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242 results for “occupancy data”
Data from: Dracula's ménagerie: A multispecies occupancy analysis of lynx, wildcat, and wolf in the Romanian Carpathians
<p>The recovery of terrestrial carnivores in Europe is a conservation success story. Initiatives focused on restoring top predators, require information on how resident species may interact with the re-introduced species as their interactions have the potential to alter food webs, yet such data are scarce for Europe.</p> <p>In this study, we assessed patterns of occupancy and interactions between three carnivore species in the Romanian Carpathians. Romania houses one of the few intact carnivore guilds in Europe, making it an ideal system to assess intraguild interactions, and serve as a guide for reintroductions elsewhere.</p> <p>We used camera trap data from two seasons in Transylvanian forests to assess occupancy and co-occurrence of carnivores using multispecies occupancy models.</p> <p>Mean occupancy in the study area was highest for lynx ( <span>Y</span><sub>winter</sub>= 0.76 95% CI: 0.42-0.92; <span>Y</span>autumn= 0.71 CI: 0.38-0.84) and wolf (<span>Y</span><sub>winte</sub>r= 0.60 CI: 0.34-0.78; <span>Y</span><sub>autum</sub>n= 0.81 CI: 0.25-0.95) and lowest for wildcat (<span>Y</span><sub>winter</sub>= 0.40 CI: 0.19-0.63; <span>Y</span><sub>autumn</sub>= 0.52 CI: 0.17-0.78)</p> <p>We found that marginal occupancy predictors for carnivores varied between seasons. We also found differences in predictors of co-occurrence between seasons for both lynx-wolf and wildcat-wolf co-occurrence. For both seasons, we found that conditional occupancy probabilities of all three species were higher when another species was present.</p> <p>Our results indicate that while there are seasonal differences in predictors of occupancy and co-occurrence of the three species, co-occurrence in our study area is high, and is dependent on the existence of continuous, relatively undisturbed forests.</p> <p>Terrestrial carnivore recovery efforts are ongoing worldwide. Insights into interspecific relations between carnivore species are critical when considering the depauperate communities they are introduced in. Our work showcases that apex carnivore coexistence is possible, but dependent on protection afforded to forest habitats and their prey base.</p>
Replication data for: Occupations and their impact on the spreading of COVID-19 in urban communities
<p>This dataset contains real-world COVID-19 human-to-human transmission network data. The data mimics how COVID-19 infections may have spread from one individual to another in Bucharest (Romania) during August 1<sup>st</sup> and October 31<sup>st</sup>, 2020. The information refers to COVID-19 patients (referees) and their contacts (referrals), i.e., the people they interacted with before being tested COVID-19 positive. The dataset is structured as an edge-list file (referee - referral ties). For each referee (referral), we provide the following attributes: sex (male/female), age, sector (public/private), a job in the medical sector (yes/no), ISCO-08 one-digit code, ISCO-08 two-digit code, ISCO-08 three-digit code, employability (active/non-active), age class (minor, adult, pensioner), confirmation month (when a patient was tested positive for COVID-19 infection), confirmation day (when a patient was tested positive for COVID-19 infection). The data were analyzed using relational hyperevent modeling (<a href="https://github.com/juergenlerner/eventnet">https://github.com/juergenlerner/eventnet</a>). </p> <p>This dataset allows replication of the analysis reported in the manuscript entitled: Occupations and their impact on the spreading of COVID-19 in urban communities (Hâncean M-G, Lerner J, Perc M, Oană I, Bunaciu D-A, Stoica AA & Ghiță M-C). </p>
Occupational and environmental diseases by operating results report of 43 files from Health Data Center (HDC)
<p>Data used in this study were from the Health Data Center (HDC); permission to use these data can be requested from the Health Data Center (HDC), Ministry of Public Health Thailand. <br> This study got approval from the Health Data Center (HDC)(reference no.0212-78) to use the data on pesticide pollutions (insecticide and herbicide) in provinces years 2018-2020 excluding Bangkok because data from Bangkok were not reported on HDC. Included pesticide poisoning from DIAGNOSIS_OPD and DIAGNOSIS_IPD files which used to DIAGCODE were 'T600','T601','T602','T603','T604','T608','T609' without the X68 code. </p> <p><strong>File descriptions</strong>: The pesticide pollutions (pesticide-induced, insecticide, and herbicide) in provinces years 2018-2020:<br> cwt : post code <br> cwt_n : province names<br> 63_pop : population in 2020<br> N63_pesticide : pesticide-induced patients in 2020<br> P63_pesticide : prevalence of pesticide-induced patients in years 2020<br> N63_Insecticide : insecticide patients in 2020<br> P63_Insecticide : prevalence of insecticide patients in years 2020<br> N63_Herbicide : herbicide patients in 2020<br> P63_Herbicide : prevalence of herbicide patients in years 2020<br> N63_Other : other pesticide patients in 2020<br> P63_Other : prevalence of other pesticide patients in years 2020<br> 62_pop : population in 2019<br> N62_pesticide : pesticide-induced patients in 2019<br> P62_pesticide : prevalence of pesticide-induced patients in years 2019<br> N62_Insecticide : insecticide patients in 2019<br> P62_Insecticide : prevalence of insecticide patients in years 2019<br> N62_Herbicide : herbicide patients in 2019<br> P62_Herbicide : prevalence of herbicide patients in years 2019<br> N62_Other : other pesticide patients in 2019<br> P62_Other : prevalence of other pesticide patients in years 2019<br> 61_pop : population in 2018<br> N61_pesticide : pesticide-induced patients in 2018<br> P61_pesticide : prevalence of pesticide-induced patients in years 2018<br> N61_Insecticide : insecticide patients in 2018<br> P61_Insecticide : prevalence of insecticide patients in years 2018<br> N61_Herbicide : herbicide patients in 2018<br> P61_Herbicide : prevalence of herbicide patients in years 2018<br> N61_Other : other pesticide patients in 2018<br> P61_Other : prevalence of other pesticide patients in years 2018</p> <p>P3y_pesticide : average prevalence of pesticide-induced patients from 2018 to 2020<br> P3y_Insecticide : average prevalence of insecticide patients from 2018 to 2020<br> P3y_Herbicide : average prevalence of herbicide patients from 2018 to 2020<br> P3y_Other : average prevalence of other pesticide patients from 2018 to 2020</p>
Data from: Influences of ski-runs, meadow management and climate on the occupancy of reptiles and amphibians in a high-altitude environment of Italy
<p>Alpine ecosystems harbour a rich and highly-specialized biodiversity which is particularly susceptible to anthropogenic disturbances such as habitat loss and fragmentation as well as to climate change. Combined with other forms of land-use conversion, construction and maintenance of ski resorts can have severe consequences on alpine biodiversity. In this study, we show how one amphibian and two reptile species, namely <em>Rana </em><em>temporaria</em>, <em>Zootoca</em><em> vivipara</em> and <em>Vipera</em><em> </em><em>berus</em>, respond to such impacts by means of a multi-season occupancy analysis. We found all three species both in and outside ski-runs, showing that these habitats do not necessarily preclude their occurrence. Contrarily, this is influenced more by microhabitat availability, such as ground vegetation, humid areas, and rock cover, rather than by macro-characteristics like elevation or habitat type. Moreover, we found a climatic influence on the year-to-year occupancy change of the species, with activity-months conditions being more relevant than overwintering ones. Our results demonstrate how, in the specific case of reptiles and amphibians, ski resorts do not necessarily limit species' occurrence and that a mild series of management actions might secure the species' persistence in the area.</p>
Data from: Coupled vertical double quantum dots at single-hole occupancy
<p>Figures and Data for the paper "<span>Coupled vertical double quantum dots at single-hole</span><br><span>occupancy</span>" by A. Ivlev and H. Tidjani et al.</p> <p>See Readme file for details on replotting the figures.</p>
Data from: Integrating niche and occupancy models to infer the distribution of an endemic fossorial snake (Atractus lasallei)
<p>Understanding species distribution and habitat preferences is crucial for effective conservation strategies. However, the lack of information about population responses to environmental change at different scales hinders effective conservation measures. In this study, we estimate the potential and realized distribution of <em>Atractus lasallei</em>, a semi-fossorial snake endemic to the northwestern region of Colombia. We modelled the potential distribution of <em>A. lasallei</em> based on ecological niche theory (using maxent), and habitat use was characterized while accounting for imperfect detection using a single-season occupancy model. Our results suggest that <em>A. lasallei</em> selects areas characterized by slopes below 10°, with high average annual precipitation (>2500mm/year) and herbaceous and shrubby vegetation. Its potential distribution encompasses the northern Central Cordillera and two smaller centers along the Western Cordillera, but its habitat is heavily fragmented within this potential distribution. When the two models are combined, the species' realized distribution sums up to 935 km<sup>2</sup>, highlighting its vulnerability. We recommend approaches that focus on variability at different spatio-temporal scales to better comprehend the variables that affect species' ranges and identify threats to vulnerable species. Prompt actions are needed to protect herbaceous and shrub vegetation in this region, highly demanded for agriculture and cattle grazing.</p>
Accompanying data for the paper "Making Sense of Wildlife Habitat Use on Active Oil Sands Mines: Quasi-experiments, Occupancy Models, Trends Assessments, and Upland Habitat Reclamation"
<p>This data set contains both the raw species detection records and the derived occupancy model data used to assess usage patterns for the nine species of wildlife. Data have been anonymized by using non-identifying company and lease names. These attributes are not required to reproduce the results in this paper and was done per contractual requirements between LGL Limited and its clients.</p> <p>Data is currently being reviewed by the client and will be shared publicly once final approval has been received.</p>
Data from: Community ecology in a bottle: Leveraging eDNA metabarcoding data to predict occupancy of co-occurring species
<p>Detecting environmental DNA (eDNA) of numerous organisms from the same samples has been revolutionized by metabarcoding. However, utilizing the vast amounts of data generated from metabarcoding to predict occupancy probabilities for co-occurring species is currently rare. Here, we demonstrate how metabarcoding data can be used to advance community ecology research through a case study using replicate stream water samples and Bayesian occupancy models to test hypotheses of eDNA occurrence for a native fish (brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis), its major ectoparasite (gill lice, Salmincola edwardsii), and an introduced potential competitor (brown trout, Salmo trutta). Gill lice DNA occupancy was positively associated with brook trout biomass determined via electrofishing conducted near eDNA sampling sites, suggesting gill lice occupancy is dependent on host density. Leveraging site-specific molecular operational taxonomic units identified from metabarcoding, DNA occupancy of trout and gill lice was often positively predicted by species richness of aquatic insect orders trout commonly feed on, which are also environmental quality indicators. Thus, high-quality habitat that environmentally sensitive salmonids and their primary prey rely on may promote higher fish occupancy rates, further facilitating the spread of fish parasites. An increasing amount of community-level data is being generated from global metabarcoding efforts, and we suggest our framework could be broadly implemented to enhance understanding of factors impacting distributions of co-occurring species, reveal new ecological phenomena, and support management and conservation efforts.</p>
Data from the article titled Mapping of networks and professional capital in the La Algarabía occupational center.
<p>Project PID2020-117020GB-I00 , funded by : Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España/<br>AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the predoctoral contracts grant for the training of PhD implemented by<br>the [grant number PRE2021-098075]</p>
Occupant Simulation Data based on Honda Accord 2024 Simplified Passenger Model and Full-factorial Sampling with 3,125 samples and HIII05F, HIII50M, HIII95M
<p>Database and FE-models with 9,375 Honda Accord 2014 passenger occupant simulations. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Odonate species occupancy frequency distribution and abundance – occupancy relationship patterns in temporal and permanent water bodies in a subtropical area
<p>This paper investigates species richness and species occupancy frequency distributions (SOFD) as well as patterns of abundance-occupancy relationship (SAOR) in Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) in a subtropical area. A total of 82 species and 1983 individuals were noted from 73 permanent and temporal water bodies (lakes and ponds) in the Pampa biome in southern Brazil. Odonate species occupancy ranged from 1 to 54. There were few widely distributed generalist species and several specialist species with a restricted distribution. About 70% of the species occurred in less than 10% of the water bodies, yielding a surprisingly high number of rare species, often making up the majority of the communities. No difference in species richness was found between temporal and permanent water bodies. Both temporal and permanent water bodies had odonate assemblages that fitted best with the unimodal satellite SOFD pattern. It seems that unimodal satellite SOFD pattern frequently occurred in the aquatic habitats. The SAOR pattern was positive and did not differ between permanent and temporal water bodies. Our results are consistent with a niche-based model rather than a metapopulation dynamics model.</p>
Using machine learning to model nontraditional spatial dependence in occupancy data
<p>Spatial models for occupancy data are used to estimate and map the true presence of a species, which may depend on biotic and abiotic factors as well as spatial autocorrelation. Traditionally researchers have accounted for spatial autocorrelation in occupancy data by using a correlated normally distributed site-level random effect, which might be incapable of modeling nontraditional spatial dependence such as discontinuities and abrupt transitions. Machine learning approaches have the potential to model nontraditional spatial dependence, but these approaches do not account for observer errors such as false absences. By combining the flexibility of Bayesian hierarchal modeling and machine learning approaches, we present a general framework to model occupancy data that accounts for both traditional and nontraditional spatial dependence as well as false absences. We demonstrate our framework using six synthetic occupancy data sets and two real data sets. Our results demonstrate how to model both traditional and nontraditional spatial dependence in occupancy data which enables a broader class of spatial occupancy models that can be used to improve predictive accuracy and model adequacy.</p>
Data from: Multispecies site occupancy modeling and study design for spatially replicated environmental DNA metabarcoding
<p>Although environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has become widely applied to gauge ecosystems in a noninvasive and cost-efficient manner, false negatives can occur due to various factors in its inherent multistage workflow. It is therefore essential to deal with this kind of species detection errors in eDNA metabarcoding to achieve accurate assessment of species distribution and diversity. To address this issue, we proposed a variant of the multispecies site occupancy model for eDNA metabarcoding studies and applied it to an eDNA metabarcoding dataset of freshwater fish communities collected in the Kasumigaura watershed in Japan.</p> <ul> </ul>
Data from: Gobbling across landscapes: Eastern wild turkey distribution and occupancy-habitat associations
<p>Extensive restoration and translocation efforts beginning in the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century helped to reestablish eastern wild turkeys (<i>Meleagris gallopavo silvestris</i>) throughout their ancestral range. The adaptability of wild turkeys resulted in further population expansion in regions that were considered unfavorable during initial reintroductions across the northern United States. Identification and understanding of species distributions and contemporary habitat associations are important for guiding effective conservation and management strategies across different ecological landscapes. To investigate differences in wild turkey distribution across two contrasting regions, heavily forested northern Wisconsin, USA, and predominately agricultural southeast Wisconsin, we conducted 3,050 gobbling call-count surveys from March–May 2014–2018 and used multiseason correlated-replicate occupancy models to evaluate occupancy-habitat associations and distributions of wild turkeys in each study region. Detection probabilities varied widely and were influenced by sampling period, time of day, and wind speed. Spatial autocorrelation between successive stations was prevalent along survey routes but were stronger in our northern study area. In heavily forested northern Wisconsin, turkeys were more likely to occupy areas characterized by moderate availability of open land cover. Conversely, large agricultural fields decreased the likelihood of turkey occupancy in southeast Wisconsin, but occupancy probability increased as upland hardwood forest cover became more aggregated on the landscape. Turkeys in northern Wisconsin were more likely to occupy landscapes with less snow cover and a higher percentage of row crops planted in corn. However, we were unable to find supporting evidence in either study area that abandonment of turkeys from survey routes was associated with snow depth or with the percentage of agricultural cover. Spatially, model-predicted estimates of patch-specific occupancy indicated turkey distribution was nonuniform across northern and southeast Wisconsin. Our findings demonstrate that the environmental constraints of turkey occupancy varied across the latitudinal gradient of the state with open cover, snow, and row crops being influential in the north, and agricultural areas and hardwood forest cover important in the southeast. These forces contribute to non-stationarity in wild turkey-environmental relationships. Key habitat-occupancy associations identified in our results can be used to prioritize and strategically target management efforts and resources in areas that are more likely to harbor sustainable turkey populations.</p>
Data for: The indoor mycobiomes of daycare centers are affected by occupancy and climate
<p>With an alarming increase in chronic diseases like childhood asthma and allergies, there is an increased focus on the exposure of young children to indoor biological and chemical air pollutants. Our study of 125 daycares throughout Norway demonstrates that the indoor mycobiome not only reflects cooccurring outdoor fungi but also includes a high abundance of yeast and mold fungi with an affinity for indoor environments.</p>
Data from: Integrating multiple sign types to improve occupancy estimation for inconspicuous species
<p><span class="Dummy">Standard occupancy models</span><span class="Dummy"> enable unbiased estimation of occupancy by accounting for observation errors such as missed detections (false negatives) and, less commonly, incorrect detections (false positives). Occupancy models are fitted to data from repeated site visits in which surveyors record evidence of species presence. Use of indirect sign (e.g., scat, tracks) as evidence of presence can vastly improve survey efficiency for inconspicuous species but can also introduce additional sources of error. We developed a "multi‐sign" occupancy approach to model the detection process separately for unique sign types and used this method to improve estimates of occupancy dynamics for an inconspicuous species, the American pika (</span><em><span class="fi">Ochotona princeps</span></em><span class="Dummy">). We investigated how estimates of pika occupancy and environmental drivers differed under four increasingly realistic representations of the observation process: (1) perfect detection (commonly assumed for modeling pika occupancy), (2) standard occupancy model (single observation process without possibility of false detection), (3) multi‐sign with no false detections (non‐false positive model), and (4) multi‐sign with false detections (full model). For the multi‐sign occupancy models, we modeled the detection of each sign type (fresh scat, fresh haypiles, pika calls, and pika sightings) separately as a function of climatic and environmental covariates. Estimates of occupancy processes and inferences about environmental drivers were sensitive to different detection models. Simplified representations of the detection processes generally resulted in higher occupancy estimates and higher turnover rates than the full multi‐sign model. Environmental drivers also varied in their influence on occupancy models, where (e.g.) forb cover was estimated to more strongly influence occupancy in the full multi‐sign model than the simpler models. As has been reported previously in other contexts, unmodeled heterogeneity in the observation process can lead to biases in occupancy processes and uncertainty in the relationships between occupancy and environmental covariates. Overall, our multi‐sign approach to dynamic occupancy modeling, which accounts for spatiotemporal variation in reliability among sign types, has strong potential to generate more realistic estimates of occupancy dynamics for inconspicuous species.</span></p>
Validation data for macromolecular occupancy estimation
<p>Macromolecular densities used to validate OccuPy v0.1:</p> <ol> <li>Synthetic densities of pdb 1UXI with altered: <ul> <li>Occupancy of chain A</li> <li>Occupancy of NAD cofactors </li> <li>Bfactor of chain A at occupancy 0.5 of chain A</li> </ul> </li> <li>Reconstructions of rotavirus spike protein: <ul> <li>No selection for spike, subsets of various particle numbers </li> <li>Positive selection (enriched) for spike, subsets of various particle numbers</li> </ul> </li> </ol>
Data from: Using camera traps to estimate habitat preferences and occupancy patterns of vertebrates in boreal wetlands
<p><span>Wetlands are a critical habitat for boreal mammals and birds that rely on them for breeding, foraging, and resting. However, wetlands in boreal regions are increasingly experiencing natural and human pressures. These impacts can lead to a reduction in the availability of wetland habitats </span><span>for boreal mammals and birds that rely on wetlands for breeding, foraging, and resting. To inform management and conservation, camera traps provide an opportunity to survey mammals and birds to investigate their habitat preferences. We aimed to evaluate the effect of habitat features on the occupancy of mammals and birds in boreal wetlands. We used a multispecies occupancy model to estimate the habitat associations of 11 mammals and 45 avian species detected at 50 sampling ponds </span><span>during the summers of 2018 and 2019 </span><span>in Northern Quebec. Our results indicate that certain mammals, such as Red Fox and River Otters, and birds including </span>the American Pipit, Common Raven, Hooded Merganser, and Greater Yellowlegs <span>showed a preference for peatland ponds, whereas the </span>Common Grackle preferred <span>beaver ponds. We found few effects of distance to roads, and no effect of amount of forest cover on species occupancy. The occupancy of 27% of mammals and 24% of birds decreased with increasing latitude. These findings offer valuable insights for informing conservation initiatives focused on the preservation of wetlands in northern Quebec. By discerning the specific types of ponds preferred by each species, conservationists can strategically ensure the preservation and proper management of these habitats, thereby enhancing their conservation efforts.</span></p>
Data from: Influences of ski-runs, meadow management and climate on the occupancy of reptiles and amphibians in a high-altitude environment of Italy
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Kirtland's warbler occupancy and plantation density
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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