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109 results for “nitrogen fertilization”
An isotope study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus use efficiency and movement in soil in a mimicked vermicompost-based organo-mineral fertilizer
<p>Vermicompost (VC), a stabilized organic material with high organic and humic carbon, and favorable aggregation properties, was tested as a fraction of organo-mineral fertilizers (OMFs), where organic and mineral fractions interact in hotspot areas with surrounding soil. Solutions containing <sup>33</sup>P radioisotope and <sup>15</sup>N labeled mineral fertilizers were combined with vermicompost at two ratios of organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>) to mineral nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (OMF<sub>7.5C </sub>and OMF<sub>15C</sub>) to simulate OMF granules. Control treatments included unfertilized soil (N<sub>0</sub>P<sub>0</sub>), mineral fertilizer (MF<sub>NP</sub>), and sole vermicompost at 2 rates (OF<sub>7.5C </sub>and OF<sub>15C</sub>). Nitrogen and P uptake by Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em>) were measured over in 8 weeks. Furthermore, MF<sub>NP</sub>, OMF<sub>7.5C</sub>, and OMF<sub>15C </sub>treatments were incubated for 10 days without plant to measure atom% <sup>15</sup>N excess and <sup>33</sup>P radioactivity, as indicators of N and P movement from two soil layers (surrounding fertilizer hotspot and below it). In the pot study, OMF<sub>15C </sub>caused 24% lower biomass and less nutrient recovery derived from fertilizer (N -11%, P –8.5%), compared to MF<sub>NP</sub>. In the incubation study, OMF<sub>15C </sub>exhibited +19% atom% <sup>15</sup>N excess in the combined two soil layers, relative to MF<sub>NP</sub>, and +28% <sup>33</sup>P radioactivity in the soil surrounding the hotspot, and –89 % in the soil below it. We interpreted this as a reduction in nutrient availability of the combined vermicompost+mineral fertilizers, due to lower P mobility in soil. The combination of vermicompost with mineral fertilizers can reduce P movement in soil. A higher C<sub>org</sub>:N:P ratio resulted in lower nutrient use efficiency in two months.</p>
Nitrogen fertilization and high plant growing temperature increase herbivore performance
<p>Global environmental change exerts growing pressure on biodiversity. Anthropogenic climate and land use change are particularly important drivers of biodiversity loss. While their effects on biodiversity have been widely studied individually, interactions among them are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effects of two common drivers of global change, increased temperature and nitrogen fertilization, on host-plant quality and herbivore performance in the butterfly <i>Lycaena tityrus</i>. We show that butterfly performance was positively affected by plants grown at increased temperatures and nitrogen fertilization, the latter being in line with the nitrogen limitation hypothesis. Effects were largely consistent across treatments, i.e. nitrogen deposition and temperature did not interact strongly to affect herbivore performance. Overall, females suffered more strongly than males from poor host-plant quality. Our study demonstrates changes in host-plant quality caused by variation in temperature and nitrogen availability, which induced indirect effects in an herbivore. Such indirect effects of global environmental change are an important source of variation and should be considered in order to reduce uncertainties with regard to the effects of global change on biodiversity.</p>
Yield and Quality Response of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer Rates at Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
<p><em>Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crentz), is a major staple food crop of the people in most parts of Africa, and plays an important role in terms of food security, employment and income generation for farm families. It is one of important root crops in Ethiopian diet; however there is no research work has been done on rate of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Rate of N and K fertilizer are the major factor in determining the quality and quantities of cassava. Thus, this experiment was carried on the influence </em><em>of nitrogen and potassium</em><em> fertilizer rate on yield and qualities of </em><em>cassava </em><em>at Arba Minch. Four levels of N (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) and three levels of K (0, 60, and 120 kg K ha<sup>−1</sup>) were arranged in factorial combination in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that the main effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates influences all the studied parameters, while the main effect of potassium affects number of tubers per plant and tuber diameter. Interaction effect of N and K influences fresh tuber yield of cassava. The highest fresh tuber yield of cassava was achieved from the combination of 92 kg Nha<sup>-1</sup> with application of 0 kg K ha<sup>−1</sup>, whereas the lowest fresh tuber yield of cassava was obtained from the combination of 0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> with 0 kg K ha<sup>−1</sup>. The economic analysis showed that higher net benefit and marginal rate of return were obtained from the application of 92 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> with 0 kg K ha<sup>−1</sup>. In order to prevent excessive production costs, the use of 92 kg Nha<sup>-1</sup> combined with the application of 0 kg K ha<sup>−1</sup> is recommended. </em></p>
Tree water uptake enhances nitrogen acquisition in a fertilized boreal forest – but not under nitrogen poor conditions
<p><span>Understanding how plant water uptake interacts with acquisition of soil nitrogen (N) and other nutrients is fundamental for predicting plant responses to a changing environment, but it is an area where models disagree.</span></p> <p><span>We present a novel isotopic labelling approach which reveals spatial patterns of water and N uptake, and their interaction, by trees. The stable isotopes <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>2</sup>H were applied to a small area of the forest floor in stands with high and low soil N availability. Uptake by surrounding trees was measured. The sensitivity of N acquisition to water uptake was quantified by statistical modelling.</span></p> <p><span>Trees in the high-N stand acquired twice as much <sup>15</sup>N as in the low-N stand and around half of their N uptake was dependent on water uptake (<sup>2</sup>H enrichment). In contrast, in the low-N stand there was no positive effect of water uptake on N uptake. </span></p> <p><span>We conclude that tree N acquisition was only marginally dependent on water flux toward the root surface under low N conditions but under high-N conditions, the water-associated N uptake was substantial. The results suggest a fundamental shift in N acquisition strategy under high-N conditions. </span></p>
Long-term nitrogen fertilization alters arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community phylogenetic structure in plant roots across fine spatial scales
<p><span>Purpose:</span><span> Nitrogen deposition due to human activities is known to have a substantial impact on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community in plant roots. However, the influence of elevated nitrogen on the phylogenetic structure of AMF across fine spatial scales, as well as the mechanisms behind such alterations, are remained poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>Results:</span><span> Nitrogen addition significantly increased the phylogenetic alpha diversity (diversity within a plot) and the 'within-treatment' phylogenetic beta diversity (dissimilarity among replicate plots) of AMF communities, which resulted in an increased 'within-treatment' phylogenetic gamma diversity (overall diversity among all the replicate plots within a treatment). These changes were caused by the relative abundance decline of a dominant genus (</span><span>Glomus</span><span>) and an increase in non-dominant genera. Mechanically, nitrogen addition affected phylogenetic alpha diversity mainly by influencing soil properties. Likewise, the increased 'within-treatment' dissimilarity of plant community composition and changes in soil properties caused by nitrogen addition and plot distance contributed to an increase in within-treatment phylogenetic beta diversity. </span></p> <p><span>Conclusions:</span><span> We conclude that deterministic environmental filtering (both abiotic and biotic) and dispersal limitation effect played critical roles in AMF community assembly under global change scenarios. Insightfully, this study provides a mechanistic understanding of the response of AMF to nitrogen addition across fine scales.</span></p>
Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promote rice yield by altering soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure
<p><span>Biochar can significantly change soil properties and improve soil quality.</span> <span>However, the effects of long-term combined application of biochar (B) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on relationships between soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure and crop yield are still obscure. We characterized these relationships in a long-term (8 years) field experiment with rice, two biochar rates of 0 and 13.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (B0 and B) and two N fertilizer rates of 0 and 300 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (N0 and N).</span><span> The repeated, long-term combined applications of biochar and N fertilizer significantly increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC and MBN), but biochar decreased the abundance of total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as the amount of total phospholipid fatty acids. </span><span>The activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) </span><span>decreased significantly in the biochar-amended and N fertilized treatment, but</span><span> the LAP activity either remained unchanged or increased with biochar amendment at N0. The relative abundance of bacterial phylum <em>Chloroflexi</em> was increased in the combined biochar and N fertilizer treatment. The changes in soil organic matter and the activity of α-1,4-xylosidase were the major properties influencing soil bacterial community composition, whereas the structure of fungal community was governed by MBC, MBN and LAP activity. In addition, long-term biochar and N fertilizer applied together significantly increased rice yield (more than biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applied alone). Yield</span> <span>was significantly positively correlated with LAP activity, but significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Chloroflexi. In conclusion, long-term biochar and nitrogen fertilizer applications increased rice yield, which was associated with altered soil microbial community and enhanced activity of some enzymes.</span></p>
Nitrogen fertilization plot level data - a Finnish case study
<p>The data is based on the fertilization study where we evaluated the spatial evenness of nitrogen (N) fertilization (measured fertilization dose on circular plots with radius of 7,98 m) in fertilized treatments and effects of fertilization treatments (target of 0, 150 and 200 kg N /ha) on short-term volume growth responses in two ground-fertilized (2018) Scots pine and in two airborne-fertilized (2019) Norway spruce study sites on medium fertile (Myrtillus-type, MT) upland forest sites in Eastern Finland. It was also studied the relationships between measured fertilization dose, N concentrations in needles and soil organic (humus) layer, and volume growth of trees (calculated based on diameter at breast height and height of sample trees) based on block level averages (based on data measured for three circular plots in each block). In each study area, we established three one hectare replicate blocks (with three circular study plots of 200 m² in each) for fertilizer treatments with target of 0, 150 and 200 kg N /ha. Spatial evenness of the fertilization was measured with textile funnels. Height, breast height diameter and vitality (living/dead) of trees were measured annually in each circular plot. Nutrient concentrations in needles (analysed in Yara laboratory in United Kingdom) and soil organic (humus) layer (analysed at UEF laboratory) were measured once. </p>
Fig. 1 in Short-Term Impact Of Nitrogen Fertilizer And Wood Ash On Forest Ground Vegetation
Fig. 1. Sample plot design in vegetation field surveyed.
Data for: Simulating effects of agricultural intensification and climate change: Nitrogen fertilization and drought stress decrease insect herbivore performance
<p>Biodiversity is globally under pressure, and the current decline in insect biomass and diversity is likely caused by human activities. Key drivers of biodiversity loss include agricultural intensification and anthropogenic climate change. Nevertheless, a thorough understanding of potential interactions between both factors and the mechanisms underlying insect declines in general is still lacking.</p> <p>Here, we investigate the combined effects of nitrogen fertilization and drought, as applied to host plants, on the preference and performance of the butterfly <em>Lycaena tityrus</em>.</p> <p>Individuals performed best on plants having received medium nitrogen levels, while performance was reduced by either a lack of or strong fertilization, the former potentially caused by nitrogen limitation and the latter by increased concentrations of toxic allelochemicals. Female oviposition preference though was positively related to nitrogen fertilization, resulting in a mismatch between preference and offspring performance at high nitrogen levels. Plant drought stress additionally reduced herbivore performance, and females appeared to suffer more from low-quality food than males.</p> <p>Our results indicate that increasing nitrogen fertilization, as applied in intensive agriculture, may substantially reduce host-plant quality for insect herbivores, which may be exaggerated in the course of climate change due to the more frequent occurrence of droughts. Our study thus contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying human-driven insect declines in agricultural landscapes and beyond.</p>
Functional traits of soil nematodes define their response to nitrogen fertilization
<p>1. Nitrogen (N) fertilization and warming are two crucial global change factors affecting the soil nematode communities. The effects of N fertilization and warming, however, on nematode communities in soils are inconsistent across ecosystems and maybe be even opposite.</p> <p>2. One key reason is that the commonly used taxonomic diversity is less sensitive to environmental changes than the seldom-used trait-based indicators. To verify this, we performed an eight-year field experiment with four N fertilization levels with and without soil warming and collected an extensive dataset consisting of (i) six traits related to the nematode performance, i.e., body size, maximum body length, maximum body width, stylet length, esophagus length, and intestinal length; (ii) the taxonomic alpha (richness and abundance) and beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities) of the whole nematode community and each nematode functional group, (iii) soil food web resources (the total taxonomic richness and abundance of plant, bacterial and fungal communities), and (iv) soil properties (pH, total, ammonium and nitrate N, microbial N and C, total and available P and soil water content).</p> <p>3. We found that N fertilization altered plant diversity and soil nitrate levels, which in turn decreased taxonomic alpha diversity of two nematode functional groups (phytophagous nematodes and predators), but taxonomic diversity for the whole nematode community remained stable. The decreased taxonomic alpha diversity of phytophagous nematodes resulted in increased maximum body width, but decreased stylet length and esophageal length. Mild warming (~ 0.7 °C) had no effects on soil properties and soil food web resources, and the taxonomic diversity or nematode traits remained unchanged.</p> <p>4. Our results reveal that nematode functional traits show strong responses to N fertilization as individual nematode groups adapted quickly to changed soil properties and food web resources. Taxonomic diversity indices, however, were more stable under these changes showing that the functional composition of nematode communities may respond in the short-term despite little effects on species diversity. Thus, the trait-based indicators not only reveal how nematodes respond to N fertilization, but also how nematodes mediate the effects of N fertilization on ecosystem functioning (i.e., soil nutrient cycling).</p>
Impact of urea fertilization rates on nitrogen dynamics, productivity, and profitability from Ugandan sugarcane plantations
<p>All the datasets contained in the zipped file have all the different variables written out in full with the appropriate units defined in brackets [].</p>
Data from: Nitrogen fertilization, not water addition, alters plant phylogenetic community structure in a semi-arid steppe
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Data from: Nitrogen fertilization differentially enhances nodulation and host growth of two invasive legume species in an urban environment
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Nitrogen fertilization and high plant growing temperature increase herbivore performance
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Interspecific differences in the responses of root phosphatase activities and morphology to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Bornean tropical rain forests
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Data for: Simulating effects of agricultural intensification and climate change: Nitrogen fertilization and drought stress decrease insect herbivore performance
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Data from: Nitrogen fixation and fertilization have similar effects on biomass allocation in nitrogen-fixing plants
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An isotope study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus use efficiency and movement in soil in a mimicked vermicompost-based organo-mineral fertilizer
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Tree water uptake enhances nitrogen acquisition in a fertilized boreal forest – but not under nitrogen poor conditions
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Inter-seasonal nitrogen loss with drought depends on fertilizer management in a semi-natural Australian grassland
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