Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Dataset for "Overwinter and spring thaw nitrous oxide fluxes in a northern Prairie cropland are limited but a significant proportion of annual emissions"

This dataset contains the data used in the publication "Overwinter and spring thaw nitrous oxide fluxes in a northern Prairie cropland are limited but a significant proportion of annual emissions" in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. This study presented micrometeorological N2O fluxes measured using the flux-gradient method over 4 years in Saskatchewan, Canada, to evaluate the magnitude of freeze-thaw N2O emissions and investigate its driving factors.  The files contain the daily average N2O emissions and supporting environmental data.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Data from: Global Fjords Are Minor Sources Of Nitrous Oxide To The Atmosphere

<ol> <li>The study sites included six different fjords located in an area spanning from 56.6˚N to 66.6˚N and from −39.0˚W to 13.7˚E.</li> <li>All data were collected throughout five different cruises from April to July 2023, with instruments installed on R/V Skagerak (University of Gothenburg). N2O dissolved in the surface water was measured continuously via Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy using a LI-7820 N2O/H2O trace gas analyzer (LI-COR Biosciences). The LI-7820 produced high-precision N2O (ppb) measurement data every second, response time of 0 to 330 ppb ≤ 2 seconds and maximum drift of < 1 ppb per 24-hour period.</li> <li> Nitrous oxide measurements (>1800 in each fjord) were integrated over 30 min and adjusted to account for gas exchange equilibration over the closed loop and for the ~10 min time lag (delayed response time of ~5 min from the exchanger to the gas detector and additional lag of ~5 min from sea to exchanger).The ship was equipped with a -4H-FerryBox (JENA Engeneering GmbH, Germany), an automatic flow-through system with various sensors measuring hydrographic and biochemical parameters such as salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (O2), pH, chlorophyll, and turbidity (-4H-JENA engineering GmbH, n.d.). All potentiometric FerryBox pH (EGA150, Meinsberg) measurements on the NBS scale were corrected by a constant offset (ΔpH = -0.451 ±0.016) based on the concurrent spectrophotometric pH measurements (Müller et al., 2018) during the Greenlandic and Icelandic cruises. Water was pumped through a subsurface-inlet and circulates with a speed of 1 m s−1 in the system. Bubbles and particles are removed by a debubbling unit (Ferry- Box Task Team, n.d.). Windspeed (m s−1) measurements were recorded with an onboard sonic anemometer (Airmar PB200) mounted approximately 19 meters above the water line and then logarithmically corrected to 10 meters above water line.</li> <li>Additionally, water samples for dissolved nitrates and nitrites (NOx-) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations were collected along the survey transects using Niskin-rosette bottles from a depth of ~3 m. Dissolved nutrient samples were collected by filtering sample water through cellulose acetate filters (0.45 μm) into pre-rinsed 12 mL polypropylene vials before immediate freezing until laboratory analysis. Nutrient samples for dissolved NH4+, NO3− and NO2− were filtered through pre-rinsed cellulose acetate filters (0.45 μm, Sartorius) and frozen at −20 °C until segmented flow analysis (QuAAtro, XY-3 Sampler, Seal Analytical 2015; detection limits and precisions 0.2 μM and 7% for NH4+, 0.05 μM and 7% for NO3− and 0.02 μM and 7% for NO2−).</li> <li>N2O saturation values were calculated as the ratio between concentrations of dissolved N2O in seawater and the corresponding computed concentrations in the atmosphere (Walter et al., 2004). Diffusive sea-air fluxes (f) were measured according to the formula: " f=(p_water- p_air )  α k " where p_water is the partial pressure of N2O in the surface water layers calculated after correcting for the water vapor partial pressure in the equilibrated headspace and local atmospheric pressure. p_air is the partial pressure of N2O in air. For pair the global values from NOAA were used (Lan, 2024). Both partial pressures are expressed in natm. α is the solubility coefficient that was calculated from temperature and salinity using equations of Weiss and Price (1980). k is the gas transfer velocity calculated from the wind-based empirical model by (Wanninkhof, 2014). The k values were calculated according to the formula: "k = 0.251 U^2  〖(Sc/660)〗^(-0.5)" where U is the wind speed. We used in situ daily averaged wind speed measurements. Sc is the Schmidt number, which is water kinematic viscosity divided by the molecular diffusion coefficient of N2O (Wanninkhof, 2014). We used 4H–FerryBox temperature observations from the same water line as for the continuous N2O measurements. N2O fluxes at the sea-air interface are expressed in µg N2O m−2 day−1.</li> </ol>   Refeferences: Lan, X., Thoning, K.W., Dlugokencky, E.J.:. (2024). Trends in globally-averaged CH4, N2O, and SF6 determined from NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory measurements. Version 2024-10 <a>https://doi.org/</a> <a>https://doi.org/10.15138/P8XG-AA10</a> Müller, J. D., Schneider, B., Aßmann, S., & Rehder, G. (2018). Spectrophotometric pH measurements in the presence of dissolved organic matter and hydrogen sulfide. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 16(2), 68-82. Wanninkhof, R. (2014). Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 12(6), 351-362. Walter, S., Bange, H. W., & Wallace, D. W. (2004). Nitrous oxide in the surface layer of the tropical North Atlantic Ocean along a west to east transect. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(23). Weiss, R., & Price, B. (1980). Nitrous oxide solubility in water and seawater. Marine chemistry, 8(4), 347-359.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data for: Biological mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions by plant metabolites

Plant metabolites significantly affect soil nitrogen (N) cycling, but their influence on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions has not been quantitatively analyzed on a global scale. We conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of 173 observations from 42 articles to evaluate global patterns of, and principal factors controlling, N2O emissions in the presence of root exudates and extracts. Overall, plant metabolites promoted soil N2O emissions by about 10%. However, the effects of plant metabolites on N2O emissions from soils varied with experimental conditions and properties of both metabolites and soils. Primary metabolites, such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids, strongly stimulated soil N2O emissions, by an average of 79%, while secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenoids, and flavonoids, often characterised as both biological nitrification inhibitors (BNIs) and biological denitrification inhibitors (BDIs), reduced soil N2O emissions by an average of 41%. The emission mitigation effects of BNIs/BDIs were closely associated with soil texture and pH, increasing with increasing soil clay content and soil pH on acidic and neutral soils, and with decreasing soil pH on alkaline soils. We furthermore present soil incubation experiments that show that three secondary metabolite types act as BNIs to reduce N2O emissions by 32-45% while three primary metabolite classes possess a stimulatory effect of 56-63%, confirming the results of the meta-analysis. Our results highlight the potential role and application range of specific secondary metabolites in bio-mitigation of global N2O emissions, and provide new biological parameters for N2O emission models that should help improve the accuracy of model predictions.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Long term lake mesocosm warming experiment: dataset of nitrous oxide concentrations, emissions and ancillary variables

Dataset of nitrous oxide concentrations, emissions and ancillary variables collected at theLong term lake mesocosm warming experiment in Lemming, Denmark.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Data from: Nitrification is a minor source of nitrous oxide (N2O) in an agricultural landscape and declines with increasing management intensity

The long-term contribution of nitrification to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from terrestrial ecosystems is poorly known and thus poorly constrained in biogeochemical models. Here, using Bayesian inference to couple 25 years of in situ N2O flux measurements with site-specific Michaelis-Menten kinetics of nitrification-derived N2O, we test the relative importance of nitrification-derived N2O across six cropped and unmanaged ecosystems along a management intensity gradient in the U.S. Midwest. We found that the maximum potential contribution from nitrification to in situ N2O fluxes was 13-17% in a conventionally fertilized annual cropping system, 27-42% in a low-input cover-cropped annual cropping system, and 52-63% in perennial systems including a late successional deciduous forest. Actual values are likely to be less than 10% of these values because of low N2O yields in cultured nitrifiers (typically 0.04 to 8% of NH3 oxidized) and competing sinks for available NH4+ in situ. Most nitrification-derived N2O was produced by ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) rather than archaea (AOA), who appeared responsible for no more than 30% of nitrification-derived N2O production in all but one ecosystem. Although the proportion of nitrification-derived N2O production was lowest in annual cropping systems, these ecosystems nevertheless produced more nitrification-derived N2O (higher Vmax) than perennial and successional ecosystems. We conclude that nitrification is minor relative to other sources of N2O in all ecosystems examined.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Dataset for: Exploring the legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions

This dataset contains data for exploring the legacy effects of biochar addition on soil nitrous oxide emissions and their effects on functional gene abundance associated with soil nitrogen cycling. The dataset contains two data files, one is a data table on the impact of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions, which contains the coordinates of the study site, climate, basic physical and chemical properties of the soil, biochar characteristics and study duration, crop type and management. The other is the data table on the effect of biochar application on the abundance of functional genes related to soil nitrogen cycling, which contains information such as test site coordinates, climate, biochar characteristics, crop type and management. This data can be referenced and reused without any legal or ethical considerations.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Data for: Nitrous oxide emissions from groundnut and millets farms in semi-arid peninsular India

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions response curves for crops grown outside temperate regions have been rare and have thus far arrived at conflicting conclusions. Most studies reporting N2O emissions from tropical cropping systems have examined only one or two nitrogen fertilizer application rate(s) which precludes the possibility of discovering nonlinear changes in emission factors (EF, % of added N converted to N2O-N) with increasing fertilizer-N rates. To examine the relationship between N rates and N2O fluxes in a tropical region, we compared farming practices with three or four N rates for their yield-scaled impacts from three crops in peninsular India. We measured N2O fluxes during nine seasons between 2012 and 2015, with N application rates ranging between 0 and 70, 0 and 90, and 0 and 480 kg-N ha-1 for foxtail-millet (Setaria italica L., locally called korra), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L., also called peanut) and finger-millet (Eleusine coracana L., locally called ragi), respectively. In two cases, the highest N application rate greatly exceeded crop-N needs. Potential climate smart farming agricultural practices (with low/optimized N rates) led to a 50-150% reduction in N2O emissions intensity (per unit yield) along with a reduction of 0.2-0.75 tCO2e ha-1 season-1 as compared to high N conventional applications. We found a non-linear increase in N2O flux in response to increasing applied N for both N-fixing and non N-fixing crops and the extent of super-linearity for non N-fixing crops was much higher than what has been reported earlier. If a linear fit is imposed on our datasets, the emission factors (EFs) for finger-millet and groundnut were ~3.5% and ~1.8%, respectively. Our data shows that for low-N tropical cropping systems, even when they have low soil carbon content, increase in N use to levels just above crop needs to enhance productivity might lead to relatively small increase in N2O emissions as compared to the impact of equivalent changes in fertilizer-N use in systems fertilized far beyond crop N needs.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Dataset for: Indirect nitrous oxide emission factors of fluvial networks can be predicted by dissolved organic carbon and nitrate from local to global scales

Streams and rivers are important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas. Estimating global riverine N2O emissions is critical for the assessment of anthropogenic N2O emission inventories. The indirect N2O emission factor (EF5r) model, one of the bottom-up approaches, adopts a fixed EF5r value to estimate riverine N2O emissions based on IPCC methodology. However, the estimates have considerable uncertainty due to the large spatiotemporal variations in EF5r values. Factors regulating EF5r are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we combine 4-year in situ observations across rivers of different land use types in China, with a global meta-analysis over six continents, to explore the spatiotemporal variations and controls on EF5r values. Our results show that the EF5r values in China and other regions with high N loads are lower than those for regions with lower N loads. Although the global mean EF5r value is comparable to the IPCC default value, the global EF5r values are highly skewed with large variations, indicating that adopting region-specific EF5r values rather than revising the fixed default value is more appropriate for the estimation of regional and global riverine N2O emissions. The ratio of dissolved organic carbon to nitrate (DOC/NO3-) and NO3- concentration are identified as the dominant predictors of region-specific EF5r values at both regional and global scales because stoichiometry and nutrients strictly regulate denitrification and N2O production efficiency in rivers. A multiple linear regression model using DOC/NO3- and NO3- is proposed to predict region-specific EF5r values. The good fit of the model associated with easily obtained water quality variables allows its widespread application. This study fills a key knowledge gap in predicting region-specific EF5r values at the global scale and provides a pathway to estimate global riverine N2O emissions more accurately based on IPCC methodology. This dataset is a global integrated N2O dataset including data from 4-year (2017-2020) in situ measurements of six large rivers in China, 3-year (2018-2020) in situ measurements of urban river networks in Beijing of China, and 825 measurements from 70 published papers over six continents. The data includes dissolved N2O concentration, biogeochemical (DOC, NO3-, NH4+, temperature, and DO), climatological (climate zones), and geographic (region, location, and land cover) information.

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Global methane and nitrous oxide emissions from inland waters and estuaries

Inland waters (rivers, reservoirs, lakes, ponds, streams) and estuaries are globally significant emitters of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere, while global estimates of these emissions have been hampered due to the lack of a worldwide comprehensive dataset with the collection of complete CH4and N2O flux components. Here, we synthesize 2,997 in-situ flux or concentration measurements of CH4 and N2O from 277 peer-reviewed publications to explore the role of inland waters and estuaries in shaping climate change. We estimate that inland waters including rivers, reservoirs, lakes, and streams together release 95.18 Tg CH4 yr-1 (ebullition plus diffusion) and 1.48 Tg N2O yr-1 (diffusion) to the atmosphere, yielding an overall CO2-equivalent emission total of 3.06 Pg CO2 yr-1, representing roughly 60% of CO2 emissions (5.13 Pg CO2 yr-1) from these four inland aquatic systems, among which lakes act as the largest emitter for both CH4and N2O. Ebullition is noticed as a dominant flux component of CH4, contributing up to 62–84% of total CH4fluxes across all inland waters. Chamber-derived CH4 emission rates are significantly greater than those determined by diffusion model-based methods for commonly capturing both diffusive and ebullitive fluxes. Water dissolved oxygen (DO) showed as a dominant factor among all variables to influence both CH4(diffusive and ebullitive) and N2O fluxes from inland waters. Our study reveals a major oversight in regional and global CH4budgets from inland waters, caused by neglect of the dominant role of ebullition pathways in those emissions. The indirect N2O EF5 values established in this study generally suggest a downward revision is required in current IPCC default EF5 values for inland waters and estuaries. Our findings further indicate that a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and patterns of CH4 and N2O emissions from inland waters and estuaries is essential in defining how these aquatic systems will shape our climate.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Potential contributions of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms to the distributions of nitrous oxide in the northern Bering Sea

<ul> <li> Basic GHGs data for the Bering Sea in CHINARE2016 </li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Nitrous oxide in the East China Sea in 2015

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas, of which the global warming potential per mole is nearly 300 times more effective than that of carbon oxide. The coastal seas, which influenced by anthropogenic perturbations, are identified as potent sources of N2O. To further understand the N2O biogeochemical dynamics in the coastal oxic waters, we measured the N and O isotope compositions and concentrations of dissolved N2O, as well as other biological parameters (O2, NH4+, NO2-, and NO3-) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) concentrations in the East China Sea, a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, in 2015.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Nitrous oxide and Hydroxylamine in the East China Sea in 2015

The first analyses of N2O isotopocule signatures in the East China Sea (ECS) are presented, along with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and N2O concentrations, to clarify the dominant N2O production processes in the coastal water. In the ECS in October 2015, N2O ranged from 6.3 to 33.1 nmol L-1, equivalent to 99% – 251% in saturation, leading to the air-sea fluxes of 1.6 – 10.5 μmol m-2 d-1 (4.8±2.5 μmol m-2 d-1) using the W2014 formula. The coexistence of high levels of NH4+, NH2OH, and NO2- indicated the potential for nitrification and/or hybrid N2O formation. In the shallow water (< 300 m), the concentration (~9.3 nmol L-1), δ15Nbulk-N2O (~6.8&permil;), δ18O-N2O (~45.1&permil;), and 15N site preference (SP, ~14.8&permil;) of N2O were close to those isotopic signatures in atmospheric N2O; whereas those values in the deep water increased downward, reaching their maxima of 33.1 nmol L-1, 8.6&permil;, 54.7&permil;, and 18.7&permil;, respectively.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Highly Accurate Potential Energy Surface and Dipole Moment Surface for Nitrous Oxide and Ames-296K Infrared Line Lists for 14N216O and Minor Isotopologues

First generation data product and IR line lists for Nitrous Oxide (N2O), including an isotopologue-independent ab initio PES of Nitrous Oxide refined with selected HITRAN energy levels below 7000 cm-1 and experimental GV at higher energies, an ab initio DMS fitted with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(T,Q,5)Z dipoles computed up to 20,000 cm-1 above potential minimum and extrapolated to one-electron basis set limit, room temperature IR line lists for 12 N2O isotopologues of 14/15N and 16/17/18O, and a combination "natural" list with terrestrial abundances.  This project is funded by NASA Grant 18-APRA18-0013 through NASA/SETI Institute Co-operative Agreement 80NSSC20K1358.  See https://huang.seti.org/N2O/n2o.html for data format and abundance information. <ol> <li>Ames-0 and Ames-1 PES subroutine & coefficient files, and PES refinement related files including reference energy level list and refinement output.</li> <li>J=0-150 energy level lists of 14N216O and 11 minor isotopologues, computed on the Ames-1 PES. The .zip file contains 12 compressed .tgz files.</li> <li> Ames-1 DMS subroutine & coefficient files, and ab initio data;</li> <li> Ames-296K IR line lists for 14N216O and 11 minor isotopologues, each with 100% abundance. Computed using Ames-1 DMS and rovibrational wavefunctions for those energy levels acquired on Ames-1 PES; 12 .tgz files combined into one .zip file</li> <li> A "natural" Ames-296K IR line list for N2O, including transitions from all 12 isotopologues with their 296K intensities scaled by terrestrial abundances. Computed on the Ames-1 PES and DMS. </li> <li>ORIGIN project file for related analysis and figures. Use Origin Viewer to open on PC and MAC, <a href="https://www.originlab.com/viewer/dl.aspx">https://www.originlab.com/viewer/dl.aspx</a>  </li> </ol> Line List Data Format: (N2O is the 4th molecules in HITRAN, we use 40+iso#, e.g., 41 - 446; 42 - 456; 43 - 546; 44 - 448; 45 - 447; ...) <pre>iso wavenumber S(Ames-2021) A21(Ames-2021) E"(Ames-1) vtet_qn' vtet_qn" JPS' #root' JPS" #root" J' J" wang_symmetry 43 2540.050758 2.696686E-31 2.829145E+00 4329.863425 0 0 3 1 0 0 50 2 2 109 49 1 2 24 50 49 e e </pre> Table 1. Abundances and number of IR lines of 12 N2O isotopologues in the Ames-296K natural IR line list for N2O up to 15,000 cm-1 and intensity down to 10-31 cm/molecule.  Their wavenumber range fmax (in cm-1), intensity max S296Kmax, and intensity sum are also included for each isotopologue. Intensities are scaled by corresponding abundances, in cm-1/molecule.cm-2. <table align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td> # </td> <td> Iso </td> <td> Abundance </td> <td> #lines </td> <td> fmax (cm-1) </td> <td> S296Kmax </td> <td> Intensity Sum </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 1 </td> <td> 446 </td> <td> 0.990333 </td> <td> 1387178 </td> <td> 15000 </td> <td> 1.0217E-18 </td> <td> 7.2848E-17 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 2 </td> <td> 456 </td> <td> 3.64093E-3 </td> <td> 375607 </td> <td> 14896 </td> <td> 3.5696E-21 </td> <td> 2.5816E-19 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 3 </td> <td> 546 </td> <td> 3.64093E-3 </td> <td> 411253 </td> <td> 14970 </td> <td> 3.7098E-21 </td> <td> 2.6639E-19 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 4 </td> <td> 448 </td> <td> 1.98582E-3 </td> <td> 377008 </td> <td> 14875 </td> <td> 1.8990E-21 </td> <td> 1.4206E-19 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 5 </td> <td> 447 </td> <td> 3.69280E-4 </td> <td> 238697 </td> <td> 13964 </td> <td> 3.6668E-22 </td> <td> 2.6767E-20 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 6 </td> <td> 556 </td> <td> 1.33858E-5 </td> <td> 93754 </td> <td> 11640 </td> <td> 1.2867E-23 </td> <td> 9.3609E-22 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 7 </td> <td> 548* </td> <td> 7.30080E-6 </td> <td> 93609 </td> <td> 10681 </td> <td> 6.8881E-24 </td> <td> 5.1939E-22 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 8 </td> <td> 458* </td> <td> 7.30080E-6 </td> <td> 86397 </td> <td> 10578 </td> <td> 6.5998E-24 </td> <td> 4.9864E-22 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 9 </td> <td> 547* </td> <td> 1.35765E-6 </td> <td> 55324 </td> <td> 9065 </td> <td> 1.3299E-24 </td> <td> 9.7874E-23 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 10 </td> <td> 457* </td> <td> 1.35765E-6 </td> <td> 50539 </td> <td> 8804 </td> <td> 1.2718E-24 </td> <td> 9.4017E-23 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 11 </td> <td> 558* </td> <td> 2.68412E-8 </td> <td> 15761 </td> <td> 6373 </td> <td> 2.3969E-26 </td> <td> 1.8219E-24 </td> </tr> <tr> <td> 12 </td> <td> 557* </td> <td> 4.99134E-9 </td> <td> 8498 </td> <td> 4964 </td> <td> 4.6171E-27 </td> <td> 3.4327E-25 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Inhaled Nitrous Oxide for Treatment-Resistant Depression: Optimizing Dosing Strategies

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03283670. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management of First Trimester Surgical Abortion

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02096575. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Nitrous Oxide for Pain Management of Intrauterine Device (IUD) Insertion

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02391714. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

The ENIGMA II Trial:Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia and Cardiac Morbidity After Major Surgery: a Randomised Controlled Trial

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00430989. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.

Self-Administered Nitrous Oxide (SANO) During Transrectal Prostate Biopsy to Reduce Patient Anxiety and Pain

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05803096. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.

Addition of Nitrous Oxide and Its Effects on Depth of Anesthesia

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00717574. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.