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18,820 results for “northing”
Collection of figures to explore intra-regime weather variability of North Atlantic-European year-round weather regimes as Supplementary Dataset for Gerighausen et al. (2024)
<p>This is a supplementary dataset accompanying the publication <strong>Gerighausen et al. (2024) </strong>submitted to Meteorological Applications. It contains a collection of browsable figures, complementing selected regimes, seasons, and countries in the paper. The figures are provided as a zipped archive. The ZIP-File (1.2 GB) contains 4 subfolders and 4 auxiliary files as described in <strong>readme.md </strong>in the main folder. Once downloaded and unpacked, the .html navigation panels can be used in any browser to navigate through the plots. </p> <p>Data and methods used to generate the figures are explained in Gerighausen et al. (2024). In brief the analysis is based on ERA5 reanalysis 1979-2021 at 1° grid spacing and 6h temporal resolution aggregated to daily data. Anomalies are computed with respect to a 31-day running mean climatology. The figures are explained in the table below and in the navigation panel.</p> <p><strong>Gerighausen</strong>, J., J. Dorrington, M. Osman, and C. M. Grams, <strong>2024</strong>: Quantifying intra-regime weather variability for energy applications, <em>submitted to Meteorological Applications.</em> <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.04302">doi:10.48550/arXiv.2408.04302</a></p>
Bird surveys in French Broad River Basin, North Carolina, 2014
This dataset includes counts of birds from surveys conducted in the French Broad River Basin in western North Carolina, USA. This basin is in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Data were collected to examine the spatial and seasonal supply of biodiversity-based cultural ecosystem services (CES), in this case, nature study through birdwatching. The data includes bird species observed at 69 sites on public and private lands during the period 2014-04-01 to 2014-08-08. Bird species were categorized with respect to migration status, level of conservation concern (both based on literature), and relative abundance in the study region (based on eBird data). Environmental data for 56 sites are provided: elevation, early season precipitation, mean summer temperature, land cover diversity, tree cover, vegetation structural diversity, vegetation annual productivity, and building density at local and landscape scales. Graves et al. (2019, doi:10.1007/s13280-018-1068-1) used these data to analyze seasonal shifts in birdwatching supply and how those shifts impacted public access to projected birdwatching hotspots. Landscape patterns of CES supply differed substantially among five CES indicators (total bird species richness, and richness of migratory, infrequent, synanthrope, and resident species). For example, total species richness hotspots seldom overlapped with hotspots of migratory or infrequent species. Public access to CES hotspots varied seasonally. This study suggests that simple, static biodiversity metrics may overlook spatial dynamics important to CES users.
High-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and radiation data; stream and in-lake nutrient concentration data; and daily metabolism and nutrient loading estimates for 16 lakes in North America and Northern Europe.
In lakes, ecosystem structure and processes are influenced by gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R), and net ecosystem production (NEP). The rates of these metabolic processes are often controlled by resource availability, which often reflects catchment loads. Although the relationship between catchment loads and in-lake nutrient concentrations may be well defined in specific lakes, we explored how watershed vs. in-lake predictors of metabolism compare across lake types. To do this, we combined stream loads of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) with high frequency in situ monitoring of lake metabolism and in-lake C, N, and P concentrations from 16 lakes spanning a range of latitudes (39 to 64 degrees N), inflowing stream (0 - 6 streams), and trophic status (oligotrophic to eutrophic). The data package includes high-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation data as well as daily estimates of GPP, R, and NEP derived from those data. In addition, the data package includes in-lake and stream concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus and stream discharge data. The package also includes estimates of daily carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus loading to each lake derived from the stream concentrations and discharge.
Processed Net N2 Flux and Nitrous Oxide Production Rates from a mesocosm experiment, North River, MA, 2022
The data documented here show nitrogen cycling rates (net N2 flux and net N2O flux) from a tidal, freshwater wetland under two stressors in isolation and in combination over two different disturbance regimes. We used intact core mesocosms to examine how nitrogen cycling changed in response to increased temperature and salinity under pulse and press disturbances. We found that net N2 flux rates, defined as the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification did not directionally change in response to stressor pulse or press. Instead, it became more variable under both disturbance regimes. Nitrous oxide production rates, however, decreased and became more stable over time in the press scenario, but remained highly variable in the pulse scenario. These findings provide valuable knowledge on the functional potential of the nitrogen cycling microbial communities in tidal, freshwater wetlands when facing future climate variability.
Lead Risk Factors for West and North Philadelphia: 2007-2020
Provides all data used for the creation of the maps and spearman correlation analysis for a lead risk assessment of North and West Philadelphia. This includes data on: lead-in-soil, land recycled sites, demolitions, housing code violations, age of housing, smelters, and elevated blood lead levels of children. The data was used for a spatial analysis of historic and current lead sources in West and North Philadelphia to determine which lead sources act as primary lead-risk factors, identify future soil sampling sites and high-risk neighborhoods in Philadelphia.
Biogeochemistry data set for Imnavait Creek Weir on the North Slope of Alaska 2002-2024.
Data file containing biogeochemical data of water samples collected in Imnavait Creek, North Slope of Alaska. Sample site descriptors include a unique assigned number (sortchem), site, date, time, depth, distance (downstream), and elevation. Values of variables measured in the field include temperature, conductivity, pH. Chemical analysis for samples include alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), inorganic and total dissolved nutrients particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, cations and anions.
Hourly weather data from the Arctic LTER Wet Sedge Inlet Experimental plots from 1994 to present, Toolik Field Station, North Slope, Alaska.
Hourly weather data from the Arctic Tundra LTER wet sedge experimental site at Toolik Lake. The following parameters are measured every minute and averaged every hour: control plot air temperature and relative humidity at 3 meters and greenhouse plot air temperature and relative humidity at 1 meters (inside the greenhouse).
Biogeochemistry data set for soil waters, streams, and lakes near Toolik Lake on the North Slope of Alaska, 2012 through 2020
Data file of the biogeochemistry of samples collected at various sites near Toolik Lake, North Slope of Alaska. Sample site descriptors include a unique assigned number (sortchem), site, date, time, depth, distance (downstream from a reference location), elevation, treatment, date-time, category, and water type (lake, surface, soil). Physical measures collected in the field include temperature (water, soil, well water), conductivity, pH, and average thaw depth in soil. Chemical analyses for the sample include alkalinity; dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC and DOC); dissolved gases CO2 and CH4; inorganic and total dissolved nutrients (NH4, PO4, NO3, TDN, TDP); particulate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (PC, PN, and PP); cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Si); and anions (SO4 and Cl).
Model simulated hydrological estimates for the North Slope drainage basin, Alaska, 1980-2010
Estimates of runoff, river discharge, snow water equivalent (SWE), subsurface runoff, and soil temperatures are drawn from the Permafrost Water Balance Model (PWBM). The simulation and derived data span the period 1980-2010. The model was forced with daily gridded meteorological data obtained from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis (version 5.2.0). The estimates of total runoff (daily), soil temperature (daily), subsurface runoff (monthly), and SWE (monthly) are expressed on a spatial grid (N=312; 25x25 km EASE-Grid version 1, Northern Hemisphere) over the North Slope drainage basin, with the coastline extending from Utqiagvik (formerly Barrow) to just west of the Mackenzie River delta. River discharge, calculated as a volume flux of runoff at each grid cell, was routed through the river network defined on a simulated topological network (STN). Archived files contain discharge flux through the grid cell representing the outlet of each of forty-two basins defined across the region on the 25 km resolution EASE-Grid. Details of the PWBM, forcing variables, model validation and results of analysis are described in Rawlins et al. (2019).
Continuous salinity, temperature and depth measurements from moored hydrographic data loggers deployed at GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2020 through 31-Dec-2020
Conductivity, temperature and pressure were measured continuously at Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling location GCE3_Hydro (Sapelo Sound north of Sapelo Island, Georgia) from 01-Jan-2020 through 31-Dec-2020. Observations were logged at 30 minute intervals by moored Sea-Bird Electronics MicroCAT 37-SM data loggers and downloaded approximately quarterly. Salinity, depth and sigma-t (density anomaly) were calculated from the measured parameters using standard UNESCO algorithms. This data set was collected as part of the GCE-LTER Project continuous salinity, temperature and water level monitoring program.
Growth Rates of Xanthoparmelia Lichens in North Cemetery, Petersham MA 2005-2011
Lichens fix carbon dioxide from the air to build biomass. Crustose and foliose lichens grow as nearly flat, circular disks. While smaller lichens grow slowly, but with small, steady increases in radial growth rates, larger lichens grow more quickly, with radial velocities that remain roughly constant over the lifetime of an individual. These basic features follow directly from a novel mathematical model based on the diffusion of carbon dioxide around a lichen, and its absorption by the thallus. Smaller lichens fix carbon dioxide across the entire thallus, but larger lichens fix carbon dioxide disproportionately at edges. Because local edges remain the primary source of carbon as a lichen grows ever larger, radial growth rates remain constant. Predicted growth dynamics depend on four measurable parameters, and tests of the model against data suggest the model provides an accurate, robust, and universal framework for understanding the growth dynamics of lichens in nature.
Land Owner Decisions and Consequences in North Central Massachusetts 1950-2009
Landscapes dominated by private ownership experience change as properties change hands, change monetary value, undergo land use conversion, become isolated or lose road access, or are divided and hence smaller in size. The future ecological integrity, connectivity, and function of landscapes dominated by private ownership depend on the speed or frequency with which decisions are made, the kinds of decisions, and their outcomes or consequences. One way to study this human behavior on land is through attitudinal surveys of owners investigating their motivations, beliefs, and values. Another is to pose hypothetical circumstances and query owners about potential response or reactions. Another involves the study of social networks around owners, and determining the extent to which information flows between owners and may influence decisions. We proposed instead to study or monitor decisions made and resulting circumstances, and to establish a long-term framework or network of points at which land owner decisions will be sampled over time. In essence, we proposed to study behavior enacted on the landscape, rather than individual people. Data derived from this network and sampling will inform land use scenario modeling efforts to forecast the future trajectory of the landscape, its rate of change, and subsequent potential provision of ecosystem services. The network was established to monitor change over time in the future, but an important aspect was to establish the baseline and antecedent circumstances that led to existing conditions. A classic historic study following specific decision-making over time on land ownership over generations is told in the Sanderson Farm story at the Harvard Forest: http://www.foresthistory.org/Publications/FHT/FHT1997/SandersonsFarm.pdf Establishment of the baseline and historic circumstances will inform models of future decisions. The summer 2009 project was a proof-of-concept to test the extent to which points could be established and an
Vegetation Patterns in Northeastern North America 1500-2000
Over the last few centuries, human activities have changed the landscape of northeastern North America from mostly forested to a patchwork of forest, farmland and logged areas, back in many areas to mostly forested. Meanwhile, there have been many rapid changes in the composition of the remaining forests, for example, the amounts of hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and beech (Fagus grandifolia) have decreased while the amount of birch (Betula spp.) has increased. How stable have been the basic vegetational patterns under the onslaught of these landscape and compositional changes? In preliminary analyses, the assemblages of major tree taxa have been zoned for every other century, using optimal splitting by information content and other techniques, to study changes in vegetation groupings over the last 500 years. Several patterns seem to be emerging on a centennial scale: First, vegetation patterns were changing in the centuries before European colonization of the area. Second, the number of zones (vegetation types, based on pollen), was greater in 1700 and 1900 than in 1500 or now. Third, the zone boundaries have moved north from 1500 to the present. Further analyses, including several more data sets will be used to refine these conclusions and to suggest explanations for the changes.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Groundwater Chemistry 1984 - current
Water chemistry is measured annually in 11 monitoring wells to characterize regional groundwater chemistry in the Trout Lake area. The chemical parameters measured include pH, conductivity, total alkalinity, disolved inorganic and organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrae, ammonia, total phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, soium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, iron, manganese, total silica and dissolved reactive silica. Chemical data areavailable at a quarterly sampling frequency for some years. In addition (see related data set - Groundwater Level), water levels in 37 monitoring wells are measured several times per year. The wells are scattered throughout the Trout Lake hydrological basin and the data are used to calibrate and test regional groundwater flow models. Sampling Frequency: annually - with some earlier data from quarterly sampling Number of sites: 11
Lake Metabolism at North Temperate Lakes LTER 2000
Recent literature suggests that for many lakes and rivers, the respiratory breakdown of organic matter (R) exceeds production of organic matter by photosynthesis (gross primary production; GPP) within the water body. This metabolic balance (GPP less than R; heterotrophy ) implies that allochthonous organic matter supports a portion of the aquatic ecosystems respiration. Evidence that many lakes are heterotrophic comes from diverse approaches, and debate remains over the circumstances in which heterotrophy exists. The methods used to estimate GPP and R and the limited extent of lake types studied, especially with respect to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, are two reasons for differing conclusions. In this study, O2 and CO2 sondes were deployed during July and August, 2000 to measure diel gas dynamics in the surface waters of 25 lakes in the Northern Highland Lake district of Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The lakes were chosen to span wide and orthogonal ranges in DOC and TP concentrations. From these data, we calculated GPP, R and net ecosystem production (NEP=GPP-R). Over the broad range in TP and DOC among the lakes, diel CO2 and O2 changed on a near 1:1 molar ratio. Metabolism estimates from the two gases were comparable, except at high pH. Most lakes in our data set had -NEP, but GPP and R appeared to be controlled by different factors. TP correlated strongly with GPP, whereas DOC correlated with R. At low DOC concentrations, GPP and R were nearly equal, but at higher DOC, GPP and R uncoupled and lakes had -NEP. Strong correlations between lake metabolism and landscape related variables suggest that allochthonous carbon influences lake metabolism. Sampling Frequency: Chemical parameters and physical properties sampled from 1 to 4 times during the summer. Time series data step is 30 minutes. Number of sites: Time series data for 25 lakes. Chemical and physical data from 31 lakes.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Primary Production - Trout Lake Area 1986 - 2007
Crystal, Sparkling and Trout lakes are sampled approximately fortnightly throughout the ice free period and water is returned to the lab for 3 hour in vivo incubations at ambient temperature. On an annual rotation, one of the lakes is sampled to the bottom of the photic zone (ie. 0.5% of surface light) while only the epilimnion of the other 2 lakes is sampled. All samples are integrated by thermal layer and 14C uptake is deternimed at 10 light levels using a metal-halide lamp. All samples are acidified and bubbled before liquid scintillation counting and uptake is dark bottle corrected. DIC and chlorophyll are also measured. Each P-I (photosynthetic uptake vs irradiance ) set is further reduced to 3 parameters (alpha, beta, and Pmax) based on the work of Platt 1980. In addition, thermal information and lake light transparency profiles (collected approximately fortnightly on these three LTER lakes) along with daily incident PAR at 30 minute intervals (measured at Noble F. Lee Municipal Airport, Woodruff, WI) provide input to a mechanistic model of lake primary productivity. Primary productivity for a lake is calculated from productivity parameters derived from the laboratory uptake experiments, coupled with the lakes' thermal and light regimes. 1. PI parameters: Productivity (P), as a function of irradiance (I), is described by a hyperbolic tangent curve with three parameters (Platt 1980). The three parameters describe the initial slope of the curve, the I at which maximum P occurs, and the decay rate of P, following maximum P. All three parameters are fit simultaneously to laboratory observations, using minimization of a least squares objective function (Matlab v. 6, Mathworks, Inc.). The parameters allow for the calculation of P, as a function of I, for a given thermal stratum of a given lake on a given day. 2. LEC: Light extinction coefficients (LEC) for each lake are calculated as the slope of the best fit line through the natural logs of observations of light at
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Manure Managment in Urbanizing Settings 2003 - 2004
The management of manure in urbanizing settings is a critical issue in the Lake Mendota watershed. The primary focus of this project was to examine the difficulties faced by livestock operations when managing manure on field systems that are fragmented by development. A survey regarding manure management was sent to Dane County, WI farms within the Lake Mendota watershed. The survey was conducted in two phases; March to May 2003 and March to May 2004. This dataset and accompanying survey entitled "Manure Management on the Urban Fringe" is available for users wishing to ascertain animal feeding operation size and management patterns in the Lake Mendota watershed. The data also include the distance from animal feeding operations to nearest urban centers via Euclidean (crow flies) and Road Network distances. Results suggest that exurban developments exert a strong influence on manure management routines of livestock producers. This influence is very local. Farmers in an urbanizing setting were more likely to encounter problems during manure hauling when the fields they were accessing were in close proximity to urban developments, regardless of their proximity to the urban core. The distances and times required to haul manure between the farm and the most distant field increased in the last five years. Land rental rates steadily increased at the same time that lease lengths shortened. Cash grain land tends to be sparse as livestock producers compete with developers for tracts on which to distribute manure. Manure brokering is a possible strategy to monitor land availability and coordinate manure placement between farms Cabot, P. E., S. K. Bowen, and P. J. Nowak. 2004. Manure management in urbanizing settings. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59:235-243. The survey "Manure Management on the Urban Fringe" was developed with assistance from Roger Schmidt and Charmaine Tryon-Petith with the Integrated Crop and Pest Management Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological - Trout Lake Buoy2 - ADCP 2005 - 2006
This instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, and lake metabolism. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is associated with this buoy. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. The thermistors are placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 13m, and meteorological sensors measure relative humidity, air temperature and wind parameters. In the fall of 2005, the buoy also included 4 Greenspan dissolved oxygen sensors placed at depths from the lake surface to 10m. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Water Temperature Data - Trout Lake Buoy2 - ADCP 2005 - 2006
This instrumented buoy on Trout Lake is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from depths placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 13m. The Trout Lake buoy is also equipped with meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure and weather conditions. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is associated with this buoy. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Dissolved Oxygen Data - Trout Lake Buoy2 - ADCP 2005
During the fall 2005, this instrumented buoy on Trout Lake was equipped with 4 Greenspan dissolved oxygen sensors placed at depths from the lake surface to 10m. Parameters measured at each depth included dissolved oxygen (DO), DO saturation and water temperature. Currently, this buoy measures air temperature, relative humidity and various wind parameters. It also is equipped with a thermistor chain that measures water temperature from depths placed every 0.5-1m from the surface through 13m. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) is associated with this buoy. Data are usually collected every 10 minutes with occasional periods of 2 minute data for short periods to answer specific questions. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Dissolved oxygen (DO) data were collected for period 27 Aug 2005 through 3 Nov 2005. Sampling Frequency: varies for instantaneous sample. averaged to hourly and daily values from one minute samples Number of sites: 1
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.