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89 results for “nutrient availability”
The effects of microplastics on crop variation depend on polymer types and their interactions with soil nutrient availability and weed competition
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Fungal symbiont diversity drives growth of Holcus lanatus depending on soil nutrient availability
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Data from: Local soil legacy effects in a multi-species grassland community are underlain by root foraging and soil nutrient availability
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Data from: Acceleration or deceleration of litter decomposition by herbivory depends on nutrient availability through intraspecific differences in induced plant resistance traits
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Data from: Influences of summer warming and nutrient availability on Salix glauca L. growth in Greenland along an ice to sea gradient
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Data from: Phenotypic plasticity in floral scent in response to nutrient, but not water, availability in the perennial plant Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae)
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Data from: flamingos as ecosystem engineers: flock size and foraging behaviors linked to nutrient availability
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Exogenous application of plant hormones in the field alters aboveground plant–insect responses and belowground nutrient availability, but does not lead to differences in plant–soil feedbacks
<p>Plant–soil feedbacks of plants that are exposed to herbivory have been shown to differ from those of plants that are not exposed to herbivores. Likely, this process is mediated by jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) defense pathways, which are induced by aboveground herbivory. Furthermore, exogenous application of these phytohormones to plants alters belowground communities, but whether this changes plant–soil feedbacks in natural systems is unknown. We applied exogenous sprays of JA and SA individually and in combination to field plots in a restored grassland. Control plots were sprayed with demineralized water. After three repeated application rounds, we transplanted seedlings of the plant–soil feedback model plant Jacobaea vulgaris as phytometer plants to test the effects of potential phytohormone-mediated changes in the soil, on plant performance during the response phase. We further measured how exogenous application of phytohormones altered plant-related ecosystem characteristics (plot-level); soil chemistry, plot productivity, insect communities and predation. Biomass of the phytometer plants only co-varied with plot productivity, but was not influenced by phytohormone applications. However, we did observe compound-specific effects of SA application on insect communities, most notably on parasitoid attraction, and of JA application on soil nitrogen levels. Although we did not find effects on plant–soil feedbacks, the effects of exogenous application of phytohormones did alter other ecosystem-level processes related to soil nutrient cycling, which may lead to legacy effects in the longer term. Furthermore, exogenous application of phytohormones led to altered attraction of specific insect groups</p>
Data from: Responses of common and rare aliens and natives to nutrient availability and fluctuations
<p>1. Global environmental change not only includes changes in mean environmental conditions but also in temporal environmental fluctuations. Because it is frequently suggested that common species, and particularly invasive alien species, are phenotypically highly plastic, they might benefit more from these fluctuations than rare native and rare alien species. Experimental tests, however, are still lacking.</p> <p>2. Here, we tested whether alien plant species take more advantage of increases in resource levels and fluctuations therein than native species, and whether common species do so more than rare species. Therefore, we grew seven common alien, seven rare alien, nine common native and six rare native herbaceous plants, in one treatment with constantly low nutrient availability and five treatments with high nutrient availability that differed in temporal availability of nutrients (constant, increasing, decreasing, single large pulse, multiple smaller pulses).</p> <p>3. We found that all species produced more biomass and longer roots, and had a lower root mass fraction under high nutrient conditions than under low nutrient conditions, irrespective of their origin and commonness. Among the high nutrient treatments, the temporal pattern of nutrient supply also influenced biomass production, root allocation and root thickness, but the magnitude and/or directions of these responses varied among the groups of species. Particularly, we found that alien plant species, irrespective of whether they are common or rare, produced more biomass, and had a higher root mass fraction when nutrients were supplied as a single pulse in the middle of the growth period instead of supplied at a constant rate, whereas the reverse was true for the native species.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our study suggests that species origin does not drive differences in plant biomass production, root morphology and allocation in response to changes in mean environmental nutrient availability. However in our study, alien plant species, in contrast to native plant species, benefited from a large nutrient pulse. This suggests that increased fluctuations in nutrient availability might promote alien plant invasions.</p>
Data from: Decomposition of coarse woody debris in a long-term litter manipulation experiment: a focus on nutrient availability
1.The majority of aboveground carbon in tropical forests is stored in wood, which is returned to the atmosphere during decomposition of coarse woody debris. However, the factors controlling wood decomposition have not been experimentally manipulated over time scales comparable to the length of this process. 2.We hypothesized that wood decomposition is limited by nutrient availability and tested this hypothesis in a long-term litter addition and removal experiment in a lowland tropical forest in Panama. Specifically, we quantified decomposition using a 15 year chronosequence of decaying boles, and measured respiration rates and nutrient limitation of wood decomposer communities. 3.The long-term probability that a dead tree completely decomposed was decreased in plots where litter was removed, but did not differ between litter addition and control treatments. Similarly, respiration rates of wood decomposer communities were greater in control treatments relative to litter removal plots; litter addition treatments did not differ from either of the other treatments. Respiration rates increased in response to nutrient addition (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the litter removal and addition treatments, but not in the controls. 4.Established decreases in concentrations of soil nutrients in litter removal plots and increased respiration rates in response to nutrient addition suggest that reduced rates of wood decomposition after litter removal were caused by decreased nutrient availability. The effects of litter manipulations differed directionally from a previous short-term decomposition study in the same plots, and reduced rates of bole decomposition in litter removal plots did not emerge until after more than 6 years of decomposition. These differences suggest that litter-mediated effects on nutrient dynamics have complex interactions with decomposition over time.
Experimental data for "The interaction between plastics and microalgae affects community assembly and nutrient availability"
<p>Dataset of the experimental data obtained for the study “The interaction between microplastics and microalgae affects community assembling and nutrient availability” (published on Communications Earth and Environment, DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01706-y). This include 5 different tabular files, which are listed below:</p> <p><strong>Algae growth</strong> Values of chlorophyll fluorescence (as a proxy of algal biomass growth, in arbitrary units) in all treatments between days 1 and 17 of the experiment in the 4 different replicates (shown as different columns).</p> <p><strong>Biofilm growth on plastic</strong> Measures of biofilm coverage (in % of plastic fragment's surface) via image analysis after optical microscopy and chlorophyll fluorescence via spectroscopy (after the analysis of 3 replicates per batch, relative standard deviation below 20%). Data at day 0 indicate the fragments before the incubation with the pelagic community. Data are shown for each treatment containing plastic (i.e., <em>plastic</em>, <em>biofilm</em> and <em>dispersal</em>).</p> <p><strong>Nutrient concentrations</strong> Nutrient concentration in every replicate at different days from the beginning of the experiment. Data are average values after three measure replicates (relative standard deviation below 5%). Data below LODs are shown as LOD/2.</p> <p><strong>Pelagic community composition </strong>Counting values of the different algal species from optical microscopy measurement of all treatments after 5, 8 and 15 days (average values after 3 replicates of measures (relative standard deviation below 25%). The inoculum of the pelagic community before the beginning of the experiment is also included. Species not present in the community or not detected are shown as ND.</p> <p><strong>Photosynthetic efficiency </strong>Values of photosynthetic efficiency (measured with pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorescence) in all treatments at day 5, 8 and 15 of the experiment in the 4 different replicates (shown as different columns).</p>
Data for: Plant host domestication and soil nutrient availability determine positive plant microbial response across the Solanum genus
<p>Domestication of crops has changed how crops shape their associated microbial communities compared to their progenitors. However, studies testing how crop domestication-driven differences in rhizosphere microbial communities affect plant health are limited mostly to specific symbiont pairings. By conducting a soil manipulation greenhouse study, we examined plant growth and yield in response to differences in microbial communities and nutrient availability across a variety of wild, landrace, and cultivated potatoes. Coupled with this, we conducted 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing to examine plant host and soil treatment-driven differences in microbial community composition on potato plant roots. Our results found the plant response to microbes (PRM) is context-dependent. In low nutrient conditions, landraces responded positively to the presence of live soil microbial inocula. Conversely, modern potato varieties positively responded in high nutrient conditions. Amplicon sequencing found differences in bacterial communities due to environmental and temporal factors. However, potato clade (e.g. Andigenum, Chiletanum, <em>S. berthaulti</em>, and Modern) alone did not lead to differences in microbial communities that accounted for PRM differences. Differences in PRM between landraces and modern potatoes, and the correlation of PRM to microbial diversity, suggest that domestication has altered the <em>S. tuberosum</em> response to rhizosphere microbiomes.</p>
Effects of plant-available soil silicon on seedling growth and foliar nutrient status across tropical tree species
<p>Plant-available silicon (Si) concentrations vary considerably across tropical soils, yet the ecological importance of that variation remains largely unresolved. Increased Si availability can enhance growth and modulate foliar nutrient status in many crop species suggesting similar effects might occur in natural systems. However, how growth, foliar Si, and macronutrient concentrations, as well as their stoichiometry, respond to plant-available Si and how these responses differ across tropical tree species is unknown.</p> <p>We experimentally exposed seedlings of 12 tropical tree species to a gradient of plant-available Si concentrations, representing 85% of the variation found across Central Panama, and assessed responses in aboveground growth and foliar nutrient status. Furthermore, we assessed whether higher plant-available Si increases P availability.</p> <p>Increasing plant-available Si led to increased foliar Si concentrations (by up to 140%). It also led to higher aboveground growth (by up to 220%), and it affected foliar C and N concentrations, and nutrient stoichiometry across species. However, at the species level, only a small subset of two to four species showed significant growth and foliar nutrient responses. At the soil level, plant-available P remained unchanged along the experimental soil Si gradient.</p> <p>Our results showed that Si can improve growth and/or modulate foliar nutrient status in a number of tropical tree species. Furthermore, species' growth and foliar nutrient concentrations might vary differently across tropical forest sites varying in plant-available Si. Additionally, Si-induced responses in foliar nutrient stoichiometry have the potential to affect herbivory and litter decomposition. Taken together, natural variation in plant-available Si might influence plant performance unequally across tropical tree species, and change trophic interactions, with potential implications for ecosystem processes.</p>
Exogenous application of plant hormones in the field alters aboveground plant–insect responses and belowground nutrient availability, but does not lead to differences in plant–soil feedbacks
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Data from: Nutrient availability and atmospheric CO2 partial pressure modulate the effects of nutrient heterogeneity on the size structure of populations in grassland species
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Data for: Plant host domestication and soil nutrient availability determine positive plant microbial response across the Solanum genus
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Data from: Quercus suber dieback alters soil respiration and nutrient availability in Mediterranean forests
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Effects of plant-available soil silicon on seedling growth and foliar nutrient status across tropical tree species
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Data for: Plant-soil feedback relationships depend on nutrient availability and stoichiometry
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Data from: Increases and fluctuations in nutrient availability do not promote dominance of alien plants in synthetic communities of common natives
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.