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258 results for “phantom”
Dataset: Quantitative Evaluation of Enhanced multi-plane clinical fetal diffusion MRI with a crossing-fiber phantom
<p>This dataset provides MRI acquisitions of a customized crossing phantom for fetal brain. It contains:<br> <br> 1) High Resolution acquisitions of 1.5 mm<sup>3</sup> isotropic and 61 directions (with b-vectors/b-values)</p> <p>2) Six low resolution acquisitions of 1x1x4 mm<sup>3</sup> and 9-16-25 directions (with respective b-vectors/b-values)</p> <p>3) A structural T2-w acquisition</p>
Phantom imaging data and analysis macros for the article "Monochromatic computed tomography using laboratory-scale setup"
<p>The raw and processed data and analysis macros of the article <em>A.-P.</em> <em>Honkanen et S. J. Huotari, Monochromatic computed tomography using laboratory-scale setup, Scientific Reports (2023), doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-27409-6">10.1038/s41598-023-27409-6</a></em></p> <p>The data set consists of the raw and reconstructed computed tomography projection data taken of an PMMA phantom embedded with three different chemical species of selenium taken with a monochromatic X-ray imaging setup based on a laboratory-scale Johann-type crystal X-ray spectrometer. In addition to the imaging data, the set contains also the Jupyter Notebooks used to process and analyse the data. The details of the instrument and the analysis are presented in the article.</p> <p>The dataset is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a></p>
Fig. 9 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 9. Immature stages of extant Chaoborus sp. in lateral view: (A) larva; (B) pupa. Scale bars 1 mm. Drawings modified after Saether (1997).
Fig. 10 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 10. Vertical diurnal migration of the last larval instar of Chaoborus punctipennis in the extant meromictic Crawford Lake, Canada. Crawford Lake is continuously anoxic below 14 m, but the anaerobic boundary may vary seasonally from 11 to 14 m. The hours are plotted horizontally, the depth in metres is plotted vertically. Horizontal scale shows number of individuals/m3. Modified after Sardella and Carter (1983).
Fig. 5 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 5. Different sizes of fossil chaoborid mandibles, found in one coprolite. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bar 50 µm.
Fig. 8 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 8. Parts of respiratory horns of phantom midge pupae (Chaoboridae): (A) upper part of fossil respiratory horn in a coprolite; (B) upper part of a respiratory horn from extant Chaoborus sp. The appendices of the respiratory horns are arrowed. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 50 µm.
Fig. 6 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 6. Mandibles of phantom midge larvae (Chaoboridae): (A) fossil structure in a coprolite; (B) mandible from extant Chaoborus sp. Transmitted light microscopy. Scale bar 25 µm in Fig. 6A and 100 µm in Fig. 6B.
Fig. 7 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 7. Fossil structures: (A) pair of caudal hooks, remains of a chaoborid larva; (B) T-shaped bases of setae of an anal fan, remains of a culicoid larva; (C) paddle with supporting midrib, remains of a Chaoborus pupa. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 25 µm.
Fig. 4 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 4. Parts of mandibles of phantom midge larvae (Chaoboridae): (A) fossil structure in a coprolite; (B) part of a mandible from extant Chaoborus sp. Transmitted-light microscopy. Scale bars 100 µm.
Fig. 2 in The ecological role of immature phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoboridae) in the Eocene Lake Messel, Germany
Fig. 2. Coprolites of so-called type A which exclusively contain remains from aquatic living invertebrates: (A) round coprolite; (B) elongated coprolite. Incident light microscopy. Scale bars 5 mm.
Monte Carlo simulation of water cylinder phantoms for Data Driven Gating (DDG) in single photon emission tomography
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Multiple different algorithms have been proposed for Data Driven Gating (DDG) in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and have successfully been applied to Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI). Application of DDG to acquisition types other than SPECT MPI has not been demonstrated so far, as the limitations and pitfalls of current methods are unknown.</p> <p><strong>Approach</strong>: We create a comprehensive set of phantoms that allow the characterization of DDG algorithms and perform Monte Carlo simulations, simulating the influence of different motion artifacts, view angles, moving feature diameters, contrasts, and count levels. We derive quantitative metrics from the data and evaluate the Center of Light (COL) and Laplacian Eigenmaps (LE) methods as sample DDG algorithms.</p> <p><strong>Main results</strong>: View angle, feature size, count rate density, and contrast influence the accuracy of both DDG methods. Moreover, the ability to extract the respiratory motion in the phantom was shown to correlate with the contrast of the moving feature to the background, the Signal to Noise ratio, and the noise in the data.</p> <p><strong>Significance</strong>: We showed that reporting the average correlation to an external physical reference signal per acquisition is not sufficient to characterize DDG methods. Assessing DDG methods on a view-by-view basis using the simulations and metrics from this work could enable the identification of pitfalls of current methods, and extend their application to acquisitions beyond SPECT MPI. </p>
3D motion corrupted PET/MRI phantom raw data
<p>The measurements were all performed on a PET/MRI system from Siemens Healthineers AG (Biograph mMR). An MR-compatible robotic system was used to generate rigid movements of a head-like phantom (translational and more comlpex motion patterns). </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>A README.md is available for further information regarding the dataset.</strong></p>
Gel phantom data for dynamic X-ray tomography
<p>The gel phantom was constructed to simulate diffusion of liquids inside plant stems, namely the flow of iodine-based contrast agents used in high resolution tomographic X-ray imaging of plants. In order to test different reconstruction methods, this radiation resistant phantom with similar diffusion properties was constructed.</p> <p>A more detailed documentation can be found on arXiv: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.02841">https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.02841</a></p> <p>The phantom consists of a 50 ml Falcon test tube filled with agarose gel. After the agarose solidified, five cavities were made into the gel and filled with 20% sucrose solution to guarantee the diffusion by directing osmosis to the gel body. In addition densely punctured plastic straws were placed in the cavities to simulate cellular passages such as <em>phloem plasmodesmata</em> and to slow down the lateral diffusion.</p> <p>The primary measurements consisted of 17 consecutive time frames, with initial stage of no contrast agent followed<br> by steady increase and diffusion into the gel body over time. Each round of measurements consist of 360 projections with a fanbeam microCT-scanner, but we used only the central plane of the cone beam, resulting in 2D fan beam geometry.</p> <p>Data is given in two different resolutions corresponding to reconstructions of size 256 x 256 or 512 x 512, (<em>GelPhantomData_b4.mat</em> and <em>GelPhantomData_b2.mat</em> respectively). In addition to the primary measurements, a more densely sampled measurements from the first time step and an additional 18th time step are provided in <em>GelPhantom_extra_frames.mat</em>.</p> <p>The measurements are stored in special data structures containing all the necessary metadata. In combination with the MATLAB toolboxes this allows for easy application of forward operators and reconstruction algorithms.</p> <p>This is demonstrated using the included example codes. These require ASTRA Toolbox, Spot Linear Operator Toolbox and HelTomo Toolbox (v1) for MATLAB.</p> <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Some of the metadata field names are different in HelTomo v2 and higher. Use of the data requires renaming (or adding) two fields in to the parameters:<br> numDetectorsPost = numDetectors;<br> effectivePixelSizePost = effectivePixelSize;<br> <strong>Update: </strong>in v1.2 the data and example codes have been updated to match HelTomo v2.1 convention. For backwards compatibility (with Heltomo 1.0) the old medatadata field names remain.</p> <p>The full cone-beam measurements and corresponding documentation are available in <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7739984">Zenodo</a>.</p>
Ultrasound Stochastic Tomography simulation data for In-silico 2D Breast Phantom model with tumour
<p>An anatomically realistic numerical breast phantom model (with realistic acoustic properties of speed of sound, density, and attenuation coefficient of tissues) derived from [1] is presented with details of a ultrasound tomography experiment in simulation. Details of source wavelets, geometry of transducer set, observed data at each transducer for each shots are provided with phantom model.</p> <p>References</p> <p>[1] <a href="https://anastasio.bioengineering.illinois.edu/downloadable-content/oa-breast-database/">https://anastasio.bioengineering.illinois.edu/downloadable-content/oa-breast-database/</a></p>
CT Simulations of MITA Low Contrast Detectability Phantom for Model Observer Assessments
<p>Dataset of CT Simulations of MITA Low Contrast Detectability Phantom for Model Observer Assessments. </p>
Dataset for: Laser absorption spectroscopy measurements of different pulmonary oxygen gas concentrations in transmittance and remittance geometry – phantom study
<p><strong>Significance</strong></p> <p>GASMAS technique has the potential for continuous, clinical monitoring of pre-term infant lung function, removing the need to X-ray diagnosis and reliance on indirect and relatively slow measurement of blood oxygenation.</p> <p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>To determine optimal source-detector configuration for reliable path lengths calculation and to estimate the oxygen gas concentration inside the lung cavities filled with humidified gas with four different oxygen gas concentrations ranging between 21% and 100%.</p> <p><strong>Approach</strong></p> <p>Anthropomorphic optical phantoms of neonatal thorax with two different geometries were used to acquire Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) signals, for 30 source-detector configurations in transmittance and remittance geometry of phantoms in two sizes.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>The results show that an internal light administration is more likely to provide a high GASMAS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In general, better SNRs were obtained with the smaller set of phantoms. The values of path length and O<sub>2</sub> concentrations calculated with signals from the phantoms with optical properties at 820 nm, exhibit higher variations than signals from the phantoms with optical properties at 764 nm.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>The study shows that by moving the source and detector over the thorax, most of the lung volumes can potentially be assessed using GASMAS technique.</p>
Monte Carlo simulation of water cylinder phantoms for Data Driven Gating (DDG) in single photon emission tomography
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
3AM straight reproducibility phantoms
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The phantom chorus: birdsong boosts human well-being in protected areas
<p>Spending time in nature is known to benefit human health and well-being, but evidence is mixed as to whether biodiversity or perceptions of biodiversity contribute to these benefits. Perhaps more importantly, little is known about the sensory modalities by which humans perceive biodiversity and obtain benefits from their interactions with nature. Here, we used a "phantom bird song chorus" consisting of hidden speakers to experimentally increase audible birdsong biodiversity during "on" and "off" (i.e., ambient conditions) blocks on two trails to study the role of audition in biodiversity perception and self-reported well-being among hikers. Hikers exposed to the phantom chorus reported higher levels of restorative effects compared to those that experienced ambient conditions on both trails; however, increased restorative effects were directly linked to the phantom chorus on one trail and indirectly linked to the phantom chorus on the other trail through perceptions of avian biodiversity. Our findings add to a growing body of evidence linking mental health to nature experiences and suggest that audition is an important modality by which natural environments confer restorative effects. Finally, our results suggest that maintaining or improving natural soundscapes within protected areas may be an important component to maximizing human experiences.</p>
Data for: Phantom rivers filter birds and bats by acoustic niche
<p>Natural sensory environments, despite strong potential for structuring systems, have been neglected in ecological theory. Here, we test the hypothesis that intense natural acoustic environments shape animal distributions and behavior by broadcasting whitewater river noise in montane riparian zones for two summers. We find that both birds and bats avoid areas with high sound levels, while birds avoid frequencies that overlap with birdsong, and bats avoid higher frequencies more generally. Behaviorally, intense sound levels decrease foraging in birds, whereas bats appear to switch hunting strategies from passive listening to aerial hawking as sound levels increase. Natural acoustic environments are an underappreciated niche axis, a conclusion that serves to escalate the urgency of mitigating human-created noise.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.