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98 results for “neonicotinoids”
Data from: Honey bee dietary neonicotinoid exposure is associated with pollen collection from agricultural weeds
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The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
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Data from: Experimental evidence for neonicotinoid driven decline in aquatic emerging insects
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Data from: Neonicotinoid pesticides and nutritional stress synergistically reduce survival in honey bees
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Neonicotinoid and sulfoximine pesticides differentially impair insect escape behaviour and motion detection
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Data from: Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids reduces honey bee health near corn crops
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Data from: Planting of neonicotinoid-treated maize poses risks for honey bees and other non-target organisms over a wide area without consistent crop yield benefit
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Neonicotinoid insecticides can pose a severe threat to grassland plant bug communities
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Data from: Honey bees and neonicotinoid-treated corn seed: contamination, exposure, and effects
<p>Most corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) seeds planted in the US in recent years are coated with a seed treatment containing neonicotinoid insecticides. Abrasion of the seed coating generates insecticide-laden planter dust that disperses through the landscape during corn planting and has resulted in many 'bee-kill' incidents in North America and Europe. We investigated the linkage between corn planting and honey bee colony success in a region dominated by corn agriculture. Over three years we consistently observed an increased presence of corn seed treatment insecticides in bee-collected pollen and elevated worker bee mortality during corn planting. Residues of seed treatment neonicotinoids, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, detected in pollen positively correlated with cornfield area surrounding the apiaries. Elevated worker mortality was also observed in experimental colonies fed field-collected pollen containing known concentrations of corn seed treatment insecticides. We monitored colony growth throughout the subsequent year in 2015 and found that colonies exposed to higher insecticide concentrations exhibited slower population growth during the month of corn planting, but demonstrated more rapid growth in the month following, though this difference may be related to forage availability. Exposure to seed treatment neonicotinoids during corn planting has clear short-term detrimental effects on honey bee colonies and may affect the viability of beekeeping operations that are dependent on maximizing colony size in the springtime.<span> </span></p>
Data from: General and species-specific impacts of a neonicotinoid insecticide on the ovary development and feeding of wild bumblebee queens
Bumblebees are essential pollinators of crops and wild plants, but are in decline across the globe. Neonicotinoid pesticides have been implicated as a potential driver of these declines, but most of our evidence base comes from studies of a single species. There is an urgent need to understand whether such results can be generalized across a range of species. Here, we present results of a laboratory experiment testing the impacts of field-relevant doses (1.87–5.32 ppb) of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on spring-caught wild queens of four bumblebee species: Bombus terrestris, B. lucorum, B. pratorum and B. pascuorum. Two weeks of exposure to the higher concentration of thiamethoxam caused a reduction in feeding in two out of four species, suggesting species-specific anti-feedant, repellency or toxicity effects. The higher level of thiamethoxam exposure resulted in a reduction in the average length of terminal oocytes in queens of all four species. In addition to providing the first evidence for general effects of neonicotinoids on ovary development in multiple species of wild bumblebee queens, the discovery of species-specific effects on feeding has significant implications for current practices and policy for pesticide risk assessment and use.
Data from: Foraging bumblebees acquire a preference for neonicotinoid-treated food with prolonged exposure
Social bees represent an important group of pollinating insects but can be exposed to potentially harmful pesticides when foraging on treated or contaminated flowering plants. To investigate if such exposure is detrimental to bees, many studies have exclusively fed individuals with pesticide spiked food, informing us about the hazard but not necessarily the risk of exposure. Whilst such studies are important to establish the physiological and behavioural effects on individuals they do not consider the possibility that exposure may change over time. For example, many pesticide assays exclude potential behavioural adaptations, such as a rejection of harmful compounds by choosing to feed on an uncontaminated food source, which would behaviourally lower the risk of exposure. Here we conducted an experiment over 10 days in which bumblebees forage on an array of sucrose feeders containing a range of concentrations (0, 2 & 11 parts per billion) of the neonicotinoid pesticide thiamethoxam. We more closely mimic pesticide exposure in the wild by allowing foraging bees to experience i) a range of pesticide concentrations across a chronic exposure period, ii) repeated interactions with the pesticide, and iii) allowing foraging bees to retain the social cues associated with foraging by using whole colonies. We found that the proportion of visits to pesticide-laced feeders increased over time, resulting in the consumption of more pesticide-laced sucrose. After changing the spatial position of each feeder, foragers continued to preferentially visit the pesticide-laced food, indicating that workers can detect thiamethoxam and alter their behaviour to continue feeding from it. The increasing preference for consuming the neonicotinoid treated food, therefore increases the risk of exposure for the colony during prolonged pesticide exposure. Our results highlight the need to incorporate attractiveness of field relevant concentrations of pesticides to foraging bees (and other insect p
Data from: Environmental levels of neonicotinoids reduce prey consumption, mobility and emergence of the damselfly Ischnura elegans
Freshwaters are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world as a result of anthropogenic interference such as pollution. Pollution in the form of neonicotinoids has been intensively studied, but data thus far is often conflicted by contrasting responses between laboratory and field experiments. In addition, toxicity data are scarce and contradictory for insects such as Odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) and a potential risk to them may therefore be overlooked. We investigate the potential risk of neonicotinoids to Odonates by exposing nymphs of the blue‐tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans to environmentally relevant concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. We consider I. elegans as an indicator species for other Odonates as it is an abundant, widespread and eurytopic species. We analyse the effects of thiacloprid on multiple endpoints (survival, consumption, growth, molting, mobility and emergence), using cage‐experiments as well as controlled field observations in naturally colonized experimental ditches. In addition, we assess sensitivity by either feeding the damselfly nymphs with lab‐cultured prey or by letting them feed freely on natural aquatic invertebrates. All sublethal endpoints of I. elegans are affected to some degree, and strongly depend on the food offered; free‐feeding nymphs are more sensitive than culture‐fed nymphs. Environmental relevant concentrations of thiacloprid strongly reduce the emergence of I. elegans and this effect is more substantial in the natural populations compared to the caged damselflies. This is likely explained by exclusion of additional biotic pressures such as predation in the caged experiment. Policy implications. Literature reports that one out of seven Odonates is threatened and 24% of the species have declining populations. Our observations show that current risks of neonicotinoids to Odonates are underestimated in laboratory experiments as the toxicity is governed by multiple biotic factors such as food quantity/quality and predation. Given the widespread abundance of blue‐tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans, the observed sensitivity to neonicotinoids and current population trends of this species, these results indicate neonicotinoids play a central role in the Odonate decline in general.
Data from: Effects of neonicotinoid insecticide exposure and monofloral diet on nest-founding bumblebee queens
Bumblebees are among the world's most important groups of pollinating insects in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Each spring, queen bumblebees emerge from overwintering and initiate new nests, which ultimately give rise to workers and new reproductives later in the season. Nest initiation and survival are thus key drivers of both bumblebee pollination services and population dynamics. We performed the first laboratory experiment with the model bumblebee species Bombus impatiens that explores how early nesting success is impacted by the effects of temporary or more sustained exposure to sublethal levels of a neonicotinoid-type insecticide (imidacloprid at 5 ppb in nectar) and by reliance on a monofloral pollen diet, two factors that have been previously implicated in bumblebee decline. We found that queens exhibited increased mortality and dramatically reduced activity levels when exposed to imidacloprid, as well as delayed nest initiation and lower brood numbers in the nest, but partially recovered from these effects when they only received early, temporary exposure. The effects of pollen diet on individual queen- and colony-level responses were overshadowed by effects of the insecticide, although a monofloral pollen diet alone was sufficient to negatively impact brood production. These findings speak to the sensitivity of queen bumblebees during the nest initiation phase of the colony cycle, with implications for how queens and their young nests are uniquely impacted by exposure to threats such as pesticide exposure and foraging habitat unsuitability.
Data from: A nation-wide survey of neonicotinoid insecticides in agricultural land with implications for agri-environment schemes
1. Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides globally. However, the link between farming practices and the extent of contamination of soils and crops by neonicotinoid insecticides, as well as and the extent of such contamination in organic fields and ecological focus areas (EFAs) are currently unclear. 2. We measured the concentrations of five neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, acetamiprid) in 702 soil and plant samples in 169 cultivated fields and EFAs from 62 conventional, integrated production and organic farms distributed over the entire lowland of Switzerland. 3. We detected neonicotinoids in 93% of organic soils and crops, and more than 80% of EFA soils and plants – two types of arable land supposedly free of insecticides. We also tested 16 samples of organic seeds, of which 14 were positive for neonicotinoids. 4. Finally, we calculated hazard quotients (HQs) and potentially affected fractions for 72 beneficial and 12 pest species. Under a field-realistic scenario, we found that between 5.3 and 8.6% of above-ground invertebrate species may be exposed to lethal concentrations of clothianidin, and 31.6 to 41.2% to sublethal concentrations, in "integrated production" and conventional fields. We also found that 1.3 to 6.8% (up to 12.5% based on HQs) of the beneficial invertebrate species may be exposed to sublethal concentrations of neonicotinoids in EFAs and organic fields. In contrast, no pest species would be exposed to lethal concentrations, even under a worst-case scenario. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that diffuse contamination by neonicotinoids may harm a significant fraction of non-target beneficial species. The use of neonicotinoids on crops may threaten biodiversity in refuge areas, while also potentially jeopardizing the practice of organic farming by impeding the biological control of pests. Based on our results, we call for a reduction in the dispersion and overuse of neonicotinoid insecticides in order to prevent any detrimental effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services associated with agroecosystems.
Data from: Neonicotinoids and ectoparasitic mites synergistically impact honeybees
The Western honeybee, Apis mellifera, is the most important managed pollinator globally and has recently experienced unsustainably high colony losses. Synergistic interactions among stressors are believed to be primarily responsible. However, despite clear evidence of strong effect on honeybee longevity of widely-employed neonicotinoid insecticides and of the ubiquitous ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, no data exist to show synergistic effects between these two stressors. Even though neonicotinoids had no significant impact by themselves, we here show for the first time a synergistic time-lag interaction between mites and neonicotinoids that resulted in significantly reduced survival of long-lived winter honeybees. Even though these mites are potent vectors of viruses, the virus-insecticide interaction had no significant impact. The data suggest a previously overlooked mechanism possibly explaining recent unsustainably high losses of managed A. mellifera honeybee colonies in many regions of the world. Future mitigation efforts should concentrate on developing sustainable agro-ecosystem management schemes that incorporate reduced use of neonicotinoids and sustainable solutions for V. destructor mites.
Data from: Low dose of neonicotinoid insecticide reduces foraging motivation of bumblebees
Widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides, such as imidacloprid, is often associated with diminishing populations of bees; this loss of pollinators presents a concern for food security and may cause unpredictable changes in ecological networks. However, little is known about the potential behavioral mechanisms behind the neonicotinoid-associated pollinator decline. We quantified the effects of low dose (1 ppb) imidacloprid exposure on the foraging behaviour of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). Individual bumblebees were released into a flight arena containing three patches of robotic flowers whose colour (yellow, orange, blue) indicated whether the flower delivered a reward (sugar solution). Exposure to imidacloprid had no significant effect on measures of bumblebee physical performance (such as flight speed) or learning (identifying rewarding flowers). However, pesticide treated bumblebees had reduced foraging motivation compared with the control bumblebees, as they visited fewer robotic flowers, were slower to start foraging and did not visit all three flower colours as often. Neonicotinoid concentrations of 1 ppb, often reported in plant nectar near agricultural lands, can thus affect the foraging behaviour of bumblebees. Even without a notable impact on flight performance and learning, a reduction in foraging motivation could explain the poor performance of colonies of bumblebees exposed to neonicotinoids.
Data from: Modality-specific impairment of learning by a neonicotinoid pesticide
Neonicotinoid pesticides can impair bees' ability to learn and remember information about flowers, skills that are critical for effective foraging. Although these cognitive impacts may contribute to broader effects on health and performance, to date they have largely been assayed in simplified protocols that consider learning in a single sensory modality, usually olfaction. Given that real flowers display a variety of potentially useful signals, we assessed the effects of acute neonicotinoid exposure on multimodal learning in free-flying bumblebees. We found that neonicotinoid consumption differentially impacted learning of floral stimuli, impairing scent, but not colour, learning. These findings raise questions about the mechanisms by which pesticides might differentially impair sensory systems, with implications for how neonicotinoids affect multiple aspects of bee ecology.
Negative effects of neonicotinoids on male honeybee survival, behaviour and physiology in the field
<p>1. Agricultural chemicals such as neonicotinoid insecticides are believed to be one important factor responsible for the recent reduction in health of pollinating insects like the western honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>). However, effects of neonicotinoids on male (drone) honeybee health remain severely understudied.</p> <p>2. We examined for the first time the multi-dimensional effects of field-realistic concentrations of two common neonicotinoid insecticides (thiamethoxam and clothianidin) on drone honeybee survival, behaviour, and physiology using individuals reared and maintained as adults in the field.</p> <p>3. Our data showed that neonicotinoids reduced honeybee drone survival by 51%, increased drifting behaviour to non-maternal colonies by 100%, delayed flight activities by three days, and reduced number of living sperm by 28%. However, they did not influence the sperm concentration produced by the drones, the strength of the drone's maternal colonies, or the total number of drones produced by those colonies.</p> <p>4. '<i>Policy implications'</i>: Our study demonstrated that neonicotinoids can elicit a diverse array of lethal (survival) and sub-lethal (behaviour, reproductive physiology) effects on male honeybees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) in the field. These findings should be considered by policy makers looking to adopt and implement science-based, holistic risk assessments to more comprehensively assess effects of chemicals on important ecosystem service providing insects like the honeybee. To date, risk assessment schemes do not specifically address potential effects on male bees.</p>
Dataset related to article "Neonicotinoid pesticides affect developing neurons in experi-mental mouse models and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural cultures and organoids"
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Neonicotinoid pesticides affect developing neurons in experi-mental mouse models and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural cultures and organoids
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