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opencc-by-sa-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Data supporting "Universality of Free Fall Shown by Orbital Motion of a Pulsar in a Stellar Triple System"

This is a collection of data supporting the research paper "Orbital Motion of a Pulsar in a Stellar Triple System Shows Universality of Free Fall". The main data content (the ".tim" file) is a set of pulse arrival times, the primary input to the fitting process, in tempo2 format. These times are annotated with post-fit residuals and derivatives with respect to fit parameters using the tempo2 format's per-TOA flags. Additional files include the data that went into several figures, plus the above converted to CSV format - but note that the CSV format does not record the pulse arrival times with sufficient precision to permit fitting. Derivative and uncertainty information may permit reanalysis of the systematics.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Orbital dynamic admittance and earth shadow

The effects of orbital dynamics on a velocity distribution from a point source --- for example, a fragmentation --- may be studied by Housen's method. This technique permits the computation of a spatial density due to the velocity distribution as the sum over all routes between the source point and any point in space of the velocity density divided by the absolute value of the Jacobian determinant of the propagation map. The determination of all routes constitute finding all Lambert (orbital two point boundary value problem) solutions for the two points over a given elapsed time. In order to understand the observed density structures better, the dynamic admittance is introduced. It is the sum of the reciprocal absolute Jacobian determinants spanning all possible routes and is independent of the initial velocity distribution. The bands, pinch point and other features seen in the dynamic admittance plots are analyzed. The effects of the earth in reducing the number of routes, thereby casting a dynamic shadow, are demonstrated.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2019View details →

Idealized orbital extreme GCM simulations with EC-Earth-2-2

This repository contains monthly mean output from the EC-Earth-2-2 orbital extreme simulations. The experiment details are described in the papers given as references. Daily or 12-hourly output (too large to place in this repository) can be obtained from Joyce Bosmans. For the PMIP3 simulations daily output is included, see below. *** Orbital extreme precession and obliquity experiments *** Four simulations were performed: precession minimum and maximum (Pmin and Pmax) as well as obliquity maximum and minimum (Omax and Omin). The numbers in the file names each represent a variable according to the ECMWF 128 grib table, see e.g. https://apps.ecmwf.int/codes/grib/param-db. The qv, qdv, dqv and dqdv files represent the (anomalous) moisture transport as described in Bosmans et al. 2015, Climate dynamics. References: Bosmans, J. H. C. (2014). A model perspective on orbital forcing of monsoons and Mediterranean climate using EC-Earth. UU Depts. of Physical Geography and Earth Sciences. Bosmans, J. H. C., Drijfhout, S. S., Tuenter, E., Hilgen, F. J., & Lourens, L. J. (2015). Response of the North African summer monsoon to precession and obliquity forcings in the EC-Earth GCM. Climate dynamics, 44(1-2), 279-297. Bosmans, J. H. C., Hilgen, F. J., Tuenter, E., & Lourens, L. J. (2015). Obliquity forcing of low-latitude climate. Climate of the Past, 11(10), 1335-1346. Bosmans, J. H. C., Drijfhout, S. S., Tuenter, E., Hilgen, F. J., Lourens, L. J., & Rohling, E. J. (2015). Precession and obliquity forcing of the freshwater budget over the Mediterranean. Quaternary Science Reviews, 123, 16-30. Bosmans, J. H. C., Erb, M. P., Dolan, A. M., Drijfhout, S. S., Tuenter, E., Hilgen, F. J., Edge, D., Pope, J.O. & Lourens, L. J. (2018). Response of the Asian summer monsoons to idealized precession and obliquity forcing in a set of GCMs. Quaternary Science Reviews, 188, 121-135. *** Mid-Holocene and Control PMIP3 experiments *** Output from the Mid-Holocene and the control (pre-industrial) simulation is available through the CMIP5 / PMIP3 database. See for instance https://wiki.lsce.ipsl.fr/pmip3/doku.php/pmip3:database:access. If you use the IPSL ESGF node you should get to the following website (it may require signing up for a log-in but it should be easy and free): https://esgf-node.ipsl.upmc.fr/projects/esgf-ipsl/. On that website, click CMIP5 under 'Search Data'. Then on the left, under 'Model', select 'EC-Earth-2-2'. If you then click 'Search' in the upper middle of the page, you can further select the PI and MH simulations ('Experiment') and variables ('variable long name' is rather useful). Reference: Bosmans, J. H. C., Drijfhout, S. S., Tuenter, E., Lourens, L. J., Hilgen, F. J., & Weber, S. L. (2012). Monsoonal response to mid-holocene orbital forcing in a high resolution GCM. Climate of the Past, 8(2), 723-740. Contact: Joyce.Bosmans@ru.nl Acknowledgements: These model simulations were performed during Joyce Bosmans' PhD research, funded by an Utrecht University `Focus en Massa' grant and partly performed at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), with support from ECMWF.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2019View details →

URSO: Unreal Rendered Spacecrafts On-Orbit Datasets

Synthetic image datasets of Soyuz and Dragon spacecraft models orbiting the Earth, rendered using our simulator, to learn and evaluate pose estimation algorithms. For more information, please refer to our preprint: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04298">https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.04298</a> Each dataset contains: <ul> <li>5000 RGB images with a resolution of 1280x960 px</li> <li>Train/val/test set splits as a list: <set>_images.csv</li> <li>Pose ground truth as: <set>_poses_gt.csv with <ul> <li>Row format: <x y z qx qy qz qw></li> </ul> </li> </ul> The camera calibration matrix is: \(K = \begin{bmatrix} 640.00 & 0 & 640 \\ 0 & 640.46 & 480\\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix}\) And the horizontal and vertical field-of-view are respectively 90.0° and 73.7º.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 1914View details →

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I Left lateral aspect of skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus; one- fifth the natural size. Abbreviations.-D, lateral temporal fossa; DN, dentary; J, jugal; L, lachrymal; MX, maxilla; N, nasal; NO, nasal opening; OR, orbit; PD, predentary; PF, prefrontal; PM, premaxilla; Q, quadrate; QJ, quadrato-jugal; S, squamosal; SA, surangular. in On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon

EXPLANATION OF PLATE I Left lateral aspect of skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus; one- fifth the natural size. Abbreviations.-D, lateral temporal fossa; DN, dentary; J, jugal; L, lachrymal; MX, maxilla; N, nasal; NO, nasal opening; OR, orbit; PD, predentary; PF, prefrontal; PM, premaxilla; Q, quadrate; QJ, quadrato-jugal; S, squamosal; SA, surangular.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Рис. 21–32. Lixus pulverulentus, кукоΛка, внешний виΔ и хетотаксия. 21 – виΔ снизу; 22 – виΔ сверху; 23 – виΔ сбоку; 24 – хетотаксия гоΛовы; 25 – хетотаксия переΔнеспинки; 26 – хетотаксия среΔнеспинки; 27 – хетотаксия заΔнеспинки; 28 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента I; 29 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента II; 30 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента VII; 31 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента VIII; 32 –хетотаксия брюшного сегмента IX. Figs 21–32. Lixus pulverulentus, pupa, habitus and chaetotaxy. 21 – ventral view; 22 – dorsal view; 23 – lateral view; 24 – chaetotaxy of head; 25 – chaetotaxy of pronotum; 26 – chaetotaxy of mesonotum; 27 – chaetotaxy of metanotum; 28 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment I; 29 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment II; 30 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment VII; 31 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment VIII; 32 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment IX. ps – pseudocerci, Th n –thoracic segments, Ab n –abdominal segments; setae: as – apical, d – dorsal, ds – discal, fs – femoral, ls – lateral, os – orbital, pas – postatennal, pls – posterolateral, rs – rostral, sos – super-orbital, sls – superlateral, v – ventral, vs – vertical. in Description of the preimaginal stages and biology of the weevil Lixus (Dilixellus) pulverulentus (Scopoli, 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixini)

Рис. 21–32. Lixus pulverulentus, кукоΛка, внешний виΔ и хетотаксия. 21 – виΔ снизу; 22 – виΔ сверху; 23 – виΔ сбоку; 24 – хетотаксия гоΛовы; 25 – хетотаксия переΔнеспинки; 26 – хетотаксия среΔнеспинки; 27 – хетотаксия заΔнеспинки; 28 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента I; 29 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента II; 30 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента VII; 31 – хетотаксия брюшного сегмента VIII; 32 –хетотаксия брюшного сегмента IX. Figs 21–32. Lixus pulverulentus, pupa, habitus and chaetotaxy. 21 – ventral view; 22 – dorsal view; 23 – lateral view; 24 – chaetotaxy of head; 25 – chaetotaxy of pronotum; 26 – chaetotaxy of mesonotum; 27 – chaetotaxy of metanotum; 28 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment I; 29 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment II; 30 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment VII; 31 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment VIII; 32 – chaetotaxy of abdominal segment IX. ps – pseudocerci, Th n –thoracic segments, Ab n –abdominal segments; setae: as – apical, d – dorsal, ds – discal, fs – femoral, ls – lateral, os – orbital, pas – postatennal, pls – posterolateral, rs – rostral, sos – super-orbital, sls – superlateral, v – ventral, vs – vertical.

Fig. 9 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 9. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. PMO 206.702. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa. A. Section 350. The two anterior extensions of the ectopterygoid can be seen on the right side of this section. Between them, and next to the maxilla and jugal, there is an opening. This is the foramen for the vessels of the suborbital canal as described by Mendrez (1972). B. Section 371. C. Section 390, located immediately posterior to the level where the zygomatic arch separates from the rest of the skull on the right side (appearing on the left in the figure). D. Section 400.

Fig. 8 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 8. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. PMO 206.702. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa. A. Section 230, situated at the anterior tip of the jugal. Note also that the lacrimal has two ventral extensions, one on either side of the dorsal extension of the palatine. B. Section 250. Note that the posterior maxillary sinus has opened medially. C. Section 271. At this level, the frontal finally breaks through to the dorsal surface of the skull. D. Section 310, which cuts the anterior extremities of the ectopterygoid.

Fig. 7 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 7. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. PMO 206.702. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa. A. Section 90, cutting the fourth postcanine tooth. Above it, the root of the third postcanine can be discerned. B. Section 130, cutting the fifth postcanine tooth. This is the area immediately posterior to the choanae. Note the appearance of an intervomerine suture. C. Section 170. Note the appearance of the frontal bone and the lacrimal canal. D. Section 200. Note the appearance of the posterior maxillary sinus. The anterior pockets of the sinus appear in both the maxilla and the palatine. The canal for the maxillary branch of cranial nerve V can be seen on the right side of the figure. It enters the sinus immediately posterior to this section.

Fig. 6 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 6. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. PMO 206.702. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa. A. Section 40, showing the second postcanine tooth. Note the blunt crista choanalis. B. Section 60, cutting the second postcanine tooth and its replacement tooth.

Fig. 3 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 3. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa, PMO 206.702. The anterior part in ventral view, as reconstructed from serial grinding. Positions of some sections are indicated on the left. Grooves and troughs are indicated by horizontal hatching. The second and third postcanine teeth are in different stages of replacement. Distance between 100 sections equals 10 mm.

Fig. 5 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 5. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa, PMO 206.702. The left anterior part in ventral "transparent" view, showing the major sinuses and canals of the snout. Positions of some sections are indicated to the left. The positions of the preserved teeth are drawn in thin lines and sinuses are shaded. The damaged anterior ends of the canals are drawn in dashed lines. Distance between 100 sections equals 10 mm.

Fig. 4 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 4. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa, PMO 206.702. The anterior part in medial view, as reconstructed from serial grinding. Positions of some sections are indicated above. Diagonal hatching indicates areas cut by the plane of view. The orbitosphenoid has been removed, and openings of sinuses are shaded. Distance between 100 sections equals 10 mm.

Fig. 2 in New features of the snout and orbit of a therocephalian therapsid from South Africa

Fig. 2. Akidnognathidae gen. et sp. indet. Upper Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, Karoo Basin, South Africa, PMO 206.702. Schematic reconstruction of the anterior part in lateral view. Positions of some sections are indicated above. Some damaged parts are drawn in dashed lines. Distance between 100 sections equals 10 mm.

Text-fig. 9. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Transverse section through the orbital region of the head of a juvenile specimen. ms: sphenobturatory membrane; plb: palatine bone; psw: primary endocranial sidewall; sll: secondary lateral lamella of Kuhn (1971); this endocranial process (blue) is here interpreted as a derivative of the cartilago teniformis. (From Kuhn and Zeller 1987.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 9. Tachyglossus aculeatus. Transverse section through the orbital region of the head of a juvenile specimen. ms: sphenobturatory membrane; plb: palatine bone; psw: primary endocranial sidewall; sll: secondary lateral lamella of Kuhn (1971); this endocranial process (blue) is here interpreted as a derivative of the cartilago teniformis. (From Kuhn and Zeller 1987.)

Text-fig. 4. Dorsal view of endocranium of a Devonian osteolepiform (Eusthenopteron foordi). Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue (cf. fig. 7 in Bjerring 2015). ab: anterolateral bar of otico-occipital (Jarvik 1954) which corresponds to the orbitoparietal commissure of the armadillo; rfsa: endoskeleton above the supra-auditive fossa which corresponds to the parietal lamina of the armadillo; tn: tectum nasi; to: tectum orbitae which corresponds to the orbital cartilage and the orbitonasal commissure of the armadillo. in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 4. Dorsal view of endocranium of a Devonian osteolepiform (Eusthenopteron foordi). Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue (cf. fig. 7 in Bjerring 2015). ab: anterolateral bar of otico-occipital (Jarvik 1954) which corresponds to the orbitoparietal commissure of the armadillo; rfsa: endoskeleton above the supra-auditive fossa which corresponds to the parietal lamina of the armadillo; tn: tectum nasi; to: tectum orbitae which corresponds to the orbital cartilage and the orbitonasal commissure of the armadillo.

Text-fig. 5. Dorsal view of endocranium of 93 mm human fetus. Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. con: orbitonasal commissure; lp: parietal lamina; oc: orbital cartilage; rco: remnants of orbitoparietal commissure. (Modified from Reinbach 1963; cf. Bersch and Reinbach 1970.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 5. Dorsal view of endocranium of 93 mm human fetus. Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. con: orbitonasal commissure; lp: parietal lamina; oc: orbital cartilage; rco: remnants of orbitoparietal commissure. (Modified from Reinbach 1963; cf. Bersch and Reinbach 1970.)

Text-fig. 3. Dorsal view of endocranium of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus); some dermal allostoses from the right side are included. Derivatives of the teniform cartilage blue. co: orbitoparietal commissure; con: sphenethmoidal (orbitonasal) commissure; ctn: cartilago tecti nasi; lp: parietal lamina; oc: orbital cartilage (ala orbitalis); po: parieto-occipital commissure. (Modified from Reinbach 1952.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 3. Dorsal view of endocranium of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus); some dermal allostoses from the right side are included. Derivatives of the teniform cartilage blue. co: orbitoparietal commissure; con: sphenethmoidal (orbitonasal) commissure; ctn: cartilago tecti nasi; lp: parietal lamina; oc: orbital cartilage (ala orbitalis); po: parieto-occipital commissure. (Modified from Reinbach 1952.)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Text-fig. 2. Metacheiromys marshii, AMNH 131777, drawing of basicranium in ventral view with isosurface from CT scans of left petrosal inserted (compare with Simpson 1931: fig. 7). Much of the mastoid exposure on the specimen's left side is damaged. Numbers 1 to 4 indicate depressions that based on the right side include a thin layer of entotympanic; 1 to 3 are between petrosal and basioccipital and 4 is petrosal only. The white arrow in the lower left passes through a canal between the petrosal and exoccipital for the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Abbreviations: abX – grooves and foramina for auricular branch of vagus nerve, as – alisphenoid, astp – alisphenoid tympanic process, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, eam – roof of external acoustic meatus, ec – ectotympanic, en – entotympanic, eo – exoccipital, es – epitympanic sinus of squamosal, fm – foramen magnum, fo – foramen ovale, gf – glenoid fossa, hf – hypoglossal foramen, ips – foramen for inferior petrosal sinus, ljf – lateral jugular foramen, me – mastoid exposure of petrosal, mjf – medial jugular foramen, mt – muscular tubercle, mtc – musculotubal canal, oc – occipital condyle, pa – porus acousticus (hidden), pas – parasphenoid, pgp – postglenoid process, pr – promontorium of petrosal, ps – presphenoid, smf – stylomastoid foramen, sof – superior orbital fissure, sq – squamosal, tca – tympanic canaliculus, th – tympanohyal, tm – tubular external acoustic meatus. in Skeletal Anatomy Of The Basicranium And Auditory Region In The Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based On High-Resolution Ct Scans

Text-fig. 2. Metacheiromys marshii, AMNH 131777, drawing of basicranium in ventral view with isosurface from CT scans of left petrosal inserted (compare with Simpson 1931: fig. 7). Much of the mastoid exposure on the specimen's left side is damaged. Numbers 1 to 4 indicate depressions that based on the right side include a thin layer of entotympanic; 1 to 3 are between petrosal and basioccipital and 4 is petrosal only. The white arrow in the lower left passes through a canal between the petrosal and exoccipital for the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Abbreviations: abX – grooves and foramina for auricular branch of vagus nerve, as – alisphenoid, astp – alisphenoid tympanic process, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, eam – roof of external acoustic meatus, ec – ectotympanic, en – entotympanic, eo – exoccipital, es – epitympanic sinus of squamosal, fm – foramen magnum, fo – foramen ovale, gf – glenoid fossa, hf – hypoglossal foramen, ips – foramen for inferior petrosal sinus, ljf – lateral jugular foramen, me – mastoid exposure of petrosal, mjf – medial jugular foramen, mt – muscular tubercle, mtc – musculotubal canal, oc – occipital condyle, pa – porus acousticus (hidden), pas – parasphenoid, pgp – postglenoid process, pr – promontorium of petrosal, ps – presphenoid, smf – stylomastoid foramen, sof – superior orbital fissure, sq – squamosal, tca – tympanic canaliculus, th – tympanohyal, tm – tubular external acoustic meatus.