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235 results for “orchards”
Fig. 1 in Spatiotemporal distribution of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in peach orchards and surrounding habitat
Fig. 1. Spatiotemporal distribution patterns of Euschistus servus and Euschistus tristigmus: (A) number of traps in which E. servus and E. tristigmus were present in peach and surrounding habitat; (B) number of traps in which stink bugs were present over the season in peach and surrounding habitat.
Fig. 1 in Distant-dependent capture probabilities of Mediterranean and oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a food-based trap in a Hawaiian mango orchard
Fig. 1. Number of captures (A) and percentage of captures (B: captures divided by released) for Bactrocera dorsalis released from 5, 10, or 20 m from a centrally located trap baited with torula yeast borax solution. For a given replicate, 200 individuals of each sex were released. Symbols represent means with standard error (N = 7 replicates in all cases). Within each sex, numbers of captures differed significantly between distances marked with different upper case letters. Within a distance, numbers of captures differed significantly between the sexes if marked with different lower case letters.
Figure 2 in Abundance and distribution of Aculus schlechtendali on apple orchards in Southern of Brazil
Figure 2 Crossbar of the pairwise comparisons of the average number of ARM observed on three cultivars of apples. Notes: Different letters indicate a significant difference (P <0.01). Mean estimated
Figure 1 in Abundance and distribution of Aculus schlechtendali on apple orchards in Southern of Brazil
Figure 1 Location of the municipalities sampled in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) and Paraná (PR).
Figure 3 in Abundance and distribution of Aculus schlechtendali on apple orchards in Southern of Brazil
Figure 3 Crossbar of the pairwise comparisons of the average number of ARM observed on the three Southern Brazilian states. Notes: Different letters indicate a significant difference (P <0.01). Mean estimated via bootstrap (999 repetitions) ± standard deviation.
Figure 5 in Abundance and distribution of Aculus schlechtendali on apple orchards in Southern of Brazil
Figure 5 Correlogram. Visualization of Moran´s I as a function of distance (Km) among sampling locations. Distances with significant spatial autocorrelation whose values of Moran´s I are signifi-
Tea bag index (TBI) for a field trial (olive orchard) in Ferrandina (Basilicata, Italy)
<p>The file contains mean k and S value per GPS location, with as meta-data the starting date, duration and biome of the study.</p>
Between a rock and a hard place: Comparing rock-dwelling animal prevalence across abandoned paddy, orchards, and rock outcrops in a biodiversity hotspot
<p>Rock outcrops are geologically and ecologically unique ecosystems that harbour threatened and endemic biodiversity. These underappreciated, open ecosystems are undergoing rapid land-use changes, and the impacts of these changes on the threatened and endemic biodiversity are poorly understood, compared to the forested ecosystems. The unprotected, low-elevation lateritic plateaus of the northern Western Ghats of India are a case in point; they have high levels of endemism but are experiencing agricultural land-use change to orchards on the one hand and abandonment of traditional paddy cultivation on the other. We compared 1) the availability of loose rocks, a critical microhabitat for saxicolous animals, 2) the prevalence of an endemic caecilian (<em>Gegeneophis seschachari),</em> an endemic gecko (<em>Hemidactylus albofasciatus),</em> and a widespread snake (<em>Echis carinatus),</em> and 3) the composition and abundance of other rock-dwelling animals across 12 less-disturbed natural rock outcrop sites and 10 sites each in agroforestry plantations and abandoned paddies using time-constrained searches. By surveying 7179 surface rocks, we encountered 5738 individuals from 38 animal taxa. We found that the abundance of large rocks, which were the most-preferred size class of rocks by animals, was higher in abandoned paddy compared to plateaus and orchards. However, the prevalence of the reptiles <em>H. albofasciatus</em> and <em>E. carinatus</em> was highest on undisturbed plateaus. Contrastingly, the prevalence of <em>G. seshachari,</em> a caecilian, was significantly higher under rocks in abandoned paddy than in less-disturbed plateaus or orchards. We also found significant differences between the rock-dwelling faunal assemblages across the three agricultural land-use types. Despite being adapted to persist in extremely variable climates on lateritic plateaus, multiple species/groups are vulnerable to land-use changes. However, <em>G. seshachari</em> and a few other taxa appear to benefit from certain kinds of agricultural land-use change, highlighting the context-specificity in species responses. This is one of the first studies to determine the impacts of the agricultural conversion of rock outcrops, thereby highlighting the conservation value of habitats that are often classified as wastelands.</p>
Data from: Quantifying the impact of crop coverings on honey bee orientation and foraging in sweet cherry orchards using RFID
<p>Advancements in agricultural production have seen the rapid adoption of protected cropping systems globally. Such systems have been optimised for plant growth and efficiency, with little understanding of the potential impacts on key insect pollinators. Here we investigate the effect of netting and polythene rain covers on the health and performance of honey bees (<em>Apis mellifera </em>L.) during the pollination of sweet cherry crops. Over two consecutive seasons, twelve full-strength colonies were equipped with tagged bees and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. The colonies were equally divided between open control, netted, and polythene (semi-permanent VOEN in 2019 and retractable Cravo in 2020) groups. Over 1,300 individual bees were monitored for the duration of the commercial pollination period to determine behavioural parameters such as foraging commencement age, number and duration of trips, and overall survival. Bees began foraging within the optimum age range (mean 15.7-24.1 days) under all covering types, with little indication of prolonged stress or increased mortality during the short season. Polythene covers (VOEN & Cravo) were found to significantly increase the total time needed for bees to orientate successfully. Once orientated, bees placed under covers conducted up to 155% more foraging trips, with a longer cumulative duration. Covering type was found to significantly impact the amount and type of pollen collected, with the most restrictive system (VOEN) yielding the highest proportion of cherry pollen. Overall, we found little evidence to suggest that protective covers have a detrimental impact on honey bee foraging in cherry crops.</p>
Smart orchard design improves crop pollination
<p>1. More sustainable and environmentally-friendly agricultural practices, including ecological intensification, are needed to reduce biodiversity loss and environmental degradation.</p> <p>2. We evaluated the potential of ecological intensification through the enhancement of pollination services in an intensively managed and insect-pollinated crop, <em>Macadamia</em> <em>integrifolia</em>. We compared the effects and importance of agronomic practices that include agronomic input (i.e. irrigation and managed honeybees), orchard design requiring no external inputs (i.e. spatial orchard structure) and landscape factors in ten South African macadamia orchards.</p> <p>3. In comparison to experimental pollinator exclusion, insect pollination increased the initial and final nut set by 304% and 23%, respectively. However, nut set was pollination limited as hand pollination further improved nut set.</p> <p>4. Flower visitation rates increased with the cover of semi-natural habitats in the surrounding landscape (1km radius). This effect was outperforming the effect of the number of managed honeybee colonies, as agronomic practice.</p> <p>5. Initial nut set increased with orchard design and flower visitation rates. Perpendicular orientation of the planted macadamia rows towards the semi-natural habitats increased initial nut set more than threefold compared to parallel row orientation. The initial nut set was 80% higher at the edge to semi-natural habitats than in the orchard centre. In contrast, agronomic practices, such as irrigation, did not increase initial nut set.</p> <p>6. Final nut set depended on the preconditions of the initial nut set, additionally, high altitudes and the position in the centre of the orchard had positive effects.</p> <p>7. Synthesis and applications. Pollination services were prerequisites for high yields in macadamia and could be improved without further agronomic input. Especially, the orchard design, i.e. spatial arrangement of tree rows and semi-natural habitats at local and landscape scales, was more important to boost insect pollination and the initial development of macadamia nuts than agronomic practices, such as high levels of irrigation. Considering the urgency to reduce the environmental impacts of agricultural production, we highlight the high potential of ecological intensification by a smart orchard design and the restoration and conservation of semi-natural habitats in the orchards and their surrounding landscape.</p>
Between a rock and a hard place: Comparing rock-dwelling animal prevalence across abandoned paddy, orchards, and rock outcrops in a biodiversity hotspot
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Complementary effects of pollination and biocontrol services enable ecological intensification in macadamia orchards
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Data from: Native cover crops enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services in hazelnut orchards
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Smart orchard design improves crop pollination
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Data from: Quantifying the impact of crop coverings on honey bee orientation and foraging in sweet cherry orchards using RFID
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Predatory arthropod community composition in apple orchards: Orchard management, landscape structure and sampling method
<p>Studies on predatory arthropods in agricultural areas seldom include Diptera other than hover flies, partly because common sampling methods are less effective for capturing species that easily fly off when disturbed. To study the effect from this bias when describing the predator community, we compared traditional beat sampling of branches and suction sampling for describing the community of predatory arthropods in Swedish apple orchards, both organic orchards and orchards using integrated pest management. Our results indicate that the proportion of both predatory dipterans and parasitic hymenopterans increase dramatically when using suction sampling (Diptera: 32% vs 20%, Hymenoptera: 25% vs 7%). In fact, predatory dipterans were the most abundant predatory group when using suction sampling, in contrast to beat sampling where spiders were the most abundant group. One group of predatory flies that was particularly rich in both species and individuals in the surveyed apple orchards was dance flies in the family Hybotidae. Even though the bias of sampling method was evident, it was encouraging that the method choice did not affect the conclusions concerning management on predatory arthropod communities. With both methods, dipteran and coleopteran predators were more abundant in organic apple orchards whereas opilionids were more abundant in orchards managed according to integrated pest management. The inclusion of landscape variables further indicated effects of landscape diversity and of deciduous forest cover, but the response varied in sign between predatory groups. Whereas both Coleoptera and Heteroptera were more abundant in orchards surrounded by more complex landscapes (high landscape diversity and/or high deciduous forest cover), spiders, opilionids and dipterans were rather less abundant in these orchards. To conclude, our study points to the potential importance of predatory dipterans in apple orchards, and we highly recommend future studies of arthropod predators in apple and other crops to actively include predatory Diptera.</p>
Increasing agricultural habitat reduces solitary bee offspring number and weight in apple orchards through reduced floral diet diversity and increased fungicide risk
<p>1. Threats to bee pollinators such as land use change, high pesticide risk, and reduced floral diet diversity are usually assessed independently, even though they often co-occur to impact bees in agroecosystems.</p> <p>2. We established populations of the non-native mason bee O. cornifrons at 17 NY apple orchards varying in proportion of surrounding agriculture and measured floral diet diversity and pesticide risk levels in the pollen provisions they produced. We used path analysis to test the direct and indirect effects of different habitats, diet diversity, and pesticide risk on emergent female offspring number and weight.</p> <p>3. Our results showed that high proportions of agricultural habitat surrounding bee nests indirectly reduced the number of female offspring produced, by reducing floral diet diversity in pollen.</p> <p>4. When proportion agriculture surrounding bee nests was high, bees collected increased proportions of Rosaceae in their pollen provisions, which marginally (0.05<p<0.1) increased fungicide risk levels in pollen, which, in turn, marginally reduced female offspring weight. In contrast, female offspring weight increased as proportion surrounding open habitat (wildflowers, grassland, pasture) increased, but this effect was not influenced by proportion Rosaceae or fungicide risk levels in pollen.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and Applications: To promote healthy O. cornifrons populations in apple, we must maintain floral resource diversity and open habitats, while reducing fungicide risk levels and agricultural habitats. More broadly, our results show that land use change, in the form of increasing agricultural habitat, can negatively impact bee populations in agroecosystems indirectly through multiple, simultaneous threats. We must strive to understand these complex interactions between simultaneous threats to maintain healthy bee populations in agroecosystems, where we rely on them for pollination.</p>
THE TUBE OF THE COMMON REED FOR NESTING OF EUROPEAN ORCHARDS BEE
<p>The tube (1) of the common reed for nesting of European orchards bee, used in agriculture in field of beekeeping and subfield of rearing technology of solitary bee species such as orchard bees. The present invention (1) relates to constructing suitable, and for orchards bees acceptable nesting material in the form of a linear tube with two separate openings (3) at its ends, made from natural materials: dry common reed stem. Subject tube (1) is cutting under a sharp angle (α). The opposite ends of the tubes (1) are in a symmetrical position, facing each as object and the image in the mirror, in relation to the central node (2). The present invention (1) has an external diameter (d) at the ends, and with overall length (2L). Figure 1.</p>
Orchard Place Abandoned Building
A quick photogrammetry capture of a painted abandoned building on Orchard Place, Trinity Buoy Wharf, London. 134 photos taken in May 2021 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Agisoft Metashape. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURE 1 in Phytoseiid Mite Diversity (Acari: Mesostigmata) And Assessment Of Their Spatial Distribution In French Apple Orchards
FIGURE 1: French regions sampled (with the number of orchards considered) and: a – proportions of dominant species in each region in regards to mite densities; b – proportions of dominant species in each region in regards to number of plots occupied.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.