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Fig. 15 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 15. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov. showing variation in colour pattern. A. Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, India (photo: Naveen Joseph). B–C. Agumbe, Karnataka, India (photo: P. Gowri Shankar). D. Goa, India (photo: P. Gowri Shankar).

Fig. 7. Plate 7, figures 1–4 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 7. Plate 7, figures 1–4 from Fayrer (1872), depicting Ophiophagus elaps (Günther, 1858), and corresponding to Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) s. str., showing the body in dorsolateral view of an adult with a partially raised forebody. Also shown are line drawings of head in dorsal, ventral and lateral views.

Fig. 14 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 14. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. showing variations in colour pattern. A. Peninsular Malaysia (photo: Ahmad Khaldun Ismail). B. Java, Indonesia (photo: Nathan Rusli). C. Bali, Indonesia (photo: Shinta Sukum). D. East Malaysia (photo: P. Gowri Shankar).

Fig. 13 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 13. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) showing variations in colour pattern. A. Mizoram, India (photo: H.T. Lalremsanga). B. China (Adam Francis). C. Thailand (photo: P. Gowri Shankar). D. Andaman Islands, India (photo: Aaron Fernandes).

Fig. 11 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 11. Variation in dorsal bands in adults of the four species of Ophiophagus Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. A. O. kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov. B. O. hannah (Cantor, 1836). C. O. bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. D. O. salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov.

Fig. 10 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 10. View of dorsum of entire body of respective type specimens of species of Ophiophagus Günther, 1864. A. Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836), neotype, ♀ (ZSI 8292). B. Ophiophagus bungarus (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (RMNH 1334). C. Ophiophagus kaalinga Gowri Shankar, Das & Ganesh sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BNHS 3655). D. Ophiophagus salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CAS 61329).

Fig. 16 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

Fig. 16. Live unvouchered adults of Ophiophagus salvatana Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov. showing colouration. A. Entire. B. Head close-up profiles, Luzon, Philippines (both photos Emerson Sy).

Linked collectors and determiners for: Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5">https://gbif.org/dataset/a0f62e9a-3360-4076-92aa-b7c85ca34ce5</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Chocó-Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Chocó-Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/f5d4b2d7-0060-40c8-a527-09111ea2c286">https://bionomia.net/dataset/f5d4b2d7-0060-40c8-a527-09111ea2c286</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/f5d4b2d7-0060-40c8-a527-09111ea2c286">https://gbif.org/dataset/f5d4b2d7-0060-40c8-a527-09111ea2c286</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: The Cat-eyed Snakes of Madagascar: Phylogeny and Description of a New Species of Madagascarophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) from the Tsingy of Ankarana.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The Cat-eyed Snakes of Madagascar: Phylogeny and Description of a New Species of Madagascarophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) from the Tsingy of Ankarana". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/7cb9ff08-b69f-4a75-b5c9-64aeff699f40">https://bionomia.net/dataset/7cb9ff08-b69f-4a75-b5c9-64aeff699f40</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/7cb9ff08-b69f-4a75-b5c9-64aeff699f40">https://gbif.org/dataset/7cb9ff08-b69f-4a75-b5c9-64aeff699f40</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: The Cat-eyed Snakes of Madagascar: Phylogeny and Description of a New Species of Madagascarophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) from the Tsingy of Ankarana.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The Cat-eyed Snakes of Madagascar: Phylogeny and Description of a New Species of Madagascarophis (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae) from the Tsingy of Ankarana". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/3d206dab-587e-4305-85b2-65d7c6aab528">https://bionomia.net/dataset/3d206dab-587e-4305-85b2-65d7c6aab528</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/3d206dab-587e-4305-85b2-65d7c6aab528">https://gbif.org/dataset/3d206dab-587e-4305-85b2-65d7c6aab528</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Linked collectors and determiners for: A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A time relic: a new species of dwarf boa, Tropidophis Bibron, 1840 (Serpentes: Amerophidia), from the Upper Amazon Basin". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee">https://gbif.org/dataset/9333695a-96ff-4ffe-a639-b75433682bee</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Table 2 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

<p><b>Table 2.</b> Summary of measurements (range [n], in mm) of species of <i>Ophiophagus</i> Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. See ‘Terminology for character analysis’ for details. Abbreviations: BW = Midbody diameter; ED = Eye width; EYEN = Eye to nostril distance; EYES = Eye to snout distance; FL = Fang length from base; FW = Maximum fang width; HD = Head depth; HL = Head length; HW = Head width; IORB = Interorbital width; NOD = Nostril diameter; OCCL = Occipital length; ROSL = Rostral length; ROSW = Rostral width; SVL = Snout-vent length; TL = Tail length (if entire).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Characters</b></th><th><i>O. hannah</i> s. str.</th><th><i>O. bungarus</i> comb. nov.</th><th><i>O. kaalinga</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>O. salvatana</i> sp. nov.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>SVL</th><td>233.0–3276.0 (37)</td><td>330.0–3790.0 (65)</td><td>496.0–2660.0 (4)</td><td>1490.0–2565.0 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>TL</th><td>84.0–875 (37)</td><td>111.0–845.0 (61)</td><td>109.0–542.0 (3)</td><td>343.0–770.0 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>RTL range (mean)</th><td>21.7–26.4% (24.05%)</td><td>19.3–25.1% (22.20%)</td><td>18.0–19.9% (18.95%)</td><td>18.7–23.0% (20.85%)</td></tr><tr><th>BW</th><td>6.7–45.9 (55)</td><td>12.5–64.5 (36)</td><td>11.7–60.0 (4)</td><td>28.1–45.9 (3)</td></tr><tr><th>HL</th><td>13.3–79.2 (61)</td><td>16.0–76.6 (68)</td><td>50.9–74.6 (4)</td><td>36.2–70.8 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>HW</th><td>10.9–53.5 (59)</td><td>7.1–60.4 (70)</td><td>10.5–54.7 (5)</td><td>22.9–57.2 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>HD</th><td>6.6–48.4 (54)</td><td>6.7–76.0 (70)</td><td>22.8–37.2 (4)</td><td>14.8–36.7 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ED</th><td>3.7–10.5 (57)</td><td>4.1–9.8 (73)</td><td>4.2–9.7 (5)</td><td>6.3–11.1 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>EYES</th><td>4.4–27.6 (62)</td><td>5.2–26.3 (71)</td><td>18.5–25.2 (4)</td><td>12.1–21.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>EYEN</th><td>1.9–14.3 (62)</td><td>2.1–13.5 (71)</td><td>2.8–11.5 (5)</td><td>5.2–9.9 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>NOD</th><td>1.2–7.3 (61)</td><td>1.0–6.9 (71)</td><td>5.8–9.5 (4)</td><td>3.1–6.4 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ROSL</th><td>3.1–19.9 (61)</td><td>3.2–18.7 (71)</td><td>12.0–16.6 (4)</td><td>8.6–15.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>ROSW</th><td>1.7–9.7 (60)</td><td>2.0–8.8 (71)</td><td>6.1–8.0 (4)</td><td>4.8–7.6 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>IORB</th><td>5.9–34.2 (61)</td><td>7.5–12.3 (71)</td><td>23.4–31.8 (4)</td><td>14.8–25.9 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>OCCL</th><td>2.7–24.0 (61)</td><td>3.4–19.9 (71)</td><td>3.8–18.3 (5)</td><td>9.6–21.3 (5)</td></tr><tr><th>FL</th><td>0.10–10.10 (48)</td><td>0.13–13.60 (50)</td><td>7.10–8.50 (4)</td><td>4.50–12.00 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>FW</th><td>0.04–4.80 (45)</td><td>0.01–4.50 (50)</td><td>1.90–2.40 (4)</td><td>1.10–3.30 (4)</td></tr></tbody></table>

Table 1 in Taxonomic revision of the king cobra Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor, 1836) species complex (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae), with the description of two new species

<p><b>Table 1.</b> Summary of morphological characters associated with species of <i>Ophiophagus</i> Günther, 1864 recognised in this study. See ‘Terminology for character analysis’ for details. Note: pale dorsal bands are sometimes absent in adult <i>O. bungarus</i> (Schlegel, 1837) comb. nov. (in images of live specimens examined), and consistently absent in adult <i>O. salvatana</i> Gowri Shankar, Das & Wüster sp. nov. Further, juveniles of the latter show pale bands (in images of three live specimens examined; no voucher specimens of juvenile <i>O. salvatana</i> were available for study).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Characters</b></th><th><b>Statistics</b></th><th><i>O. hannah</i> s. str.</th><th><i>O. bungarus</i> comb. nov.</th><th><i>O. kaalinga</i> sp. nov.</th><th><i>O. salvatana</i> sp. nov.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Anterior dorsal scale rows (DSR1)</th><td>Mean</td><td>18.0</td><td>18.9</td><td>19.5</td><td>18.6</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>17–19</td><td>17–21</td><td>19–21</td><td>17–19</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>46</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Median dorsal scale rows (DSR2)</th><td>Mean</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Posterior dorsal scale rows (DSR3)</th><td>Mean</td><td>13.8</td><td>14.0</td><td>15.0</td><td>15.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>11–15</td><td>13–15</td><td>15–15</td><td>15–15</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>13</td><td>12</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Ventrals</th><td>Mean</td><td>244.0</td><td>250.12</td><td>247.8</td><td>251.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>226–267</td><td>253–268</td><td>241–251</td><td>247–256</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>58</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Subcaudals</th><td>Mean</td><td>89.0</td><td>106.8</td><td>88.0</td><td>93</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>80–112</td><td>71–125</td><td>86–90</td><td>74–112</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>57</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Precloacal</th><td>Mean</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td><td>1.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td><td>1–1</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>49</td><td>63</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th>Supralabials</th><td>Mean</td><td>6.9</td><td>7.0</td><td>7.4</td><td>7.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>6–7</td><td>7–7</td><td>7–8</td><td>7–7</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>68</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Infralabials</th><td>Mean</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td><td>8.0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>7–9</td><td>8–8</td><td>8–8</td><td>8–8</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>15</td><td>68</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Pale body bands</th><td>Mean</td><td>39.6</td><td>72.0</td><td>35.0</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>27–48</td><td>57–87</td><td>28–48</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>41</td><td>51</td><td>3</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Pterygoid teeth</th><td>Mean</td><td>19.3</td><td>11</td><td>12</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Range</td><td>18–21</td><td>11–11</td><td>12–12</td><td>11–11</td></tr><tr><td>(n)</td><td>12</td><td>9</td><td>4</td><td>6</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Fig. 5 in A New Species Of Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae) From Java, Indonesia

Fig. 5. Relation between head-length and SVL for Dendrelaphis underwoodi, new species, and D. cyanochloris.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2008View details →

Fig. 8 in A New Species Of Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae) From Java, Indonesia

Fig. 8. Ordination of Dendrelaphis underwoodi, new species, D. cyanochloris, D. formosus, D. humayuni, D. kopsteini and D. pictus along the first two canonical variates, based on nonlinear discriminant analysis of morphological and colouration characters.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2008View details →

Fig. 6 in A New Species Of Dendrelaphis (Serpentes: Colubridae) From Java, Indonesia

Fig. 6. Ordination of Dendrelaphis underwoodi, new species, D. cyanochloris and D. formosus along the canonical variates, based on linear discriminant analysis of morphological characters.

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Fig. 4 in A new species of Lycodon Boie, 1826 (Serpentes: Colubridae) from central Laos

Fig. 4. Lateral head view of the adult male holotype of Lycodon banksi sp. nov. (VNUF R.2015.20). Drawing by T. Ziegler.

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Fig. 1 in A new species of Lycodon Boie, 1826 (Serpentes: Colubridae) from central Laos

Fig. 1. Bayesian cladogram based on the partial cytochrome b gene. Numbers above and below branches are bootstrap values of MP/ ML analyses (>50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively. Asterisk denotes 100% value.