiversity and yield in soybean crops, highlighting the need for conservation of forest fragments in agricultural landscapes. Moreover, the relation between natural enemies and crop yield suggests that Chaco forests support a diverse and abundant community of natural enemies that can provide sustained levels of ecosystem services and result in positive effects for farmers.</span></p>
Raw data : Exploratory survey for the faba bean stem borer, Lixus algirus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its natural enemies in Morocco.
<p>A survey was conducted to determine the distribution of <em>L. algirus</em> and its natural enemies and damage severity in Morocco. A total of 16 and 27 stops were randomly selected and surveyed in the major faba bean-growing regions during 2017 and 2018, respectively.</p>
The interplay between defaunation and phylogenetic diversity affect leaf damage by natural enemies in tropical plants
<ol> <li>Natural enemies play an important role in controlling plant population growth and vegetation dynamics. Tropical rainforests host the greatest diversity of herbivores, from large mammalian ungulates to microscopic pathogens, generating and maintaining plant diversity.</li> <li>By feeding on the same resources, large mammalian herbivores may interfere with plant consumption and leaf damage by important enemy guilds such as invertebrate herbivores and pathogens, triggering indirect trophic cascades. However, the impact of local extinctions of large herbivores on plant-enemy interactions is relatively unknown.</li> <li>We experimentally tested the effects of defaunation of large mammalian herbivores (e.g., peccaries, tapirs, brocket deer; hereafter, large herbivores) on leaf damage of 3,350 understory plants in tropical rainforests of Brazil. We examined leaf damage in 10,050 leaves from 333 morphospecies by assigning the area consumed or damaged by five guilds of insect herbivores and leaf pathogens within 86 paired open-closed plots and investigated the joint effects of defaunation and plant phylogenetic diversity.</li> <li>Plants released from large herbivores had 9% less leaf damage; this difference was due to the lower leaf pathogens incidence (29%) rather than insect herbivory. Evolutionary Distinctness was similarly and positively correlated with leaf damage in all treatments, suggesting additive effects of defaunation and phylogenetic diversity. Total and pathogenic leaf damage (but not insect damage) decreased with plant richness across treatments, and large herbivores' exclusion resulted in increased plant species richness. This suggests that large herbivores' exclusion leads to a dilution of total and pathogens' leaf damage by increasing plant species richness.</li> <li>Our results suggest that large herbivores' indirect effects decrease the dilution potential of plant communities against pathogens and rather reinforce their top-down impact on vegetation, demonstrating a previously overlooked cascading effect of large herbivore extinction on forest ecosystems.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: The extinction of large mammalian herbivores can lead to a decrease in pathogen-driven leaf damage, a previously unknown indirect effect in forest ecosystems, which might have consequences for plant fitness and ultimately for plant diversity. Large herbivores and plant pathogens might have synergistic effects in regulating the diversity of plant communities in some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth.</li> </ol>
Organic compost belowground and floral diversity aboveground interactively shape natural enemies in urban gardens
<p>Plant diversity aboveground can exert top-down pressure on herbivores by attracting predatory insects, while organic soil amendments rich in beneficial microbes can limit herbivores from the bottom up by enhancing plant defensive chemistry. Aboveground and belowground forces always operate simultaneously to shape herbivore pressure, but understanding how they interact is a longstanding and persistent challenge. Here, we examine how organic composts mediate effects of plant diversity across trophic levels, using zucchini plants (<em>Cucurbita pepo</em>) as a study system. Over two field seasons, we manipulated vermicompost treatments in 18 experiments in school gardens that varied in surrounding plant and floral resource diversity, and measured responses of insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Vermicompost strengthened a positive relationship between flower richness and foliar-feeding omnivores, suggesting that robust reservoirs of omnivores at flower-rich sites mounted stronger responses to compost-treated host plants. Predators increased with flower richness, but were not affected by vermicompost. Net outcomes of vermicompost and plant diversity were neutral for herbivores.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and Applications: </em>Altogether, our results reveal that bottom-up factors protecting plants are modified by their environmental context, and may more effectively attract natural enemies in landscapes with diverse floral resources. Therefore, we recommend augmentation of biodiversity aboveground (i.e. floral resources) together with biodiversity belowground (organic soil amendments) to strengthen crop protection.</p>
From weeds to natural enemies: Implications of weed cultivation and bio-pesticides for organic onion production
<p>Weed management is challenging for vegetable crops highly sensitive to weed competition, such as onions. Thrips (<em>Thysanoptera</em>: <em>Thripidae</em>) are major insect pests of onion, causing damage through feeding, and vector bacterial pathogens causing rot. Both thrips and their associated pathogens are known to survive on many weed species in onion growing regions. Combining weeding with bio-pesticides may synergistically manage thrips and disease by reducing disease prevalence and indirectly increasing onion yield. However, disturbances from weeding may negatively impact natural enemies. We estimate the effects of organic weed management and bio-pesticides on weed density, thrips and natural enemy activity, disease severity, and yield. The experiment was a randomized complete block design, with four replications of each weeding (control, tine-weeded 2x, tine-weeded 4x, and hand-weeded) and bio-pesticide (control, OxiDate 2.0, Serenade) combination. Arthropods were monitored using yellow sticky cards, and weed counts, marketable yield, and bulb rot prevalence were estimated. Hand-weeding resulted in the lowest weed density and thrips abundance. Additionally, hand-weeding produced 9x higher yield compared to all other treatments. Significant interactions were observed between tine-weeding and bio-pesticide treatments. Natural enemy abundance was slightly negatively impacted by weeding, dependent on year. DNA metabarcoding results show high parasitoid diversity in onion systems and strong reads for multiple genera containing important known biological control agents. Our study suggests hand-weeding is necessary in the southeast for maximum onion yield. Future research should focus on exploring the impact of management on natural enemy communities in onion systems at a large scale.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.