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87 results for “nest success”
Data from: Effects of fleas on nest success of Arctic barnacle geese: experimentally testing the mechanism
Parasites have detrimental effects on their hosts' fitness. Therefore, behavioural adaptations have evolved to avoid parasites or, when an individual is already in contact with a parasite, prevent or minimize infections. Such anti-parasite behaviours can be very effective, but can also be costly for the host. Specifically, ectoparasites can elicit strong host anti-parasite behaviours and interactions between fleas (Siphonaptera) and their hosts are one of the best studied. In altricial bird species, nest fleas can negatively affect both parent and offspring fitness components. However, knowledge on the effects of fleas on precocial bird species is scarce. Research on geese in the Canadian Arctic indicated that fleas have a negative impact on reproductive success. One possible hypothesis is that fleas may affect female incubation behaviour. Breeding females with many fleas in their nest may increase the frequency and/or duration of incubation breaks and could even totally desert their nest. The aim of our study was to 1) determine if a similar negative relationship existed between flea abundance and reproductive success in our study colony of Arctic breeding barnacle geese Branta leucopsis and 2) experimentally quantify if such effects could be explained by a negative effect of nest fleas on female behaviour. We compared host anti-parasite and incubation behaviour between experimentally flea-reduced and control nests using wildlife cameras and temperature loggers. We found that flea abundance was negatively associated with hatching success. We found little experimental support, however, for changes in behaviour of the breeding female as a possible mechanism to explain this effect.
Data from: Gone with the rain: negative effects of rainfall on male mating success in a nest-building arachnid
In nest-building species, offspring survival and reproductive success of parental individuals are strongly influenced by nest quality. Thus, quantifying the influence of abiotic conditions on nest integrity is important to predict the effects of weather variability on the fitness of parental individuals. Here we investigated how rainfall affects nest integrity and how nest integrity influences males' attractiveness and nest tenure. Our study species was the harvestman Quindina limbata, in which males build mud nests on fallen logs and protect the eggs against predators and fungi. Our dataset comprises 12 months of regular inspections of 149 nests in a Costa Rican rainforest. We found that almost 50% of the nests were destroyed by rainfall. The drag force caused by rainfall running on the fallen log surface negatively affected nest integrity. Fungi cover on nests was influenced by an interaction between rainfall and nest position on the fallen log. Irrespective of their body size, males in nests with high integrity received more eggs than males in nests with low integrity. Fungi cover did not influence the number of eggs received by the males. Finally, nest integrity and fungi cover did not affect nest tenure, but males that did not receive eggs for a long time tended to abandon their nests. Considering that intense rainfall occurs all year long in tropical forests, males should build their nests in protected sites that preserve nest structure. Protected sites may keep nest structure better preserved, improve offspring survival, attract more females, and increase males' reproductive success.
Collared pratincole nest success in Hungary
<p>Agricultural intensification has affected wildlife across Europe, triggering steep declines and regional extinctions of farmland birds. Effective conservation activities are essential for the preservation of biodiversity in an agricultural landscape, but current efforts have not succeeded in halting these declines. Here we investigate a ground-nesting shorebird, the collared pratincole, <em>Glareola</em> <em>pratincola</em>, which has shifted its habitat use in Central Europe over the last 20 years from alkaline grasslands to intensively managed agricultural fields. We show that nesting success was different between three agricultural habitat types, with the highest nesting success in fallow lands and the lowest in row crops. Nesting success was also associated with the timing of breeding and breeding density, as nests produced early in the breeding season and those in high-breeding-density areas hatched more successfully than those produced later in the season and at low density. We implemented direct conservation measures including marking nests and negotiating with farmers to avoid cultivating the field between nest markers, controlling nest predators, and, most recently, creating suitable nesting sites and foraging areas for pratincoles. As a result of these conservation actions, nest survival increased from 11.2% to 83.5% and the size of the breeding population increased from 13 to 56 pairs during 2012–2021. Thus, we show that agricultural landscapes can continue to provide important habitats, and targeted conservation actions have the potential to reverse the declines of farmland species.</p>
Case study data 2022: The effects of dune plant roots on loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nest success
<p>Sand dunes are supported by the extensive root systems of dune plants that anchor the dune and protect it from erosion. While all plants that grow on the dunes support their structure, invasive plants can outcompete native and non-native dune plants for resources such as nutrients, sunlight, and space to grow. During the summer, sea turtles lay nests on beaches and near dunes; however, their eggs and hatchlings are at risk of destruction and entrapment by dune plant root penetration. Dune plant roots can penetrate sea turtle nest cavities, thus decreasing the hatching success of the eggs and the emergence success of the hatchlings. The purpose of this project was to determine how plant roots impact loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta)</em> nest success on Casey Key, Sarasota County, Florida, USA, and to assess which factors affect plant root invasion. We predicted (1) a negative impact on loggerhead sea turtle nests by plant roots, (2) invasive plants have a larger impact than native or non-native plants, and (3) the distance from the dune affects whether roots will penetrate the nest. Data from nests excavated in 2022 were used to determine the extent of root penetration and species of plants were documented. Statistical models were used to identify which variables had the greatest effect on root penetration. The results of this study conclude that root presence in the nest cavity decreases both hatch and emergence success of hatchlings within the nest and that nests closer to the dune are more likely to have a higher proportion of root damage and lower hatch and emergence success. This study helps advance understanding of how and if invasive plants affect sea turtle reproductive success and helps inform coastal management aimed at conserving threatened loggerhead populations.</p>
Nesting success and nesting height in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper)
<p>When different introduced species across trophic levels (ectoparasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (<i>Camarhynchus pauper</i>), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos archipelago. <a name="_Hlk86223834">Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (N = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% </a>produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with Avian Vampire Fly larvae (<i>Philornis downsi</i>). We attributed the cause of death to Vampire Fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either <i>Asio flammeus galapagoensis</i> or <i>Crotophaga ani</i>) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and Black Rat (<i>Rattus rattus</i>) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of Vampire Fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators).</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Studer A, Cardoso de Sousa M, Barcena Goyena B (2018) Breeding biology and nest success of Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona (Aves: Formicariidae) in the Atlantic rainforest of northeastern Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e12906
Nests of Chamaeza campanisona found during the study period (1986–2016) with their respective characteristics : Data type: species data
FIG. 8 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success
FIG. 8. Daily rainfall (mm) during the 2018 incubation period and average 15-minute soil saturation (%) at the bottom (solid line) and top (dashed line) of turtle nests (red, n ¼ 6) and haphazard sites (gray, n ¼ 6).
FIG. 6 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success
FIG. 6. Mean (6 range) daily soil temperature (8C) at the depth of the nest chamber center during the 2018 incubation season for turtle nests (n ¼ 6, red) and paired haphazard sites (n ¼ 6, light gray).
FIG. 7 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success
FIG. 7. Diel soil temperature (8C) pattern for turtle nests (n ¼ 6, red line) and paired haphazard sites (n ¼ 6, gray line) measured hourly (points) at depths equivalent to the bottom (A) and top (B) of the nest chambers during the 2018 summer incubation period.
FIG. 2 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success
FIG. 2. Mean (695% confidence interval) hourly soil temperature (8C) at the depth of the nest chamber top (A) and bottom (B) for turtle nests during the 2018 (n ¼ 6) and 2019 (n ¼ 6) incubation period. Nest were laid in sites with a crevice (red line, n ¼ 3), ledge (gray line, n ¼ 5), or flat (black line, n ¼ 4) bedrock morphology.
FIG. 5 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success
FIG. 5. Mean (6 SE) soil saturation (%) recession curves after rainfall events for sections of the turtle nest cavities with 100% hatch success (red line, n ¼ 8) and 0% hatch success (gray line, n ¼ 9) during the 2018 and 2019 incubation periods (A). Mean (6 SE) soil saturation (%) recession curves after rainfall events for turtle nests (red line, n ¼ 6) and paired haphazard sites (gray line, n ¼ 6) during the 2018 incubation period (B).
FIG. 3 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success
FIG. 3. Predicted probability (695% confidence intervals) of turtle egg hatch success (n ¼ 105) in relation to mean daily soil temperature (8C) when variance of percent soil saturation during incubation was high (standard deviation of 20% saturation, gray) compared to low (standard deviation of 10% saturation, red). Mean daily incubation temperature is shown for each turtle egg and black circles represent sample size (1–3 eggs [small circle], 4–6 eggs [medium circle], or 7þ eggs [large circle]).
FIG. 1 in Multi-scale Assessment of Rock Barrens Turtle Nesting Habitat: Effects of Moisture and Temperature on Hatch Success
FIG. 1. In a rock barrens landscape in the eastern Georgian Bay region (A), turtles nest in shallow soil deposits underlain by bedrock which can be classified as having either a crevice (B), ledge (C), or flat (D) morphology.
Figure 31. Average annual percent hunting success for female Ageniella evansi Townes, 1957 in Biology and ecology of a deep cave nesting spider wasp, Ageniella evansi Townes, (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), in Arizona
Figure 31. Average annual percent hunting success for female Ageniella evansi Townes, 1957 at Arkenstone Cave based on daily data sets (N = 66). No full daily data sets exist for the years 2006– 2009, 2012 and 2015. *No spider returns were observed for full daily data sets in 2000 or 2005 due to the small female wasp population and reduced observation efforts.
Figure 2 in Nesting biology of Green-and-gold tanager (Tangara schrankii): unique traits for lowland reproductive success?
Figure 2. Egg and nestling of Green-and-gold Tanager (Tangara schrankii) found in Pantiacolla station. (a) Eggs, (b) newborn nestling, (c) 8-day-old nestling, (d) 10-day-old nestling, and (e) 14-day-old nestling. Jenny Muñoz took the egg photograph and Sebastian Pérez took the nestling photographs.
Figure 1 in Nesting biology of Green-and-gold tanager (Tangara schrankii): unique traits for lowland reproductive success?
Figure 1. Photographic characteristics of the Green-and-gold Tanager (Tangara schrankii) nest. (a) Nest built into epiphytic vegetation; the thick vegetation above the nest was so dense that the cup nest had the appearance of a dome nest, (b) cup nest, (c) nest layers. On the left is the most internal layer where the eggs stand, the one in the centre is the mid-layer and the one on the right is the outer layer.
Figure 5. Nestling feeding behaviour during the 15 in Nesting biology of Green-and-gold tanager (Tangara schrankii): unique traits for lowland reproductive success?
Figure 5. Nestling feeding behaviour during the 15-day nestling period, based on six nests monitored for a total of 30 days. (a) Hourly and (b) daily feeding trips.
Figure 4 in Nesting biology of Green-and-gold tanager (Tangara schrankii): unique traits for lowland reproductive success?
Figure 4. Nestling development based on 33 nestlings from 20 nests. (a) Tarsus growth rate, (b) wing growth rate, and (c) daily mass gain. Gray shading in the graphic represent a 95% confidence interval level.
Figure 3 in Nesting biology of Green-and-gold tanager (Tangara schrankii): unique traits for lowland reproductive success?
Figure 3. Incubation behaviour of the Green-and-gold Tanager (Tangara schrankii) throughout the incubation period, based on 32 nests monitored at the Tono and Pantiacolla stations between 2008 and 2014. (a) Nest attentiveness: the percentage of time the parents spent incubating the eggs during the daytime, 5:00–18:00. The centerline in the box plots represents the median of attentiveness, with the lower and upper box edges representing the 25th and 75th percentile, and, whiskers indicating the 95% interval. (b) On and offbouts durations were split into incubation stages with five-day intervals corresponding to early (days 1–5), middle (days 6–10), and late (days 11–15) stages. The backline represents the average ±1 SE.
Figure 3 in Variability of daily nest survival and breeding success in relation to characteristics of Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) nests
Figure 3. Relationships between nest diameter and breeding success in magpie breeding population in central Iran.
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