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170 results for “novel interactions”
Raw data for: Novel food resources and conservation of ecological interactions between the Andean Araucaria and the Austral parakeet
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Seed limitation interacts with biotic and abiotic factors to constrain novel species’ impact on community biomass and richness
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Novel plant-microbe interactions: rapid evolution of a legume-rhizobium mutualism in restored prairies
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Body size mediates trophic interaction strength of novel fish assemblages under climate change
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Nutribloods: Novel synthetic lepidopteran haemolymphs for understanding insect-microbe nutritional interactions in vitro
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Data from: A ketocarotenoid-based color polymorphism in the Sira poison frog Ranitomeya sirensis indicates novel gene interactions underlying aposematic signal variation
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Data from: Hybridization between genetically modified Atlantic salmon and wild brown trout reveals novel ecological interactions
Interspecific hybridization is a route for transgenes from genetically modified (GM) animals to invade wild populations, yet the ecological effects and potential risks that may emerge from such hybridization are unknown. Through experimental crosses, we demonstrate transmission of a growth hormone transgene via hybridization between a candidate for commercial aquaculture production, GM Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and closely related wild brown trout (S. trutta). Transgenic hybrids were viable and grew more rapidly than transgenic salmon and other non-transgenic crosses in hatchery-like conditions. In stream mesocosms designed to more closely emulate natural conditions, transgenic hybrids appeared to express competitive dominance and suppressed the growth of transgenic and non-transgenic (wild-type) salmon by 82% and 54%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of environmental impacts of hybridization between a GM animal and a closely related species. These results provide empirical evidence of the first steps towards introgression of foreign transgenes into the genomes of new species and contribute to the growing evidence that transgenic animals have complex and context-specific interactions with wild populations. We suggest that interspecific hybridization be explicitly considered when assessing the environmental consequences should transgenic animals escape to nature.
Data from: Do soil biota influence the outcome of novel interactions between plant competitors?
1. Species are shifting their ranges, for example to higher elevations, in response to climate change. Different plant species and soil microbiota will likely shift their ranges at different rates, giving rise to novel communities of plants and soil organisms. However, the ecological consequences of such novel plant-soil interactions are poorly understood. We experimentally simulated scenarios for novel interactions arising between high- and low elevation plants and soil biota following asynchronous climate change range shifts, asking to what extent the ability of plants to coexist depends on the origin of the soil biota. 2. In a greenhouse experiment, we grew pairs of low- (Poa trivialis and Plantago lanceolata) and high- (Poa alpina and Plantago alpina) elevation plant species alone and against a density gradient of con- or heterospecific neighbours. Plants grew on sterilized field soil that was inoculated with a soil community sampled from either low- or high elevation in the western Swiss Alps. We used the experiment to parameterize competition models, from which we predicted the population-level outcomes of competition in the presence of the different soil biota. 3. In the absence of neighbours, three of the four species produced more biomass with the low elevation soil biota. As a result of generally similar responses across plant species, soil biota tended not to affect plant interaction outcomes, with the low elevation species generally predicted to competitively exclude high elevation species irrespective of the soil biota origin. However, the low elevation grass Poa trivialis was only able to invade communities of Poa alpina in the presence of a low elevation soil biota. This suggests that, at least in some cases, the outcome of novel competitive interactions following climate change will depend on whether shifts in the distribution of plant and soil organisms are asynchronous. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that the changing soil communities that plants encounter during range expansion can influence plant performance. However, this is only likely to alter our expectations for the ability of plants to coexist following climate change if plant species respond differently to the change in the soil community.
Spatiotemporal interactions of a novel mesocarnivore community in an urban environment before and during SARS‐CoV‐2 lockdown
<p>1. Studying species interactions and niche segregation under human pressure provides important insights into species adaptation, community functioning and ecosystem stability. Due to their high plasticity in behaviour and diet, urban mesocarnivores are ideal species for studying community assembly in novel communities.</p> <p>2. We analysed the spatial and temporal species interactions of an urban mesocarnivore community composed of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the marten (Martes sp.) as native species, the raccoon (Procyon lotor) as invasive species, and the cat (Felis catus) as a domestic species in combination with human disturbance modulated by the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown effect that happened while the study was conducted.</p> <p>3. We analysed camera-trap data and applied a joint species distribution model to understand not only the environmental variables influencing the detection of mesocarnivores and their use intensity of environmental features but also the species' co-occurrences while accounting for environmental variables. We then assessed whether they displayed temporal niche partitioning based on activity analyses, and finally analysed at a smaller temporal scale the time of delay after the detection of another focal species.</p> <p>4. We found that species were more often detected and displayed a higher use intensity in gardens during the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown period, while showing a shorter temporal delay during the same period, meaning a high human-induced spatio-temporal overlap. All three wild species spatially co-occurred within the urban area, with a positive response of raccoons to cats in detection and use intensity, whereas foxes showed a negative trend towards cats. When assessing the temporal partitioning, we found that all wild species showed overlapping nocturnal activities. All species displayed temporal segregation based on temporal delay. According to the temporal delay analyses, cats were the species avoided the most by all wild species. To conclude, we found that although the wild species were positively associated in space, the avoidance occurred at a smaller temporal scale, and human pressure in addition led to high spatio-temporal overlap.</p> <p>5. Our study sheds light to the complex patterns underlying the interactions in a mesocarnivore community both spatially and temporally, and the exacerbated effect of human pressure on community dynamics.</p>
Habitat mediates coevolved but not novel species interactions
<p>On-going recovery of native predators has the potential to alter species interactions, with community and ecosystem wide implications. We estimated co-occurrence of three species of conservation and management interest from a multi-species citizen science camera trap survey. We demonstrate fundamental differences in novel and co-evolved predator-prey interactions that are mediated by habitat. Specifically, we demonstrate that anthropogenic habitat modification had no influence on the expansion of the recovering native pine marten in Ireland, nor does it affect the predator's suppressive influence on an invasive prey species, the grey squirrel. In contrast, the direction of the interaction between the pine marten and a native prey species, the red squirrel, is dependent on habitat. Pine martens had a positive influence on red squirrel occurrence at a landscape scale, especially in native broadleaved woodlands. However, in areas dominated by non-native conifer plantations, the pine marten reduced red squirrel occurrence. These findings suggest that following the recovery of a native predator, the benefits of competitive release are spatially structured and habitat specific. The potential for past and future landscape modification to alter established interactions between predators and prey has global implications in the context of the on-going recovery of predator populations in human-modified landscapes.</p>
Data from: Experimental assemblage of novel plant-herbivore interactions: ecological host shifts after 40 million years of isolation
Geographic isolation is the first step in insect herbivore diet specialization. Such specialization is postulated to increase insect fitness, but may simultaneously reduce insect ability to colonize novel hosts. During the Paleocene-Eocene, plants from the order Zingiberales became isolated either in the Paleotropics or in the Neotropics. During the Cretaceous, rolled-leaf beetles diversified in the Neotropics concurrently with neotropical Zingiberales. Using a community of Costa Rican rolled-leaf beetles and their Zingiberales host plants as study system, we explored if previous geographic isolation precludes insects to expand their diets to exotic hosts. We recorded interactions between rolled-leaf beetles and native Zingiberales by combining DNA barcodes and field records for 7450 beetles feeding on 3202 host plants. To determine phylogenetic patterns of diet expansions, we set 20 field plots including five exotic Zingiberales, recording beetles feeding on these exotic hosts. In the laboratory, using both native and exotic host plants, we reared a subset of insect species that had expanded their diets to the exotic plants. The original plant-herbivore community comprised 24 beetle species feeding on 35 native hosts, representing 103 plant-herbivore interactions. After exotic host plant introduction, 20% of the beetle species expanded their diets to exotic Zingiberales. Insects only established on exotic hosts that belong to the same plant family as their native hosts. Laboratory experiments show that beetles are able to complete development on these novel hosts. In conclusion, rolled-leaf beetles are pre-adapted to expand their diets to novel host plants even after millions of years of geographic isolation.
Figure 4 in Novel trophic interaction: the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) is a facultative parasitoid of the desert scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 4. Suitable distributional areas for the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris and the scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus predicted with ecological niche modeling. The map shows the climatically suitable range for the scuttle fly under the minimum training presence threshold which included all known training occurrence points and under 10 percentile training presence threshold in which 10% of the occurrence points used in training models was omitted. Distribution for M. eupeus mongolicus was generated from Shi, Liang, et al. (2015). The crossed circle indicates the place where parasitised scorpions were collected.
Figure 3 in Novel trophic interaction: the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) is a facultative parasitoid of the desert scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 3. Genetic divergences among the haplotypes of Megaselia scalaris are shown as NeighborNet based on p-distances of mtCOI sequences. Circle sizes are proportional to the number of isolates sharing the haplotypes. Isolates from the scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus are all included in Hap8.
Figure 1 in Novel trophic interaction: the scuttle fly Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) is a facultative parasitoid of the desert scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
Figure 1. Scorpion, Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus (a) and its parasitoid scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris (b–e): (a) a female scorpion; (b) larvae of fly emerging from the genital operculum of scorpion; (c) fly larva; (d) fly pupa; (e) a male fly.
The effects of novel leaf litter deposition on competitive, predator–prey and host–parasite interactions of American toad larvae
<p>Wetland plant communities are changing rapidly due to a wide range of human activities. The deposition of leaf litter from novel plant communities can alter both the chemical and physical habitat of aquatic ecosystems. Lesser understood are the ecological consequences of novel leaf litter inputs in aquatic communities. Towards this goal, we used two plant invasion scenarios (comparing native black huckleberry to exotic autumn olive and native swamp loosestrife to exotic purple loosestrife) to simulate a shift in wetland plant communities. In this study, we investigated the effects of novel leaf litter leachates on three aquatic ecological interactions: intraspecific competition, predation, and parasitism. We examined how leaf litter leachates influence the interactions of American toad larvae (Anaxyrus americanus) with their conspecifics, a dragonfly predator (Anax spp.) and a trematode parasite (Echinostomatidae). We found that leaf litter type influenced competitive interactions only for the huckleberry versus autumn olive comparison. We did not detect any effects of leaf litter type on predator-prey interactions. Finally, litter type strongly influenced host-parasite interactions for both leaf litter comparisons, altering host susceptibility, parasite survival and net infection rates. These results highlight the breadth of potential ecological repercussions of shifting wetland plant communities for native ecosystems.</p>
FIG. 1 in A novel food preference in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx: mother-pup interaction a strategy for learning
FIG. 1. Out-flying activity of different groups of C. sphinx pups during novel food preference test. The recorded number of out-flying activity did not significantly vary between the groups of pups. Data were shown as 0 ± SEM
FIG. 2 in A novel food preference in the greater short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus sphinx: mother-pup interaction a strategy for learning
FIG. 2. Behavioural responses of C. sphinx pups to the novel food during preference test. Pups feeding attempts (A), and feeding bouts (B) to the known and novel fruits, pups trained with mother showed more number of feeding attempts and bouts towards the novel fruits than other group pups. Data were shown as 0 ± SEM; *** — P <0.001
Supplementary data for paper "RNA in situ conformation sequencing reveals novel long-range RNA interactions that impact splicing"
<p>Supplementary data for paper "RNA in situ conformation sequencing reveals novel long-range RNA structures with impact on splicing".</p> <p>Data showing support for PCCR (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22549-7">paper</a>) in RIC-seq data (<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE190214">archive</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p>S1: for each supported PCCR lists numbers of experiments with inner and outer support and number of supporting reads in each experiment</p> <p>S2: for select PCCR lists supporting and non-supporting cell lines, total number of supporting reads and mean PSI in each group, and difference in mean PSI between the groups</p>
Data from: Predicting novel trophic interactions in a non-native world
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Data from: Do soil biota influence the outcome of novel interactions between plant competitors?
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.