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929 results for “nitrate”
Data and scripts belonging to "Time lags of nitrate, chloride, and tritium in streams assessed by dynamic groundwater flow tracking in a lowland landscape"
<p>Data and scripts belonging to Kaandorp et al., 2021 "Time lags of nitrate, chloride, and tritium in streams assessed by dynamic groundwater flow tracking in a lowland landscape". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. </p>
Data to accompany "Stable isotope ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the influence of Pacific water along the northwest Atlantic margin".
<p>This dataset accompanies the article by Owen A. Sherwood, Samuel H. Davin, Nadine Lehmann, Carolyn Buchwald, Evan N. Edinger, Moritz F. Lehmann, and Markus Kienast: "Stable isotope ratios in seawater nitrate reflect the influence of Pacific water along the northwest Atlantic margin", Biogeosciences, 18, 1–20, 2021. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-45">https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-45</a>.</p> <p>The dataset comprises nutrient concentrations and nitrate isotope ratios for “bottle” samples of seawater collected by CTD/Rosette from 25 stations along the northwest Atlantic Ocean, from the Labrador shelf to northern Baffin Bay. Seawater physical properties measured by CTD are also provided for the depths at which bottle samples were collected. The complete sampling and analytical methods are provided in the accompanying article. </p>
Southeast Atlantic nitrate isotope data from winter 2017
<p>These data are a compilation of nitrogen (d15N) and oxygen (d18O) isotope measurements of nitrate from 0 to 1000m, from across the southeast section of the SAMBA transect (34.5°S, spanning 0 - 17.8°E). Samples were collected on board the R/V S.A. Agulhas II between 17 - 27 July 2017 (austral winter) using a Niskin bottle rosette and include samples taken from within an Agulhas Ring. The data help characterize the isotopic composition of southeast Atlantic water masses, and are useful in providing an overview of the dynamics of nitrogen cycling in the region.</p>
Data and statistical analysis scripts for manuscript on pennycress roots & response to nitrate using 3D gel system
<p>Data and statistical analysis scripts for manuscript on pennycress roots & response to nitrate using 3Dgel system</p> <blockquote> <p><strong>A temporal analysis and response to nitrate availability of 3D root system architecture in diverse pennycress (<em>Thlaspi arvense</em> L.) accessions</strong> - [<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1145389">https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1145389</a>]</p> </blockquote> <p>The following files contains:</p> <ul> <li><code>gel_data_preprocessing_20221024.R</code> - R statistics script for pre-processing data files from 3Dgel system GIARoots & DynamicRoots raw output</li> <li><code>gel_dataprocessing_20221229.R</code> - R statistics script for data processing of pre-processed 3D gel data</li> <li><code>TaGNS_N_Spring32.zip</code> - CSV data files and R statistics script for Spring32 grown under high, low, trace and zero N treatments.</li> <li><code>TaGNE_N_Accessions.zip</code> - CSV data files and R statistics script for 3 accessions under high and trace N treatments.</li> <li><code>TaGAA_N_Accessions.zip</code> - CSV data files and R statistics script for 24 diverse pennycress lines grown under high N conditions.</li> </ul>
Figs 7–8. Silver nitrate-stained Turkonalassus quercanus meiotic chromosomes. 7 in Cytogenetic analysis on Turkonalassus quercanus Keskin, Nabozhenko et Alpagut-Keskin, 2017 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini)
Figs 7–8. Silver nitrate-stained Turkonalassus quercanus meiotic chromosomes. 7 – Xyp sex bivalent in male MI plate (arrow indicates argyrophilic sex bivalent); 8 – a prominent nucleolus associated with one of the medium sized chromosomes, and pericentromeric heterochromatin regions seen as smaller dots in prophase I chromosomes. Scale bars 5 µm. Рис. 7–8. Мейотические хромосомы Turkonalassus quercanus, окашенные нитратом серебра. 7 – поΛовой биваΛент Xyp на пΛастинке MI самца (стреΛка указывает на аргирофиΛьный поΛовой биваΛент); 8 – заметное яΑрышко, связанное с оΑной из хромосом среΑнего размера, и перицентромерные обΛасти гетерохроматина в виΑе боΛее меΛких точек в хромосомах профазы I. Масштабные Λинейки 5 µm.
Data for: Observed declines in upper ocean phosphate-to-nitrate availability
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Monthly nitrate concentrations in the Des Moines River above Saylorville Reservoir, 1976 - 2016
Regular water quality sampling occurs along the Des Moines River from upstream of the Saylorville Reservoir to below the dam at Red Rock Reservoir. The data included in this data set are the mean monthly nitrate concentrations and flow from the sampling station upstream of Saylorville Reservoir from 1976-2016. This dataset is to accompany paper in review: "Beyond the trends: The need to understand multi-annual dynamics in aquatic ecosystems" (Limnology and Oceanography Letters)
Contrasting stream nitrate and sulfate response to recovery from experimental watershed acidification 1988 - 2018
This is the data archive for the corresponding publication with the same title (doi: 10.1007/s10533-020-00711-5). Improvements in air quality have led to ecosystem recovery from acidic deposition, but the mechanisms and trajectories of this recovery are not fully understood. Here, we present long-term stream response and recovery data for paired watersheds at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) during declining ambient SO4 and NO3 in precipitation. East Bear (EB) received ambient deposition from 1989 to 2018; West Bear (WB) received artificially elevated N+S from 1989 to 2016. The WB treatment was discontinued after 2016, the beginning of the recovery from both the experimental N+S and ambient decline. Stream SO4 in WB gradually declined after the treatment ended, from ~147 μeq L-1 in 2010-16 to ~126 μeq L-1 in 2017-18. The declining S inputs induced desorption of SO4 from soil phase surfaces, with stream loss far exceeding precipitation input. At the current rate of recovery, it will be many decades before the WB stream returns to pre-treatment SO4 concentrations. In contrast, NO3 is only weakly adsorbed in soil, and WB stream NO3 concentrations rapidly declined from ~39 μeq L-1 in 2010-16 to ~5 μeq L-1 in 2017-18, comparable to the N-limited EB stream. The acid anions are strongly coupled to base cation chemistry in streams, and there was a distinct hysteretic response of Ca and Mg to the chronic acidification, as (Ca+Mg) increased rapidly during the initial years, followed by declining values due to depletion of the soil exchange complex. This 30-year monitoring study (1989-2019) provides insights into recovery mechanisms from acidic deposition and highlights the role of abiotic processes in soil that mediate nutrient cycling and retention. Documenting the rapid response of N alongside the slower recovery for S identifies the temporal resolution necessary for other whole-watershed recovery studies.
Seeing the light: nitrate spiraling and hydrogeomorphic characteristics of restored and unrestored streams in the Baltimore, MD region.
The continually increasing global population residing in urban landscapes impacts numerous ecosystem functions and services provided by urban streams. Urban stream restoration is often employed to offset these impacts and conserve or enhance the various functions and services these streams provide. Despite the assumption that ‘if you build it, [the function] will come’, current understanding of the effects of urban stream restoration on stream ecosystem functions are based on short term studies which may not capture variation in restoration effectiveness over time. We quantified the impact of stream restoration on nutrient and energy dynamics of urban streams by studying 10 urban stream reaches (five restored, five unrestored) in the Baltimore, Maryland, USA, region over a two-year period. We measured gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) at the whole-stream scale continuously throughout the study and nitrate (NO3-N) spiraling rates seasonally (spring, summer, autumn) across all reaches. There was no significant restoration effect on NO3-N spiraling across reaches. However, there was a significant canopy cover effect on NO3-N spiraling, and directly comparing paired sets of unrestored-restored reaches showed that restoration does affect NO3-N spiraling after accounting for other environmental variation. Furthermore, there was a change in GPP:ER seasonality, with restored and open-canopied reaches exhibiting higher GPP:ER during summer. The restoration effect, though, appears contingent upon altered canopy cover, which is likely to be a temporary effect of restoration and is a driver of multiple ecosystem services, e.g., habitat, riparian nutrient processing. Our results suggest that decision-making about stream restoration, including evaluations of nutrient benefits, clearly needs to consider spatial and temporal dynamics of canopy cover and tradeoffs among multiple ecosystem services. Here we provide site descriptions and nitrate spiraling d
Soil Ammonium and Nitrate rates in and out of the Moose Exclosures on the Tanana River Floodplain , Fall 2001
Soil ammonium and nitrate rates were sampled both inside and out of the moose exclosures located on the Tanana River Floodplain. Samples were collected in the fall of 2001.
Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW): 15 min stream temperature and chemistry (nitrate-N, fDOM, specific conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, PAR) from May-Sept 2017
This dataset contains 15 min stream temperature and chemistry (nitrate-N, fDOM, specific conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen) of streams draining the C2, C3, P6, and C4 subcatchments of the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW). Photosynthetic active radiation at the stream surface is also provided. Data is given in tidy format: each variable forms 1 column, each 15-min observation forms 1 row, and data is sortable by site and timestamp.
Nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes of nitrate from CalCOFI lines 80 and 93 plus station 081.8 046.9. Collected on cruises from 2010 to 2016.
Stable isotopes of nitrate were measured on CalCOFI cruises from 2010-2016 from lines 80 and 93 plus station 081.8 046.9. Samples were filtered directly from the CTD and then frozen until analysis. Samples collected from 2010-2012 were analyzed in the Sigman Lab at Princeton University. Samples collected from 2013-2016 were analyzed in the Wankel Lab at Woods Hole Oceanographic Insititution. Five samples from station 081.8 046.9 (the Santa Barbara Basin) were further analyzed for nitrogen isotopes of nitrite in the Wankel Lab.
Nitrate Isotopic Composition, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Watershed 3, 2011
Despite decades of measurements, the nitrogen balance of temperate forest catchments remains poorly understood. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition often greatly exceeds streamwater nitrogen losses; the fate of the remaining nitrogen is highly uncertain. Gaseous losses of nitrogen to denitrification are especially poorly documented and are often ignored. Here, we provide isotopic evidence (δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3) from shallow groundwater at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest indicating extensive denitrification during midsummer, when transient, perched patches of saturation developed in hillslopes, with poor hydrological connectivity to the stream, while streamwater showed no isotopic evidence of denitrification. During small rain events, precipitation directly contributed up to 34% of streamwater nitrate, which was otherwise produced by nitrification. Together, these measurements reveal the importance of denitrification in hydrologically disconnected patches of shallow groundwater during midsummer as largely overlooked control points for nitrogen loss from temperate forest catchments. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Longitudinal surveys of stream nitrate concentrations, W1, W3, and W6, Summer 2015
Detailed surveys of stream nitrate concentrations in the calcium-enriched (W1), hydrologic reference (W3), and biogeochemical reference (W6) watersheds were performed in the summer of 2015 with the goal of identifying "hotspots" of NO3- inflows into streams. Additional details on methods and analysis can be found at: Marinos, R. E., Campbell, J. L., Driscoll, C. T., Likens, G. E., McDowell, W. H., Rosi, E. J., Rustad, L. E., & Bernhardt, E. S. (2018). Give and Take: A Watershed Acid Rain Mitigation Experiment Increases Baseflow Nitrogen Retention but Increases Stormflow Nitrogen Export. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(22), 13155–13165. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b03553 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the US Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole sediment core incubations from a fertilized (Sweeney) and reference (West) creek in the Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts.
Salt marsh ecosystems serve as critical nutrient filters by removing reactive nitrogen (N) through denitrification. We examined the influence of long-term fertilization on N transformation and removal in a salt marsh tidal creek ecosystem fringing the Plum Island Sound estuary in northern Massachusetts, USA. Sediment oxygen demand was within the range of other marsh systems (1271.9 to 7855.0 µmol m-2 h-1) and was not significantly different between the fertilized and reference creek. Net N2 fluxes ranged from net N fixation of -402.7 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the reference creek to net denitrification of 524.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the fertilized creek. Net N2 flux and nitrate uptake were significantly higher in the fertilized creek, and in both creeks, net denitrification appeared to be nitrate limited. We calculated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and found it to be significantly higher in the fertilized creek, representing 45 and 11% of the total nitrate uptake in the fertilized and reference creeks, respectively. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between ammonium and nitrite fluxes in both creeks. These results suggest that DNRA may outcompete denitrification at high nitrate concentrations. Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading may therefore have a detrimental effect on the N removal capacity of salt marsh ecosystems. (From: Vieillard and Fulweiler (2012) Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 11-22. DOI:10.3354/meps10013).
Water column nitrate and ammonium concentrations, sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole core incubations, Rowley River, Rowley, MA.
Tidal flats are critical components of coastal estuarine ecosystems characterized by high rates of benthic primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling. In order to investigate the impact of anthropogenic nutrient loading on tidal flat biogeochemistry we carried out a two-week fertilization experiment. Throughout the course of the study we conducted two light-dark, whole-core incubations and took measurements of three indicators of microphytobenthos activity in addition to quantifying the resident eastern mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) population.
SBC LTER: OCEAN: Temperature to Nitrate Lookup Tables for the Southern California Bight
This dataset is the temperature and nitrate lookup table in the southern California Bight. The temperature and nitrate measurements were compiled from three campaigns in the Southern California Bight. The temperature and nitrate data were binned in different regions (onshore, offshore, northern, central, southern, and all regions) and seasons (summer, winter, all season) for generating the lookup table. See method for details. Please cite the following publication: Snyder, J. N., Bell, T. W., Siegel, D. A., Nidzieko, N. J., & Cavanaugh, K. C. (2020). Sea Surface Temperature Imagery Elucidates Spatiotemporal Nutrient Patterns for Offshore Kelp Aquaculture Siting in the Southern California Bight, 7(22), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00022
Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogenfixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation
<p>Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is, therefore, worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one (Hamiltonella defensa, Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF)) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated (NI)). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 (PR1) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI), respective marker for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.</p>
A non‐steady state model based on dual nitrogen and oxygen isotopes to constrain moss nitrate uptake and reduction
<p><span><span>Epilithic mosses are early colonizers of the terrestrial biosphere, constitute a special ecosystem regulating rock-atmosphere interactions, and may be more restricted in their nitrogen (N) supply than other mosses.<sup> </sup>Terrestrial mosses can take up nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), a major form of bioavailable N, from soil substrates. However, the importance of substrate NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> relative to atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> remains unclear in moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> utilization. This has prevented the understanding of moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> dynamics and its responses to environmental N loadings. Here we investigated the monthly concentrations, δ<sup>15</sup>N, and δ<sup>18</sup>O of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in four epilithic moss species from August, 2006 to August, 2007 in Guiyang, southwestern China. We developed a non-steady state isotope mass-balance model based on dual N and O isotopes to evaluate fractional contributions of atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (<i>Ф</i><sub>atm</sub>) and soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (<i>Ф</i><sub>soil</sub>), moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake flux (<i>F</i><sub>influx</sub>), moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction flux (<i>F</i><sub>reduction</sub>), and the percentage of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction in total NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake of mosses (expressed as <i>f</i><sub>reduced</sub>). Monthly <i>Ф</i><sub>soil</sub> values averaged 53 ± 13% and monthly <i>f</i><sub>reduced</sub> values averaged 50 ± 35%. Both monthly<i> F</i><sub>reduction</sub> and <i>f</i><sub>reduced</sub> values increased with monthly <i>F</i><sub>influx</sub> values, particularly when <i>Ф</i><sub>soil</sub> values were higher than <i>Ф</i><sub>atm</sub> values. However, the amount of annual NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction (219.7 ± 30.5 μg-N/g, dw) accounted for only 1.0 ± 0.2% in bulk N of mosses. We conclude that half of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in epilithic mosses is derived from soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> uptake from soil induces moss NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction, but the total NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> assimilation contributed a low fraction to total N of study mosses. These findings are important for understanding N sources and dynamics in terrestrial mosses.</span></span></p>
Data from: Partitioning between atmospheric deposition and canopy microbial nitrification into throughfall nitrate fluxes in a Mediterranean forest
1. Microbial activity plays a central role in nitrogen (N) cycling, with effects on forest productivity. Though N bio-transformations, such as nitrification, are known to occur in the soil, here we investigate whether nitrifiers are present in tree canopies and actively process atmospheric N. 2. This study was conducted in a Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) forest in Spain during the transition from hot dry summer to cool wet winter. We quantified NH4+—N and NO3-—N fluxes for rainfall (RF) and throughfall (TF) and used δ15N, δ18O, and Δ17O to elucidate sources of NO3-. Finally, we characterized microbial communities and abundance of nitrifiers on foliage, RF and TF water through metabarcoding and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, respectively. 3. NO3—N fluxes at the site were larger in TF than RF, suggesting a contribution from dry deposition, as also supported by δ15N and δ18O. However, Δ17O indicated that about 20% of NO3- in TF derived from canopies nitrification in August, after a severe drought, with a lower proportion in September (≈ 8%). This seasonal partitioning between biologically and atmospherically derived NO3- coincided with a decreasing trend of the abundance of archaeal nitrifiers. Tree canopies and TF had more diverse microbial communities than RF. Yet, RF showed higher variability in microbial composition, likely associated to the origin of air masses. 4. Synthesis. Atmospheric N deposition is significantly altered after passing through tree canopies. While nitrification has been proposed as one of the mechanisms responsible for these changes, very few studies directly investigate its occurrence. Here, we showed that nitrification by epiphytic leaf microbes contributed to increasing NO3 in TF and that nitrifiers' activity was reduced going from the dry and hot summer to the cool winter. Overall, these results highlight the power of coupling microbial community analysis, functional gene amplification and stable isotope approaches to examine ecosystem-scale processes.
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