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619 results for “paternity”
Sex-specific paternal age effects on offspring quality in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Advanced paternal age has been repeatedly shown to modulate offspring quality via male- and/or female-driven processes, and there are theoretical reasons to expect that some of these effects can be sex-specific. For example, sex allocation theory predicts that, when mated with low-condition males, mothers should invest more in their daughters compared to their sons. This is because male fitness is generally more condition-dependent and more variable than female fitness, which makes it less risky to invest in female offspring. Here, we explore whether paternal age can affect the quality and quantity of offspring in a sex-specific way using Drosophila melanogaster as model organism. In order to understand the contribution of male-driven processes on paternal age effects, we also measured the seminal vesicle size of young and older males and explored its relationship with reproductive success and offspring quality. Older males had lower competitive reproductive success, as expected, but there was no difference between the offspring sex ratio of young and older males. However, we found that paternal age caused an increase in offspring quality (i.e., offspring weight), and that this increase was more marked in daughters than sons. We discuss different male- and female-driven processes that may explain such sex-specific paternal age effects.</p>
Multiple paternally inherited chloroplast capture events associated with Taxus speciation in the Hengduan Mountains
<p><strong>Template files and estimation files in Fastsimcoal2 for 16 models. Each model corresponded with the same name in Fig S2 and Fig S3. And SNP file, plastome matrix and transcriptome matrixes</strong></p>
Multiple paternity is related to adult sex ratio and sex determination system in reptiles
<p><span>The adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of males in the adult population) is an emerging predictor of reproductive behaviour, and recent studies in birds and humans suggest it is a major driver of social mating systems and parental care. ASR may also influence genetic mating systems. For instance, male-skewed ASRs are expected to increase the frequency of multiple paternity (defined here as a clutch or litter sired by two or more males) due to higher rates of coercive copulations by males and/or due to females exploiting the opportunity of copulation with multiple males to increase genetic diversity of their offspring. Here we evaluate this hypothesis in reptiles that often exhibit high frequency of multiple paternity, although its ecological and life-history predictors have remained controversial. Using a comprehensive dataset of 81 species representing all four non-avian reptile orders, we show that increased frequency of multiple paternity is predicted by more male-skewed ASR, and this relationship is robust to simultaneous effects of several life-history predictors. Additionally, we show that the frequency of multiple paternity varies with the sex determination system: species with female heterogamety (ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes) exhibit higher levels of multiple paternity than species with male heterogamety (XY/XX) or temperature-dependent sex determination. Thus, our across-species comparative study provides the first evidence that genetic mating system depends on ASR in reptiles. We call for further investigations to uncover the complex evolutionary associations between mating systems, sex determination systems and ASR.</span></p>
Data for: The effect of seminal fluid gene expression on paternity
<p>When females mate with more than one male, competition between rival ejaculates is expected to favour adaptations that promote fertilization success. There is now compelling evidence that sperm competition selects for increased production and allocation of sperm. However, sperm come packaged in ejaculates that also contain protein rich seminal fluids. Predicting how males should allocate individual seminal fluid proteins in response to sperm competition is hampered by our limited knowledge of their precise function. We use gene expression studies and interference RNA to ask how seminal fluid proteins in the ejaculate of a cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, affect a male's paternity share when in competition for fertilizations. We find that the relative expression of one seminal fluid gene, gagein, positively effects the paternity share of competing males, and that knockdown of this and two other seminal fluid protein genes renders males mating in the offensive role of sperm competition incapable of fathering living offspring. Despite having a negative effect on offspring viability these seminal fluid genes have been found to be up regulated in response to rival males, consistent with a role in promoting competitive fertilization success. Our data contribute to a growing body of evidence that, like sperm, seminal fluid gene expression is subject to post-mating sexual selection via sperm competition.</p>
Data for: A predominant role of genotypic variation in both expression of sperm competition genes and paternity success in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>The study focuses on investigating the impact of both environmental and genotypic variations on the expression of sperm competition genes and relative paternity success (i.e. second male paternity; P2) in Drosophila melanogaster. To address this, the research leverages the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) inbred lines and introduces manipulation of developmental population density, specifically larval density. This experimental design allows for the examination of the effects of genotype, environment, and potential genotype-environment interactions (GEI) on the expression of seminal fluid genes, namely Sex Peptide, Acp36DE, and CG9997 and sperm competitiveness. In light of the observed genotypic influence on genes' expression, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was also conducted for Sex Peptide and Acp36DE.</p>
Neurobiological Bases of Paternal Nurturance
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02223429. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Extra-pair paternity correlates with genetic diversity, but not breeding density, in a Neotropical passerine, the Black Catbird
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Data from: Ecological and behavioral implications of multiple paternity in the Smooth-fronted caiman in French Guiana
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Data for: The effect of seminal fluid gene expression on paternity
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Data from: RNA interference reveals that male nuptial gift proteins affect female behavior to increase male paternity share in decorated crickets
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Female Assamese macaques bias their affiliation to paternal and maternal kin
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Maternal quality, paternal effects, and sibling interactions influence seed size in the eelgrass, Zostera marina
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Data from: Diversity and stability of egg-bacterial assemblages: the role of paternal care in the glassfrog Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum
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Data from: Experimental manipulation of polyandry in a marine gastropod reveals how the number of mates affects reproductive output, offspring size, and the distribution of paternity within broods
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Data from: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger? Effects of paternal age at conception on fathers and sons
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Divorce and extra-pair paternity in the Lundy house sparrows
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Diverse parentage relationships in paternal mouth-brooders
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Data from: Genetic analysis provides insight into the mating system of <em>Meleagris gallopavo</em> (wild turkey) and reveals frequent extra-pair paternity
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Evolution of female colors in birds: The role of female cost of reproduction and paternal care
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Data from: Double-digest RAD sequencing outperforms microsatellite loci at assigning paternity and estimating relatedness: a proof of concept in a highly promiscuous bird
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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