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73 results for “paleobiogeography”
Figure 2 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera
Figure 2 Holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Photographic representations of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis (OMB D2286). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Anterolateral view. (D) Lateral view (anterior part is up). Scale bar equals 10 cm. Photography: Jaap Van Leeuwen. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-2
Figure 8 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera
Figure 8 Paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera. (A) Paleobiogeographic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera as resulting from the application of Maximum Likelihood by using MESQUITE; node letters as in Fig. 7A. (B) Phylogenetic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera species and Nehalaennia superimposed on a map of the mid-Miocene (modif. From Paleomap Project at http://www.scotese.com/miocene.htm) to show the dispersal events discussed in the text. (C) Revised paleobiogeographic patterns in Archaebalaenoptera showing unknown distributions in the branch leading to A. castriarquati; node letters as from Fig. 7A. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-8
Figure 7 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera
Figure 7 Phylogenetic relationships and paleobiogeography of the Archaebalaenoptera clade. (A) Phylogenetic relationships of the Archaebalaenoptera clade plotted against a temporal scale to show the OTUs used for the paleobiogeographic analysis. (B) Paleobiogeographic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera as resulting from the application of Fitch's (1971) parsimony by hand; node letters as in (A). (C) Palaebiogeographic relationships of Archaebalaenoptera as resulting from the application of Maximum Parsimony by using MESQUITE; node letters as in (A). Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-7
Figure 1 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera
Figure 1 Type locality of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Locality of the discovery of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. (A) Map of The Netherlands where a red star shows the locality. (B) close-up view of the locality of the discovery near the town of Liessel. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-1
Figure 4 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera
Figure 4 Transverse sections of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Transverse sections of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Sections 1 and 2 are done closely to the vertex and show the round transverse profile of the depression of the supraorbital process of the frontal. Sections 3, 4 and 5 are done across the temporal fossa and show the degree of overhanging of the temporal crest on the parietal. Not to scale. Photography: Jaap Van Leeuwen. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-4
Figure 3 in A new species of rorqual whale (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae) from the Late Miocene of the Southern North Sea Basin and the role of the North Atlantic in the paleobiogeography of Archaebalaenoptera
Figure 3 Holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. Interpretation of morphological characters of the holotype skull of Archaebalaenoptera liesselensis. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Lateral view. Damaged areas are in grey. Scale bar equals 10 cm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8315/fig-3
Paleobiogeography, paleoecology, diversity, and speciation patterns in the Eublastoidea (Blastozoa: Echinodermata)
<p>Understanding the distribution of taxa in space and time is key to understanding diversity dynamics. The fossil record provides an avenue to assess these patterns on vast timescales and through major global changes. The Eublastoidea were a conservatively plated Paleozoic echinoderm clade that range from the middle Silurian to the end Permian. The geographic distribution of the eublastoids, as a whole, has been qualitatively assessed but has historically lacked a quantitative analysis. This is the first examination of the Eublastoidea using probabilistic methods within the R package BioGeoBEARS to assess macroevolutionary trends. Results provide an updated understanding of eublastoid diversity with new peaks and troughs in diversity through their evolutionary history. Lithology is examined in an evolutionary framework and does not have clear evolutionary trends and there is much work to be done regarding environmental preferences. Biogeographic patterns do not recover precise group origins but do support the previous work that outlines Eublastoidea as a Laurentian clade. Sympatric speciation events dominant the clade's history but are likely exaggerated due to the highly combined areas. Vicariance events are rare and restricted to the Silurian and Devonian and dispersal events are more common throughout the evolutionary history. Pathways allowing for lineage migrations are noted between Southern Laurussia and China in the Devonian and Carboniferous, and Southern Laurussia and Eastern Gondwana in the Carboniferous. Future work will include the addition of more non-Laurentian species into the estimated phylogeny to better estimate these global patterns.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Jardamarekia enigma, a new Early Devonian tryblidioidean from Royal Creek area (Yukon Territory, Canada), and paleobiogeography of the Early Devonian of northwestern Canada
FIGURE 2. Jardamarekia enigma sp. nov. from middle Early Devonian (Pragian) age strata of the Road River Formation in the Royal Creek area, Yukon Territory, Canada. The species is from interval 142.0–150.0 m of section 1 (Fig. 1A). Holotype GSC 134793: A–C, F, H–N, shell length 18 mm, width 14 mm, height 10 mm; figure width of shell details: H—11 mm, I—10 mm, J—8 mm, K—3,5 mm, L—10 mm, M, N—3 mm. Paratype: GSC 134794: D–E, G, shell length 26 mm, width 21 mm, height 11 mm.
FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic section 1 showing a in Jardamarekia enigma, a new Early Devonian tryblidioidean from Royal Creek area (Yukon Territory, Canada), and paleobiogeography of the Early Devonian of northwestern Canada
FIGURE 1. A—Stratigraphic section 1 showing a distribution of all hitherto described molluscs species from Royal Creek, northern Yukon. B—Generalized maps showing location of section 1 (asterisk) in the Yukon Territory, Canada. Modified from Lenz (1977b).
FIGURE 12. A–F in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 12. A–F. Sindhiluta lakhraensis gen. nov., sp. nov., A–B (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.48, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views, stn 4), C–D (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.49, ventral and dorsal view, stn 4), E–F (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.50, dorsal view of the broken specimen showing the columellar folds (E) and enlarged view of the spire (F); G–M. Pakiluta solangii gen. nov., sp. nov., G–H (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.51, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) views, stn 4), I–J (paratype 3, CPAG.RAN.I.54, spire (I), and enlarged view of the spire (J), stn 5), K–L (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.53, spire (K) and enlarged view of the spire (L), stn 4), M (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.52, ventral view, stn 4). Scale bars: A–I, K, M = 10 mm; J, L = 5 mm.
FIGURE 9. A–G in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 9. A–G. Athleta (Volutocorbis) burtoni Vredenburg, 1923, A (CPAG.RAN.I.31, dorsal view, stn 2), B (CPAG.RAN.I.32, ventral view, stn 3), C (CPAG.RAN.I.33, dorsal view, stn 1), D–F (MNHN.F.J13433, Cossmann coll., ventral (D) and dorsal (E) views, enlarged view of the spire (F), Jhirak), G (MNHN.F.J13434, Cossmann coll., dorsal view, Jhirak); H–L. Athleta (Volutocorbis) cf. wynnei Cox, 1930, H–I (CPAG.RAN.I.35, dorsal view (H) and enlarged view of the spire (I), stn 4), J (CPAG.RAN.I.36, ventral view, stn 4), K–L (CPAG.RAN.I.34, ventral (K) and dorsal (L) views). Scale bars: A–E, G–H, J–L = 10 mm; F, I = 5 mm.
FIGURE 6. A–F in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 6. A–F. Lyrischapa blanfordi (Vredenburg, 1923), A–C (CPAG.RAN.I.17, ventral (A), dorsal (B) and apical (C) views, stn 4), D–E (CPAG.RAN.I.16, ventral (D) and dorsal (E) views, stn 4), F (CPAG.RAN.I.15, ventral view, stn 4); G–I. Lyrischapa brevispira sp. nov., holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.18, ventral (G), dorsal (H) and apical (I) views, stn 4. Scale bars: A–H = 10 mm.
FIGURE 5. A–H in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 5. A–H. Lyrischapa vredenburgi sp. nov., A–B (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.12, protoconch and first teleoconch whorl in ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views, stn 4), C–E (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.11, ventral (C), dorsal (D) and apical (E) views, stn 4), F (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.13, ventral view, stn 4), G (paratype 3, CPAG.RAN.I.14, ventral view, stn 4), H (paratype MNHN.F.J12751, Cossmann coll., Jhirak). Scale bars: A–H = 10 mm.
FIGURE 10. A–D in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 10. A–D. Athleta (Volutocorbis) lasharii sp. nov., A–C (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.37, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, enlarged view of the spire (C), stn 4), D (paratype, CPAG.RAN.I.38, dorsal view, stn 4); E–H. Volutilithes welcommei sp. nov., E (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.40, dorsal view, stn 4), F (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.41, juvenile, dorsal view, stn 4), G–H (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.39, ventral (G) and (H) dorsal views. Scale bars: A–B, D–E, G–H = 10 mm; C, F = 5 mm.
FIGURE 7. A–D in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 7. A–D. Lyrischapa brevispira sp. nov., A–B (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.20, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views, stn 4), C–D (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.19, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) views, stn 4); E–J. Athleta (Volutopupa) intercrenatus (Cossmann & Pissarro, 1909), E–F (CPAG.RAN.I.22, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, stn 4), G (CPAG.RAN.I.21, ventral view, stn 4), H (CPAG.RAN.I.23, ventral view, stn 4), I-J (CPAG.RAN.I.24, ventral view (I) and enlarged view of the spire (J), stn 4). Scale bars: A–I = 10 mm; J = 5 mm.
FIGURE 4. A in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 4. A. Lyria sp., CPAG.RAN.I.1, stn 5; B–H. Mitreola brohii sp. nov., B–C (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.2, ventral (B) and dorsal (C) views, stn 4), D (paratype 1, CPAG RAN.I.3, ventral view, stn 4), E–F (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.4, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views, stn 4), G–H (paratype 3, CPAG.RAN.I.5, juvenile, ventral view (G) and enlarged view of the spire (H), stn 4); I–K. Lyriopsis cossmanni (Vredenburg, 1923), I–J (CPAG.RAN.I.6, ventral view (I) and enlarged view of the spire (J), stn 4), K (CPAG.RAN.I.7, ventral view, stn 4); L. Lyrischapa haimei (d'Archiac & Haime, 1853), CPAG.RAN.I.8, ventral view, stn 6; M–N. Lyrischapa sismondai (d'Archiac & Haime, 1853), M (CPAG.RAN.I.10, ventral view, stn 6), N (CPAG.RAN.I.9, dorsal view, stn 3). Scale bars: B–G, I, K–N = 10 mm; A, H, J = 5 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 3. Stratigraphic ranges of Pakistani volutid species in the Kadhro Formation (Danian), Hangu and Bara Formations (Selandian-Thanetian) and Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Ypresian). Blue lines: probable autochthonous species descending from the Indo-Pakistan stock; black line, species persisting from formation to another one; red lines: probable invaders. Note that the low species richness found in the Uppermost Bara Formation results to the poor preservation of the shell material (decalcified shells) and thus corresponds to taphonomic bias.
FIGURE 11. A–E in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 11. A–E. Volutilithes sindhiensis sp. nov., A–B (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.42, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views, stn 4), C–D (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.43, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) views, stn 4), E (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.44, juvenile, ventral view, stn 4); F–I. Pseudaulicina coxi sp. nov., F–G (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.45, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) views, stn 4), H (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.47, juvenile, dorsal view, stn 4), I (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.46, ventral view, stn 4). Scale bars: A–D, F–G, I = 10 mm; E, H = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 1. Location of the fossil localities (stn 1 to 6) in a simplified geological map showing the Ranikot Group in the Jimpir-Jhirak Area (JJA) and the Lakhra Dome (LD).
FIGURE 8. A–D in Volutidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Lakhra Formation (Earliest Eocene, Sindh, Pakistan): systematics, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography
FIGURE 8. A–D. Athleta (Volutopupa) citharopsis sp. nov., A–B (holotype, CPAG.RAN.I.25, ventral (A) and dorsal (B) views, stn 4), C (paratype 1, CPAG.RAN.I.26, dorsal view, stn 4), D (paratype 2, CPAG.RAN.I.27, enlarged view of the spire, stn 4); E–J. Athleta (Volutocorbis) eugeniae Vredenburg, 1923, E–F (CPAG.RAN.I.29, dorsal view (E) and enlarged view of the spire (F), stn 4), G–H (CPAG.RAN.I.28, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views, stn 4), I–J (CPAG.RAN.I.30, dorsal (I) and ventral (J) views, stn 4). Scale bars: A–E, G–J = 10 mm; F = 5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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