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58 results for “nutrient additions”
Vertebrate grazing can mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi-natural grassland
<p>Human-induced nutrient eutrophication is a major threat to grassland biodiversity, because it promotes the dominance of fast-growing plants. Negative impacts of fertilization on plant biodiversity may be offset by grazing by large vertebrate herbivores. However, whether grazers also mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on insects is less well understood. We use a field experiment to test how plant communities and abundances of pollinators and grasshoppers respond to nutrient addition and grazing by different assemblages of large herbivores, i.e., access by all herbivores (including cattle and horses), access by wild herbivores only (wild boar and deer), no access by large herbivores. Plant biomass increased, plant diversity decreased and community composition shifted towards lower forb cover in response to fertilization, but only in the absence of all herbivores. Flower visitation by Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), i.e., the most abundant pollinator group, was reduced by nutrient addition only in the absence of all herbivores and was positively related to flowering plant richness. In contrast, flower visitation by Diptera (e.g., hoverflies) was enhanced by fertilization, but not affected by grazing. Orthoptera (grasshopper) abundance was reduced by grazing and enhanced by nutrient addition, with positive impacts of fertilization tending to be stronger in plots with only wild or no herbivores. The abundance of grasshoppers was positively related to grass biomass. We conclude that vertebrate herbivores can offset impacts of fertilization on both plant and insect communities, making grazing by large mammals an essential tool to protect insects, particularly pollinators. Most responses to nutrient addition were only apparent in plots without any large herbivores, suggesting that wild herbivores alone could already mitigate nutrient impacts. We also show that insects with contrasting feeding guilds may be favoured by fertilized, ungrazed conditions. Therefore, creating a mosaic of patches grazed at different intensities will enhance overall insect biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Species-specific responses of foliar nutrients to long-term nitrogen and phosphorus additions in a lowland tropical forest
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Vertebrate grazing can mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi-natural grassland
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Data from: Simulated caribou browsing limits the effect of nutrient addition on the growth of Betula glandulosa, an expanding shrub species in Eastern Canada
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Nutrient addition, but not predator exclusion, shapes arthropod communities and herbivory in a temperate forest
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Data from: Phytoplankton growth and stoichiometric responses to warming, nutrient addition and grazing depend on lake productivity and cell size
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Mowing does not redress the negative effect of nutrient addition on alpha and beta diversity in a temperate grassland
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Data from: Declines in occurrence of plants characteristic for a nutrient-poor meadow habitat are partly explained by their responses to nutrient addition and competition
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Data from: Long and short-term responses of Asclepias species differ in respect to fire, grazing, and nutrient addition
Premise: The tallgrass prairie ecosystem has experienced a dramatic reduction over the last 150 years. This reduction has impacted the abundance of native grassland species including milkweeds (Asclepias). Methods: Here we use two long-term (27-year) datasets to examine how fire, grazing, and nutrient addition shape milkweed abundance in tallgrass prairie. We compare these results to a greenhouse experiment that varies nutrient levels in the absence competition, herbivory, and mutualistic relationships. Key Results: We find that Asclepias species exhibit broad patterns in response to burning regimes that do not include grazing, but experience more species-specific patterns in other combinations. Asclepias syriaca was the only species to increase in abundance in plots that included burning and nutrient addition. In the greenhouse we find that nitrogen significantly increases biomass while no effect of phosphorus was detected. Conclusions: These results indicate that A. syriaca will do best in settings with high nutrient loads, low competition, and no grazers. These characteristics define a small portion of the tallgrass prairie, while these conditions exemplify modern agricultural settings, which have replaced prairies. However, other milkweed examined did not share this pattern. This indicates that milkweed species will respond differently when exposed to agricultural settings, with some less able to cope with land conversion to pasture or row crop agriculture.
Data from: Above-ground and below-ground responses to long-term nutrient addition across a retrogressive chronosequence
1. There is much interest in understanding ecosystem responses to local-scale soil fertility variation, which has often been studied using retrogressive chronosequences that span thousands of years and show declining fertility and plant productivity over time. There have been few attempts to experimentally test how plant nutrient limitation changes during retrogression. 2. We studied a well-characterized system of 30 forested lake islands in northern Sweden that collectively represent a 5350-year post-fire retrogressive chronosequence, with fertility and productivity decreasing as time since fire increases. For each island we set up four plots on understorey vegetation, each subjected to a different fertilizer treatment over six years: no additions, nitrogen (N) only, phosphorus (P) only, and N + P. 3. We found that both N and P additions reduced feather moss and thus total plant biomass. Meanwhile the three dominant vascular plant species showed contrasting biomass responses, but similar responses of foliar nutrient concentrations to nutrient additions. Fertilization reduced most microbial groups and altered CO2 fluxes, most likely through feather moss reduction. Against expectations, the majority of interactive effects of N and P were antagonistic. 4. Changes in effects of nutrient additions during retrogression were usually modest. Empetrum hermaphroditum biomass was increasingly promoted by P and N + P addition while vascular plant N to P ratios were increasingly reduced by P addition, indicating increasing plant limitation by nutrients (notably P) during retrogression. Below-ground, positive effects of N addition on soil mineral N increased while negative effects of N addition on soil fungi decreased during retrogression; no other below-ground effects of fertilization changed along the gradient. 5. Synthesis. Our results show that forest understorey communities on islands of different fire history and thus stages of retrogression show relatively modest differences in how they respond to nutrient addition despite large changes in ecosystem productivity and soil fertility, probably because of high species turnover and adaptation of communities to infertile conditions. While increased nutrient availability (as expected through global change) may have important ecological consequences, these effects are likely, especially below-ground, to be rather similar across ecosystems that differ greatly in nutrient availability and productivity.
Effects of additional nutrients on carbohydrate, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin contents in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
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Data from: Nutrient limitation of woody debris decomposition in a tropical forest: contrasting effects of N and P addition
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Data from: Nutrient addition affects scaling relationship of leaf nitrogen to phosphorus in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Data from: Long and short-term responses of Asclepias species differ in respect to fire, grazing, and nutrient addition
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Data from: Above-ground and below-ground responses to long-term nutrient addition across a retrogressive chronosequence
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Nutrient addition incubation experiments over an annual cycle in coastal Newport Beach, CA
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Phytogenic additive from mesquite to improve nutrient digestibility, microbial protein, ruminal parameters and blood metabolites in sheep
<p>Crude data of ingestive behavior of sheep.</p>
Nutrient addition enhances temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition across forest ecosystems
<p>Data of the Q10 value and soil properties for the study entitled "Nutrient addition enhances temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition across forest ecosystems".</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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