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2,582 results for “nitrogen”
PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Nitrogen In Situ Measurements
<p>This dataset contains measurements of in situ nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from daily collections of whole seawater at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques. Samples for measurements of nitrogen concentrations were collected by subsampling 250 mL aliquots of whole seawater into high density polyethylene bottles and freezing upright at -20°C until analysis onshore. Nitrate plus nitrite (NO₃⁻ + NO₂⁻) concentrations were measured colorimetrically using segmented flow on a SEAL Autoanalyzer III with a high resolution detector as described by Foreman et al. (2019). Total nitrogen concentrations were measured similarly, following overnight UV oxidation of the sample according to Foreman et al. (2019). NO₂⁻ concentrations were measured using the high sensitivity chemiluminescent method described by Dore and Karl (1996) and Foreman et al. (2016). Ammonium (NH₄⁺) concentrations were determined using the high sensitivity fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999). For each analysis, reported values are the average of technical duplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC.</p>
PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen Timecourse Incubations
<p>This dataset contains measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by filtering 4 L of seawater from polycarbonate incubation bottles onto pre-combusted 25 mm glass fiber filters (GF/F, Whatman) under positive pressure. Filters were then transferred to polystyrene Petri dishes lined with pre-combusted aluminum foil and stored at -20°C until analysis onshore. Filters were then analyzed by high temperature combustion using an Exeter CE-440 Elemental Analyzer according to Grabowski et al. (2019). Particulate carbon concentrations are measurements of total particulate carbon, including both organic and inorganic carbon. Timestamp is in UTC.</p>
PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen In Situ Measurements
<p>This dataset contains measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from daily collections of whole seawater at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques. Samples for measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations were collected by filtering 4 L of whole seawater onto pre-combusted 25 mm glass fiber filters (GF/F, Whatman) under positive pressure. Filters were then transferred to polystyrene Petri dishes lined with pre-combusted aluminum foil and stored at -20°C until analysis onshore. Particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations were then determined by high temperature combustion using an Exeter CE-440 Elemental Analyzer according to Grabowski et al. (2019). Particulate carbon concentrations are measurements of total particulate carbon, including both organic and inorganic carbon. Timestamp is in UTC.</p>
PARAGON 1 - KM2112 - Nitrogen Timecourse Incubations
<p>This dataset contains measurements of nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 1 expedition (KM2112) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of nitrogen concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by subsampling 250 mL aliquots from polycarbonate incubation bottles into high density polyethylene bottles and freezing upright at -20°C until analysis onshore. Nitrate plus nitrite (NO₃⁻ + NO₂⁻) concentrations were measured colorimetrically using segmented flow on a SEAL Autoanalyzer III with a high resolution detector as described by Foreman et al. (2019). Total nitrogen concentrations were measured similarly, following overnight UV oxidation of the sample according to Foreman et al. (2019). NO₂⁻ concentrations were measured using the high sensitivity chemiluminescent method described by Dore and Karl (1996) and Foreman et al. (2016). Ammonium (NH₄⁺) concentrations were determined using the high sensitivity fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999). For each analysis, reported values are the average of technical duplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC. Version 2 corrects formatting errors in the timestamp. </p>
PARAGON 2 - KM2209 - Nitrogen Timecourse Incubations
<p>This dataset contains measurements of nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 2 expedition (KM2209) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of nitrogen concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by subsampling 250 mL aliquots from polycarbonate incubation bottles into high density polyethylene bottles and freezing upright at -20°C until analysis onshore. Nitrate plus nitrite (NO₃⁻ + NO₂⁻) concentrations were measured colorimetrically using segmented flow on a SEAL Autoanalyzer III with a high resolution detector as described by Foreman et al. (2019). Total nitrogen concentrations were measured similarly, following overnight UV oxidation of the sample according to Foreman et al. (2019). NO₂⁻ concentrations were measured using the high sensitivity chemiluminescent method described by Dore and Karl (1996) and Foreman et al. (2016). Ammonium (NH₄⁺) concentrations were determined using the high sensitivity fluorometric method of Holmes et al. (1999). For each analysis, reported values are the average of technical duplicate measurements from each sample. Timestamp is in UTC.</p>
PARAGON 2 - KM2209 - Particulate Carbon and Nitrogen Timecourse Incubations
<p>This dataset contains measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations collected during the PARAGON 2 expedition (KM2209) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Measurements come from time-course incubation experiments initiated with whole seawater collected at 150 m using trace metal clean techniques and modified with various additions of organic carbon, iron, and/or nitrogen. Samples for measurements of particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations were collected at multiple time points for each experimental biological replicate by filtering 4 L of seawater from polycarbonate incubation bottles onto pre-combusted 25 mm glass fiber filters (GF/F, Whatman) under positive pressure. Filters were then transferred to polystyrene Petri dishes lined with pre-combusted aluminum foil and stored at -20°C until analysis onshore. Filters were then analyzed by high temperature combustion using an Exeter CE-440 Elemental Analyzer according to Grabowski et al. (2019). Particulate carbon concentrations are measurements of total particulate carbon, including both organic and inorganic carbon. Timestamp is in UTC.</p>
NEON soil inorganic nitrogen measurements 2017-2020, derived data and code for Earth's Future manuscript
Nitrogen (N) is a key limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems, but there remain critical gaps in our ability to predict and model controls on soil N cycling. This may be in part due to lack of standardized sampling across broad spatial-temporal scales. In a paper submitted for publication in Earth's future, we introduce a continentally distributed, publicly available dataset collected by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) that can help fill these gaps. To overcome methodological challenges and generate a standardized dataset, we produced a derived data version of soil inorganic N pools and net N transformation rate tables, which accounts for nitrite contamination in blanks. This derived dataset is then used to evaluate sources of variation within the NEON sampling design with mixed effects models, and we also compare measured net N mineralization to simulated fluxes from the Community Earth System Model 2 (CESM2).
Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) and denitrification (acetylene block) data from streams across ecoclimatic domains in the United States, 2017-2019
We conducted a cross-ecoregion study to test the hypothesis that N-fixation and denitrification would co-occur in streams and rivers across a range of reactive N concentrations. Between 2017 and 2019, we sampled 30 streams in 13 ecoregions, using chambers to quantify N-fixation using acetylene reduction and denitrification using acetylene block. 25 of the study streams were part of the National Ecological Observatory Network or the StreamPULSE network, which provided data on water temperature, light, nutrients, discharge and metabolism. Although N-fixation and denitrification occur under contrasting environmental conditions, we found that they co-occurred in ca. 40% of stream ecosystems surveyed, and microbes capable of carrying out each process were found in all surveyed streams. This dataset includes the chamber data used to calculate nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates, stream substrate information used to scale rates from substrate to whole-reach scale, and a variety of reach-to-landscape scale covariates used to evaluate predictors of rates across the study streams.
Within-plant coexistence of viruses across nitrogen and phosphorus supply rates
Most species can be coinfected by multiple pathogens that may interact through shared resources (i.e., resource competition) or the host immune system (i.e., apparent competition). Community theory developed for free-living organisms suggests that coinfecting pathogens can persist if they satisfy the mutual invasion criterion of coexistence, establishing infections in hosts that are already infected. Furthermore, the likelihood of coexistence may depend on host nutrition which can affect shared resources and host immunity. Here we apply the novel approach of combining a dynamical model and experimental mutual invasibility trials to explore the effects of host nutrient supply on the coexistence of two viral plant pathogens. We focus on among-pathogen interactions mediated by shared resources. First, we used a model to generate hypotheses about how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply rates affect the ability of two plant viruses to invade established infections of the other virus. Then, we experimentally manipulated the N and P supplied to oats (Avena sativa) in a growth chamber experiment and tested mutual invasion of two RNA viral pathogens, BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV. Nutrient supplies ranged from rates that barely kept hosts alive up to high, but sub-toxic, rates. Model simulations suggested that the viruses were more likely to invade established infections either when they could replicate at lower N and P concentrations or when plant N and P concentrations increased due to a combination of nutrient supply rates and resident virus nutrient use. In the experiment, each virus successfully invaded hosts infected by the other and had consistent growth rates across N and P supply rates. Our results suggest that BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV can coexist across a wide range environmental nutrient supply, which is consistent with the high levels of co-occurrence of these two viruses in field populations.
Rates and controls of nitrogen fixation in post-fire lodgepole pine forests, Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, 2022
This dataset contains all the contents needed to reproduce the calculations and analyses done in the original paper associated with this dataset (Heumann et al. 2025 Ecology). The primary method used in this study was the Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) which measures the rate at which acetylene is reduced to ethylene in nitrogen-fixing organisms as a proxy for nitrogen fixation activity. We measured acetylene reduction rates in multiple cryptic niches (i.e., lichen, moss, pine litter, dead wood and mineral soil) in 34-year-old lodgepole pine stands in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to explore the rates, temporal patterns, and climate controls on cryptic N fixation. Thus the foundation of this dataset is ethylene production rate measurements. All the data tables in this dataset contain either measured ethylene production rates or estimates of N fixation scaled from those ethylene production rates. Included with this are various physical measurements (e.g. dry mass, moisture content, incubation temperatures) that we included in our analyses in order to either scale up rates of N fixation using biomass estimates from field sites or explore temperature and moisture relationships with nitrogen fixation activity under controlled conditions. Included with this dataset are three R studio scripts used to run the calculations and analyses reported in the manuscript publication from this study.
Field Evidence of Carbon and Nitrogen Stabilization through Mineral Associated Organic Matter Formation in Coastal Wetland Soils from Apalachicola, Florida, collected in June, 2022.
This data set was used to observe the role of Mineral Associated Organic Matter Formation (MAOM) on biogeochemical soil properties in three coastal wetlands in Apalachicola, Florida. One wetland was restored using beneficial dredged sediment, increasing the soil's inorganic matter content. Soil samples were collected in June 2022 from this wetland and two nearby reference wetlands: one with high organic matter and the other with higher inorganic matter content. The samples were analyzed at the University of Central Florida for biogeochemical properties to determine which properties were most related to MAOM pools.
Local scale carbon and nitrogen cycling in temperate forests, eastern U.S., 2017-2018
Data collected in 2017-2018 from individual mature canopy trees (and their surrounding soil) and from monospecific common garden plots to assess how aboveground and belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling are related. Data include foliar, litter, root, and soil carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes. Field sites span the eastern United States, including south-central Indiana (Moores Creek), Maryland (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center), Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania State University common garden), and Massachusetts (Harvard Forest).
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from Arctic coastscapes associated with coastal invertebrate and fish food webs, 1999-2022
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data are commonly used to elucidate food web structure and partition food source importance to consumers. Here, stable isotope data were gathered from across the coastal Arctic to assess how differences in coastal type (i.e., coastscape) and longitudinal region differ across the Arctic. Data were collected between 1999-2022.
Semi-Arid Grassland Nitrogen Addition Experiment: New Mexico, 2018-2021
This dataset contains field and laboratory incubation measurements from a four-year nutrient addition experiment (2018–2021) conducted in three adjacent (<5 km apart) Chihuahuan Desert grasslands near Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico, USA (32°10′31″N, 104°26′38″W). The three replicate grassland sites were dominated by different grass species: Bouteloua gracilis (“Native Grama” site), Muhlenbergia setifolia (“Native Muhly” site), and Eragrostis lehmanniana (“Invasive Lovegrass” site). The Native Grama and Invasive Lovegrass sites were located on recently deposited alluvial soils classified as Entisols (Ustic Torrifluvents), formed from gravelly alluvium derived from limestone. Soils at the Native Muhly site were classified as shallow Aridisols formed from colluvium and residuum weathered from limestone and dolomite. Plot soils at the Native Grama and Invasive Lovegrass sites were sandy loam, while soils at the Native Muhly site were loam. Pre-treatment soil chemistry (collected May 2018 at 0–5 cm depth) was relatively consistent across sites, with pH ranging from 7.6 to 7.8 and similar inorganic N concentrations. Experimental field plots at each site received annual additions of nitrogen (+2 or +4 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ as ammonium nitrate), carbon (+6 g m⁻² as sucrose), or no additions (ambient control). In 2020, a supplemental water treatment was applied only at the Native Grama site to simulate an additional 55 mm of rainfall during the monsoon season. Field data include measurements of soil chemistry (pH, inorganic nutrients, extractable organic C, total N), microbial biomass (C, N, P), extracellular enzyme activities, vegetation cover by functional group, species richness, Shannon diversity indices, and foliar chemistry (%C, %N, C:N ratios). Measurements were collected seasonally (pre-monsoon, monsoon, winter) or annually at peak biomass from 2018 through 2021. Laboratory incubations were conducted to complement field measurements. In 2019, a 30-day nitrogen t
Soil nitrogen availability and acidity: effects on aboveground production and belowground carbon allocation in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests (2009-2021)
In 2011, an experimental nitrogen x pH manipulation study was initiated in mid- and late-successional mixed temperate forests in central New York, USA to disentangle the often-confounded roles of nitrogen (N) and soil pH in driving various ecosystem processes. This data package contains forest productivity (wood, litterfall, and aboveground net primary production), total belowground carbon flux (TBCF), and leaf litterfall and fine root chemistry (C and N concentration) data collected from all experimental plots. It also includes plot-level, species-weighted estimates of measured and modeled photosynthesis (Anet) for the late-successional stands. Wood production, litterfall production, and litterfall chemistry data were collected between 2009 and 2019. Aboveground net primary production data are reported for a pre-treatment interval (2009-2011) and the interval including years 6-9 of experimental treatment (2016-2019). All other properties were measured between years 9 and 11 of the experiment (2019-2021).
The Biomass and Plant Functional Traits of Leymus chinensis Affected by Genotypic Diversity and Soil Nitrogen Addition through a Two-year Experiment, Tianjin, China, 2021-2023
In order to investigate the effects of soil nitrogen addition on the genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, 12 genotypes of Leymus chinensis were used as plant material and a two-factor experimental design was carried out in this study. Factor one was genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, including three levels: mono-genotype (G1), three genotypes (G3), and six genotypes (G6). Factor two was the soil nitrogen addition level, which included four levels: no nitrogen addition (N0), 2.5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N2.5), 5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N5), and 10 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N10). Each treatment had 12 combinations as replicates, and 12 genotypes of L. chinensis were used. The frequency of each genotype was standardized across all treatment levels of genotypic diversity × soil nitrogen addition. The experiment commenced in September 2021 and soil nitrogen was applied every 2 months. Plants were cultivated in the experimental field at Nankai University, but were moved to a greenhouse for overwintering from November to February each year. During the experiment, there were no stresses or disturbances such as shading, drought, or insect feeding; weeds were regularly removed.
Nitrogen Cycling and Environmental Data in Riparian Soils across Biomes
This dataset compiles soil nitrogen cycle data from riparian soils, sourced from peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2023. The selection process was based on three inclusion criteria: (1) studies measuring in-situ net nitrification rates in the top soil layer using the incubating bag technique, (2) studies reporting net nitrification rates from laboratory incubations without altering the initial nitrogen pool, and (3) studies providing field data on soil nitrogen concentrations, moisture, and temperature. The final dataset (D1) includes data from 174 riparian sites across four continents, with the majority of sites (86%) located in North America and Europe, while only 13 were located in the Southern hemisphere. For each site, we gathered data on net nitrification rates and key soil physicochemical properties, including bulk density, depth, moisture (expressed as water-filled pore space, WFPS), temperature, and ammonium and nitrate concentrations. The dataset includes 734 observations from 99 field sites and 120 observations from 45 laboratory-incubated sites. All publications from which data were used are list in dataset 2 (D2). This comprehensive dataset offers valuable insights into nitrogen dynamics in riparian soils, supporting further research into soil nitrogen cycling across diverse biomes and environmental conditions.
Effects of factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrient addition and Host Community on Fungal Endophyte Diversity at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Reserve, Minnesota, USA, 2014
The microbes contained within free-living organisms can alter host growth, reproduction, and interactions with the environment. In turn, processes occurring at larger scales determine the local biotic and abiotic environment of each host that may affect the diversity and composition of the microbiome community. Here, we examine variation in the diversity and composition of the foliar fungal microbiome in the grass host, Andropogon gerardii, across a factorial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition experiment in Minnesota, USA. We found limited evidence of direct effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity. Instead, the effects of nutrients on endophyte diversity appeared to be mediated by accumulation of plant litter and plant diversity loss. Specifically, nitrogen addition is associated with a 40% decrease in plant diversity and an 11% decrease in endophyte richness. Although nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium addition increased aboveground live biomass and decreased relative Andropogon cover, endophyte diversity did not covary with live plant biomass or Andropogon cover. Our results suggest that fungal endophyte diversity within this focal host is determined in part by the diversity of the surrounding plant community and its potential impact on immigrant propagules and dispersal dynamics. Our results suggest that elemental nutrients reduce endophyte diversity indirectly via impacts on the local plant community, not direct response to nutrient addition.
Soil and root-associated fungal response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition from grasslands worldwide: 2011-2012.
Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but the consequences of this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We found that nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed across four continents promoted the relative abundance of fungal pathogens, suppressed mutualists, but did not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggested that responses were often indirect and primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient addition also reduced co-occurrences within and among fungal guilds, which could have important consequences for belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots that received no nutrient addition, soil properties influenced pathogen abundance globally, whereas plant community characteristics influenced mutualists, and climate influenced saprotrophs. These guild-level responses enhance our ability to predict soil functional responses to anthropogenic eutrophication and the associated longer-term responses of plant communities to this important global change factor.
Mass per tiller, nitrogen concentration, stable isotope ratios for carbon and nitrogen from the 1980-82 Eriophorum vaginatum reciprocal transplant experiment along a latitudinal gradient in interior Alaska collected in July, 2011
In 1980-1982, six transplant gardens were established along a latitudinal gradient in interior Alaska from Eagle Creek, AK in the south to Prudhoe Bay, AK in the north. Three sites, Toolik Lake (TL), Sagwon (SAG), and Prudhoe Bay (PB) are north of the continental divide and the remaining three, Eagle Creek (EC), No Name Creek (NN), and Coldfoot (CF), are south of the continental divide. Each garden consisted of 10 individual Eriophorum vaginatum tussocks transplanted back to their home-site, as well as 10 individuals from each of the other transplant sites. The gardens were harvested in 2011. Important variables are garden name, source population, mass per tiller, nitrogen concentration, and stable isotope ratios for Carbon and Nitrogen.
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