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211 results for “plant ecology”
Data from: Extensive sympatry and frequent hybridization of ecologically divergent aquatic plants on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p><span>Hybridization has fascinated biologists in recent centuries for its evolutionary importance, especially in plants. Hybrid zones </span><span>are </span><span>commonly located in regions across environmental gradients due to more opportunities to contact and ecological heterogeneity. For aquatic taxa, intrazonal character makes broad </span><span>overlapping</span><span> regions in intermediate environments between related species. However, we have limited information on the hybridization pattern of aquatic taxa in </span><span>alpines, especially submerged macrophytes</span><span>. In this study, we aimed to test the hypotheses that niche overlap and hybridization might be extensive in related aquatic plants across an altitudinal gradient. We evaluated the niche overlap in three related species pairs on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and assessed the spatial pattern of hybrid populations. Obvious niche overlap and common hybridization were revealed in all three pairs of related aquatic plants. The plateau edge and river basins were broad areas for the sympatry of divergent taxa, where a large proportion of hybrid populations occurred. Hybrids are also discretely distributed in diverse habitats on the plateau. Differences in the extent of niche overlap, genetic incompatibility and phylogeographic history might lead to variations in hybridization patterns among the three species pairs. Our results suggested that plateau </span><span>areas are</span><span> a hotspot for ecologically divergent aquatic species to contact and mate and implied that hybridization may be important for the freshwater biodiversity of highlands.</span></p>
Spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns reveal ontogenetic shifts in ecological processes of plant community assembly
The analysis of spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic structure of plant communities provides insight into the underlying processes and interactions governing their assembly, and how these may change during plant ontogeny. We used point pattern analysis to find out if saplings and adult plants are surrounded by phylogenetically and phenotypically more similar or dissimilar neighbours than expected by chance, and whether these associations change from the sapling to the adult stage. To this end, we combined information on the phylogenetic structure and eight phenotypic traits of 15 woody plant species in two Mediterranean mixed forests of southeastern Spain. At the community level, we found that the sapling bank at both sites did not show phylogenetic or phenotypic spatial patterns, but adults showed phylogenetic clustering (i.e., heterospecific neighbours were more similar than expected). At the species level, we found frequently repulsive patterns in the sapling bank of less abundant species (i.e., heterospecific sapling or adult neighbours were more dissimilar than expected) in both, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses. For the adult stage, we found phylogenetic attraction (i.e., more similar neighbours) in just one species and phenotypic clustering in four species. The processes driving the assembly of the communities of saplings and adults leave detectable signals in the spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic structure of our two forest communities. Our findings reinforce the existence of ontogenetic shifts in the mechanisms involved in plant community assembly. Facilitation between phylogenetically distant and phenotypically divergent species favours the recruitment of less abundant species. However, processes acting later in the ontogeny ameliorate the competition between close relatives and determine the spatial structure of adult plants. Nevertheless, the role of phenotype in shaping adult-adult interactions was context- and trait-dependent. The use of spatial point pattern analysis allowed a nuanced interpretation of the phylogenetic and phenotypic structures of the plant community.
Figure 5 in Knowledge gaps regarding frugivorous ecological networks between birds and plants in Brazil
Figure 5. Complex ecological network constructed from information about interactions between frugivorous birds (triangles) and non-native plants (circles) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (A) and Cerrado (B). Each color represents an agglomerate of species that are more connected among themselves than with species of other agglomerates. Names in triangles and circles represent are abbreviations of species names. Abbreviations are defined in the supplementary material (S1).
Figure 3 in Knowledge gaps regarding frugivorous ecological networks between birds and plants in Brazil
Figure 3. Complex ecological network constructed with information about interactions between frugivorous birds (triangles) and plants (circles) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Each color represents an agglomerate of species that are more connected among themselves than with species of other agglomerates. Species with the highest values of connectivity and centrality are circled. Names in triangles and circles are abbreviations of species names. Abbreviations are defined in the supplementary material (S1).
Figure 4 in Knowledge gaps regarding frugivorous ecological networks between birds and plants in Brazil
Figure 4. Complex ecological network constructed with information about interactions between frugivorous birds (triangles) and plants (circles) in the Brazilian Cerrado. Each color represents an agglomerate of species that are more connected among themselves than with species of other agglomerates. Species with the highest values of connectivity and centrality are circled. Names in triangles and circles are abbreviations of species names. Abbreviations are defined in the supplementary material (S1).
Ecological and metabolomic responses of plants to deer exclosure in a suburban forest
<p>Trees and shrubs in suburban forests can be subject to chronic herbivory from abundant white-tailed deer, influencing survival, growth, secondary metabolites and ecological success in the community. We investigated how deer affect the size, cover, and metabolomes of four species in the understory of a suburban forest in central New Jersey, USA: the woody shrubs E<em>uonymus alatus</em> and <em>Lindera benzoin</em>, the tree <em>Nyssa sylvatica</em>, and the semi-woody shrub <em>Rosa multiflora</em>. For each species, we compared plants in 38 16 m<sup>2</sup> plots with or without deer exclosure, measuring proportion cover and mean height after 6.5 years of fencing. We scored each species in all plots for deer browsing over eight years and assessed selection by deer among the species. We did untargeted metabolomics by sampling leaves from three plants of each species in an equal number of fenced and unfenced plots, conducting chloroform-methanol extractions followed by LC-MS/MS, and conducting statistical analysis on MetaboAnalyst. The proportion of a species browsed ranged from 0.24 to 0.35. <em>Nyssa sylvatica</em> appeared most selected by and susceptible to deer; in unfenced plots both its cover and mean height were significantly lower. Only cover or height was lower for <em>E. alatus</em> and <em>L. benzoin</em> in unfenced plots, while <em>R. multiflora</em> height was greater. The metabolomic analysis identified 2,333 metabolites, which clustered by species but not fencing treatment. However, targeted analysis of the top metabolites grouped by fencing for all samples and for each species alone, and was especially clear in<em> N. sylvatica,</em> which also grouped by fencing using all metabolites. The most significant metabolites that were upregulated in fenced plants include some involved in defense-related metabolic pathways, e.g. monoterpenoid biosynthesis. In overbrowsed suburban forests, variation of deer impact on species' ecological success, potentially mediated by metabolome-wide chemical responses to deer, may contribute to changes in community structure.</p>
Raw data on water, submerged plants, benthic cyanobacteria, and sediments in ecological experiments
<p>This study aimed to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the growth of submerged macrophytes (<em>Vallisneria natans</em>) and benthic cyanobacteria (<em>Leptolyngbya</em> sp.), and analyze the redistribution of N and P in the water and sediments under nutrient loading. We detected a total of nine experimental gradients (two replicates), totaling 18 treatment groups at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, and 50 d. The final resulting raw data include the concentrations of physicochemical factors (the pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), redox potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) in the water, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in the water, <em>V. natans</em>, and Leptolyngbya sp. biofilms. The dry weight (DW), plant height and ramet numbers of <em>V. natans</em>, and the TP amount in <em>V. natans</em> and sediments were also measured.</p>
A direct comparison of ecological theories for predicting the relationship between plant traits and growth
<p>Despite long-standing theory for classifying plant ecological strategies, limited data directly links organismal traits to whole-plant growth rates. We compared trait-growth relationships based on three prominent theories: growth analysis, Grime's competitive-stress tolerant-ruderal (CSR) triangle, and the leaf economics spectrum (LES). Under these schemes, growth is hypothesized to be predicted by traits related to relative biomass investment, leaf structure or gas exchange, respectively. We also considered traits not included in these theories, but that might provide potential alternative best predictors of growth. In phylogenetic analyses of 30 diverse milkweeds (<em>Asclepias</em> spp.) and 21 morphological and physiological traits, growth rate (total biomass produced per day) varied 50-fold and was best predicted by biomass allocation to leaves (as predicted by growth analysis) and the CSR traits of leaf size and leaf dry matter content. Total leaf area and plant height were also excellent predictors of whole-plant growth rate. Despite two LES traits correlating with growth (mass-based leaf nitrogen and area-based leaf phosphorus contents), these were in the opposite direction predicted by LES, such that higher N and P contents corresponded to slower growth. The remaining LES traits (e.g., leaf gas exchange) were not predictive of plant growth rates. Overall, differences in growth rate were driven more by whole-plant characteristics such as biomass fractions and total leaf area than individual leaf-level traits such as photosynthetic rate or specific leaf area. Our results are most consistent with classical growth analysis - combining leaf traits with whole-plant allocation to best predict growth. However, given that destructive biomass measures are often not feasible, applying easy-to-measure leaf traits associated with the CSR classification appear more predictive of whole plant growth than LES traits. Testing the generality of this result across additional taxa would further improve our ability to predict whole-plant growth from functional traits across scales.</p>
Data from: Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatland
<p>This dataset is published in conjunction with the publication of : Kelly, R., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2022) Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatland. <em>Ecology and Evolution, </em>and contains the environmental, botanical and entomological datasets underpinning the analysis contained there in. Additionally, it contains datasets on seedbanks and bird species which were collected as part of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency funded project 'Quantifying the impact of wildfires in the Northern Ireland' from 2012 to 2015 (see: <a href="https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/quantifying-impact-wildfires-northern-ireland-final-report-2016">https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/quantifying-impact-wildfires-northern-ireland-final-report-2016</a>)</p> <p>This data underpins the following publications which discuss the impacts of wildfires at these key upland sites in Northern Ireland: </p> <ul> <li>Kelly, R., Boston, E., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2016). The role of the seed bank in recovery of temperate heath and blanket bog following wildfires. Applied Vegetation Science, 19(4), 620-633. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12242">https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12242</a> </li> <li>Kelly, R., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2018). Differences in soil chemistry remain following wildfires on temperate heath and blanket bog sites of conservation concern. Geoderma, 315, 20-26. - <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.016" rel="noreferrer noopener" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.016</a> </li> <li>Reid, N., Kelly, R. & Montgomery, W.I. (2022) Impact of wildfires on ecosystems and bird communities on designated areas of blanket bog and heath. Bird Study (In press)</li> <li>Kelly, R., Montgomery, W. I., & Reid, N. (2022) Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatland. Ecology and Evolution. (In press)</li> </ul> <p>Data were collected and collated by Ruth Kelly (ruth.kelly@afbini.gov.uk/ruthkelly123@gmail.com) in collaboration with Dr. Neil Reid, Dr. Emma Boston, Prof. W.I. Montgomery (Queen's University Belfast) and Dr. Damian Mc Ferran (National Museums of Northern Ireland). We are also very grateful to Roy Anderson, Orla McLaughlin, Anna Hart, Rachel Hamill, Adam Mantell, Tony Smith, Joanne Denyer and Richard Weyl for their expertise and assistance in species identification, and to Gillian Riddell, Caroline Finlay, Florentine Spaans, Jeremy Adelard, Marion Chapalain, Alice McPherson, Claire McVeigh, Amber Woods and Rachel Hamill for assistance and expertise in the laboratory and field. </p>
Saul Flores data for manuscript in ECOLOGY: Extreme drought disrupts plant phenology: insights from 35 years of cloud forest data in Venezuela
<p>Venezuela cloud forest phenology data for tree flowers and fruits.</p>
Impacts of ecological restoration on the genetic diversity of plant species: A global meta-analysis
<p>1. In contrast to the depth of knowledge available for the enhancement of plant species diversity and ecosystem services through ecological restoration, our understanding of how ecological restoration impacts genetic diversity (GD) of plant species has not yet been synthesized.</p> <p>2. We performed a global meta-analysis to examine whether ecological restoration improved GD of plant species in restored populations. First, we compared the GD of restored populations with reference or degraded populations. Second, we explored whether the influence of ecological restoration on plant GD varies between species with different characteristics (life form and threat status), between different restoration strategies (active/passive, seeding/planting, mixture/non-mixture) or between different restoration times (<50 and ≥50 years; with an average of 29.3 years).</p> <p>3. The GD of restored populations was significantly lower (HE, 1.06%; PPB, 5.10%, and SWI, 4.95%) than in reference populations but was comparable to degraded populations. The inbreeding coefficient (FIS, the proportion by which the heterozygosity of an individual is reduced by inbreeding) was consistently comparable between restored populations and reference or degraded populations.</p> <p>4. Woody species but not herbs had significantly lower GD in restored populations than in reference populations. Forest but not grassland ecosystem had significantly lower GD in restored populations than in reference populations. Passive but not active restoration, seeding rather than planting, and mixing materials from different sources rather than using a single source, all significantly increased the GD of restored populations. When the restoration time was ≥50 years, in contrast to <50 years, GD was comparable between the restored and reference populations.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications. In general, ecological restoration did not significantly improve the GD of plant species compared to reference or degraded populations. This might be due in part to the relatively short restoration time. Using passive restoration, seeding, and mixed sources could significantly increase the GD of restored populations. We emphasize that GD should not be treated as a minor cobenefit of ecological restoration for other purposes and that the recovery of GD should be listed as a vital goal in future ecological restoration with plant species.</p>
The structure and ecological function of the interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through multilayer networks
<ol> <li>Arbuscular mycorrhizas are one of the most frequent mutualisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Although studies on plant mutualistic interaction networks suggest that they may leave their imprint on plant community structure and dynamics, this has not been explicitly assessed. Thus, in the context of plant-fungi interactions, studies explicitly linking plant-mycorrhizal fungi interaction networks with key ecological functions of plant communities, such as recruitment, are lacking. </li> <li>In this study, we analyse, in two Mediterranean forest communities of southern Iberian Peninsula, how plant-AMF networks modulate plant-plant recruitment interaction networks. We use a new approach integrating plant-AMF and plant recruitment networks into a single multilayer structure. We also develop a new metric (Interlayer Node Neighbourhood Integration, INNI) to explore the impact of a given node on the structure across layers.</li> <li>Similarity of plant species in their AMF communities is positively related to the observed frequency of recruitment interactions in the field. Results reveal that properties of plant-AMF networks, such as plant degree and centrality, contribute to explaining properties of the plant recruitment network, such as in- and out-degree (i.e. sapling bank and canopy service) and its modular structure. However, these relationships differed between the two forest communities. Finally, we identify particular AMF that contribute to integrating the neighbourhood of recruitment interactions between plants.</li> <li>This multilayer network approach is useful to explore the role of plant-AMF interactions on recruitment, a key ecosystem function enhanced by fungi. Results provide evidence that the complex structure of plant-AMF interactions impacts functional and structurally plant-plant interactions, which in turn may potentially influence plant community dynamics, through their effects on the structure of the recruitment network.</li> </ol>
Data from: Integrating ecological niche and hydrological connectivity models to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle
<p>We built this dataset to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on the distribution of an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle with very unique ecological requirements, the Williams' side-necked turtle (<em>Phrynops</em> <em>williamsi</em>). To prevent and mitigate impacts, we prioritized sites for species conservation by classifying planned HPP locations according to their predicted adverse effects on species distribution. The dataset has two files: i) species occurrence records and ii) hydropower plant data. The first dataset was fully built by the authors and the second was modified from the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) georeferenced data system.</p>
Ecological consequences of plant genotypic diversity within a foundation plant, Spartina alterniflora, are pervasive but not universal across multiple stress gradients
<ol> <li>Plant genotypic diversity can influence population- and community-level processes, yet we have a limited understanding of how these effects vary across environmental gradients that are ubiquitous in nature. </li> <li>We conducted a 2-year field experiment manipulating plant (<em>Spartina</em> <em>alterniflora</em>) genotypic diversity across a natural stress gradient in tidal elevation, both with and without the addition of nutrients. </li> <li> <em>Spartina</em> diversity increased stem production, but the magnitude of this effect was reduced at both the most stressful and most benign endpoints of the combined elevation and nutrient gradient, consistent with recent species diversity studies. Complementarity among individuals likely underpins the observed benefit of <em>Spartina</em> diversity. </li> <li> <em>Spartina</em> diversity also affected the associated marsh community, with higher consumer (<em>Littoraria</em> <em>irrorata</em>) abundance in more diverse plots, owing to both greater <em>Spartina</em> density and increased variation in <em>Spartina</em> traits.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: The positive effects of <em>Spartina</em> diversity on population- and community-level responses under most environmental conditions highlights the ecological importance of plant genotypic diversity for the maintenance of function across the marsh landscape. </li> </ol>
Tackling local ecological homogeneity: Finding intraspecific trait variability in local populations of Mediterranean plants
<p>Local homogeneity, in ecology, is the often undisclosed assumption that variability within populations is negligible or mostly distributed evenly. In large areas, this can lead to the aggregation of different populations without regard for their unique needs and characteristics, such as drought sensitivity and functional traits distributions. Here we discuss whether this assumption can be justified, and we hypothesize that discerning the source of variation between plasticity and adaptation could be a feasible approach to formulate an informed decision. We test this hypothesis on plants, resorting to a common garden experiment to determine the source of variation of several plant functional traits at a local scale (~60 Km) of three wild species: <em>Quercus ilex</em>, <em>Pistacia lentiscus</em> and <em>Cistus salviifolius</em>. Individuals of each species were sourced from three key sites chosen along a local aridity gradient. Our approach led to the rejection of the local homogeneity assumption for <em>Q. ilex</em> and <em>C. salviifolius</em> at this scale due to the adaptive divergence observed among neighbouring populations. This case study provides evidence that addressing local homogeneity can highlight diverging populations in a relatively simple way. We conclude that gathering empirical evidence on intraspecific variability is a feasible approach that can provide researchers with solid bases to decide whether to adopt the local homogeneity assumption or not.</p>
SI_IV_3_Reverse chemical ecology to study the defense of the plant host Sextonia rubra and the chemical mediators of its endophyte Fusarium falciforme against phytopathogen Trametes versicolor
<p>Ces travaux présentant les données supplémentaires générés lors de l'étude de la confrontation d'isolat identifiés comme des <em>Fusarium falciforme</em> contre<em> Trametes versicolor</em>.</p>
Biodiversity components mediate the response to forest loss and the effect on ecological processes of plant-frugivore assemblages
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Data from: Integrating ecological niche and hydrological connectivity models to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle
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Ecological data from: Combining botanical collections and ecological data to better describe plant community diversity
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Data from: Relatedness with plant species in native community influences ecological consequences of range expansions
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.