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74 results for “niche divergence”
Data from: Functional and population genomic divergence within and between two species of killifish adapted to different osmotic niches
Adaptation to salinity affects species distributions, promotes speciation, and guides many evolutionary patterns in fishes. To uncover the basis of a complex trait like osmoregulation, genome-level analyses are sensible. We combine population genomic scans with genome expression profiling to discover candidate genes and pathways associated with divergence between osmotic environments. We compared transcriptome sequence divergence between multiple freshwater and saltwater populations of the rainwater killifish, Lucania parva. We also compared sequence divergence between L. parva and its sister species, Lucania goodei, a freshwater specialist. We found highly differentiated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between freshwater and saltwater L. parva populations in cell junction and ion transport genes, including V-type H+ ATPase. Between species, we found divergence in reproduction and osmotic stress genes. Genes that were differentially expressed between species during osmotic acclimation included genes involved in ion transport and cell volume regulation. Gene sets that were divergent in coding sequence and divergent in expression did not overlap, although they did converge in function. Like many studies using genomic scans, our approach may miss some loci that contribute to adaptation but have complicated patterns of allelic variation. Our study suggests that gene expression and coding sequence may evolve independently as populations adapt to a complex physiological challenge.
Data from: Niche divergence promotes rapid diversification of East African sky island white-eyes (Aves: Zosteropidae)
The Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot composed of highly fragmented forested highlands (sky islands) harbours exceptional diversity and endemicity, particularly within birds. To explain their elevated diversity within this region, models founded on niche conservatism have been offered, although detailed phylogeographic studies are limited to a few avian lineages. Here we focus on the recent songbird genus Zosterops, represented by montane and lowland members, to test the roles of niche conservatism versus niche divergence in the diversification and colonization of East Africa's sky islands. The species-rich white-eyes are a typically homogeneous family with an exceptional colonizing ability, but in contrast to their diversity on oceanic islands, continental diversity is considered depauperate and has been largely neglected. Molecular phylogenetic analysis reveals extensive polyphyly among different montane populations of Z. poliogastrus with these larger and heavier endemic populations more closely related to taxa with divergent habitat types, altitudinal distributions and dispersal abilities than they are to populations of restricted endemics that occur in neighbouring montane forest fragments. This repeated transition between lowland and highland habitats over time demonstrate that diversification of the focal group is explained by niche divergence. The results also highlight an underestimation of diversity compared to morphological studies that has implications for their taxonomy and conservation. Molecular dating suggests that the spatially extensive African radiation arose exceptionally rapidly (1-2.5 Ma) during the fluctuating Plio-Pleistocene climate, which may have provided the primary driver for lineage diversification.
Figure 6. Identity test between L. laeta and L in Ecological niche divergence between the brown recluse spiders Loxosceles laeta and L. surca (Sicariidae) in Chile
Figure 6. Identity test between L. laeta and L. surca in Chile. The expected niche area is significantly out of the observed niche between them.
Figure 4 in Ecological niche divergence between the brown recluse spiders Loxosceles laeta and L. surca (Sicariidae) in Chile
Figure 4. Environmental suitability map for Loxosceles surca and Loxosceles laeta under Maxent algorithm. Colours represent different ranges of probabilities of presence (high probability: 0.75– 1.0). (a) Potential distribution of Loxosceles surca. (b) Potential distribution of Loxosceles laeta.
Figure 5 in Ecological niche divergence between the brown recluse spiders Loxosceles laeta and L. surca (Sicariidae) in Chile
Figure 5. Precipitations and annual mean temperatures both Loxosceles laeta and Loxosceles surca records. (a) Histogram of the frequency of precipitation of warmest quarter period, constructed from the known distribution of both species. (b) Histogram of the frequency of annual mean temperature, constructed from the known distribution of both species.
Figure 1 in Ecological niche divergence between the brown recluse spiders Loxosceles laeta and L. surca (Sicariidae) in Chile
Figure 1. Location records for two species of Loxosceles showing the range overlap in northern of Chile; L. laeta (blue circles) and L. surca (red triangles).
Figure 2 in Ecological niche divergence between the brown recluse spiders Loxosceles laeta and L. surca (Sicariidae) in Chile
Figure 2. Loxosceles surca in northern of Chile. (a) Habitat where the spiders were found. (b) Live female specimen of the Loxosceles surca, Altos de Pica, Chile. (Photography: William H. Piel).
Figure 3 in Ecological niche divergence between the brown recluse spiders Loxosceles laeta and L. surca (Sicariidae) in Chile
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of an alignment of COI and 28S sequences from Loxosceles species. The digits by each clade indicate percent bootstrap support based on 1,000 replicates. The species groups, as delineated by Gertsch (1967), are indicated by boxes enclosing clades. Continental biogeographic history is estimated using common-sense inference based on contemporary species distributions and is indicated in the figure using branch colours.
Data from: Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive and native fishes in wild communities are predictable from mesocosm studies
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Data from: Lineage diversification in a widespread species: roles for niche divergence and conservatism in the Common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula
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Data from: Niche divergence versus neutral processes: combined environmental and genetic analyses identify contrasting patterns of differentiation in recently diverged pine species
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Data from: The importance (or lack thereof) of niche divergence to the maintenance of a northern species complex: the case of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird)
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Data from: Niche and range size patterns suggest that speciation begins in small, ecologically diverged populations in North American monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.)
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Data from: Carnivory maintains cranial dimorphism between males and females: evidence for niche divergence in extant Musteloidea
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Data from: Niche divergence by deep-sea octocorals in the genus Callogorgia across the continental slope of the Gulf of Mexico
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Data from: Distinct niche divergence characterizes the homoploid hybrid speciation of Pinus densata on the Tibetan Plateau
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Data from: Environmental niche divergence between genetically distant lineages of an endangered water beetle
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Data from: The effect of range overlap on ecological niche divergence depends on spatial scale in monkeyflowers
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Data from: Temperature niche shift observed in a Lepidoptera population under allochronic divergence
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Data from: Functional and population genomic divergence within and between two species of killifish adapted to different osmotic niches
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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