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125 results for “plant galls”
Figure 9 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 9. Histochemical positive results in C. pouteriae gall. (a) starch in abaxial cortex and near to vascular bundles; (b) reducing sugars detected mainly in the adaxial cortex; (c) proteins in adaxial and abaxial cortex cells; (d) lipids in the cortex; (e) proanthocyanidins detected in cells adjacent to pit and in the adaxial cortex; (f) auxins in the adaxial cortex and in the cells around the pit. Pi = pit.
Figure 4 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 4. Ceropsylla spp., male terminalia. (a, b) male proctiger, in profile; (c, d) inner face of paramere, in profile; (e) paramere, rear view; (f, g) distal portion of aedeagus. ‒ (a, c, f) C. pouteriae Burckhardt, sp. nov.; (b, d, e, g) C. sideroxyli Riley.
Figure 6 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 6. Ceropsylla sideroxyli Riley, immature. (a) habitus, left side, dorsal view; (b) habitus, right side, ventral view; (c) marginal sectasetae; (d) antenna; (e) dorsal sectasetae; (f) circumanal ring; (g) tip of tarsus with tarsal arolium.
Figure 7 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 7. Anatomical structure of Ceropsylla pouteriae gall and Pouteria ramiflora leaf. (a, b) leaf; (c, d) gall; (a) midrib with bicollateral vascular bundle surrounded by fibres and laticifers; (b) intercostal region with dorsiventral mesophyll; (c) cortex with three zonation: adaxial cortex, median cortex and abaxial cortex; (d) vascular bundles in median cortex. Xy = xylem; Ph = phloem; Col = collenchyma; Lac = laticifer; AdE = adaxial surface of epidermis; PP = palisade parenchyma; SP = spongy parenchyma; VB = vascular bundles; AbE = adaxial surface of epidermis; Co = cortex; AdC = adaxial cortex; MD = medium cortex; AbC = abaxial cortex; Pi = pit.
Figure 5 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 5. Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt, sp. nov., immature. (a) habitus, left side, dorsal view; (b) habitus, right side, ventral view (vp = ventral process); (c) marginal sectasetae; (d) antenna; (e) dorsal sectasetae; (f) circumanal ring; (g) tip of tarsus with tarsal arolium.
Figs. 7–8. M in Myrciamyia pterandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lopesiini), a new species of gall midge associated with Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazilian Cerrado
Figs. 7–8. M. pterandrae Maia & Flor, sp. nov., pupa. 7. Apical setae (dorsal view). 8. Eighth abdominal segment (dorsal view). Scale bars in mm.
FIGURES 1–6 in Taxonomic confusion among gall-thrips and host-plants, with three new combinations from the genus Austrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Ocnothrips cochinchinensis. (1) head; (2) antenna; (3) pelta and tergites I–II; (4) pronotum; (5) mes and metanotum; (6) type slides.
Data from: Distribution of the specialist aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Homoptera: Aphididae) in response to host plant semiochemical induction by the gall fly Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Many plants use terpenoids and other volatile compounds as semiochemicals. Reception of plant volatiles by conspecifics may trigger a defensive phytochemical response. These same compounds can also function as host recognition signals for phytophagous insects. In this experiment we find that when the specialist gall-forming fly Eurosta solidaginis attacks its tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) host plant, the fly indirectly induces a phytochemical response in nearby tall goldenrod plants. This phytochemical response may, in turn, act as a positive signal attracting the goldenrod specialist aphid Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum. Laboratory based experiments exposing ungalled tall goldenrod plants to the volatiles released by E. solidaginis galls demonstrated a consistent increase in foliar terpenoid concentrations in ungalled plants. Analysis of tall goldenrod stem and gall tissue chemistry revealed induction of terpenoids in gall tissue, with a simultaneous decrease in green leaf volatile concentrations. Field experiments demonstrated a consistent spatial relationship in tall goldenrod foliar terpenoid concentrations with distance from an E. solidaginis gall. Both laboratory and field experiments establish consistent induction of the terpene β-farnesene, and that this compound is a strong positive predictor of U. nigrotuberculatum aphid presence on goldenrod plants along with plant biomass and several other foliar terpenoids. These findings suggest E. solidaginis induced phytochemistry, especially β-farnesene, may be acting as a kairomone, driving aphid distribution in the field.
Insect Galls-Host Plants in Biomes Series (Cerrado) v1.0.1
<p>Insect Galls-Host Plants in Biomes Series (Cerrado). Dataset v1.0.1</p>
Data from: Diversity and distribution of Wolbachia in relation to geography, host plant affiliation and life cycle of a heterogonic gall wasp
Background: The maternally inherited endosymbiont Wolbachia is widespread in arthropods and nematodes and can play an important role in the ecology and evolution of its host through reproductive manipulation. Here, we survey Wolbachia in Belonocnema treatae, a widely distributed North American cynipid gall forming wasp that exhibits regional host specialization on three species of oaks and alternation of sexually and aseuxlly reproducing generations. We investigated whether patterns of Wolbachia infection and diversity in B. treatae are associated with the insect's geographic distribution, host plant association, life cycle, and mitochondrial evolutionary history. Results: Screening of 463 individuals from 23 populations including sexual and asexual generations from all three host plants across the southern U.S. showed an average infection rate of 56% with three common Wolbachia strains: wTre1-3 and an additional rare variant wTre4. Phylogenetic analysis based on wsp showed that these strains are unrelated and likely independently inherited. We found no difference in Wolbachia infection frequency among host plant associated populations or between the asexual and sexual generations, or between males and females of the sexual generation. Partially incomplete Wolbachia transmission rates might explain the occurrence of uninfected individuals. A parallel analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene in B. treatae showed high mtDNA haplotype diversity in both infected and uninfected populations suggesting an ancestral infection by Wolbachia as well as a clear split between eastern and western B. treatae mtDNA clades with a sequence divergence of > 6%. The strain wTre1 was present almost exclusively in the western clade while wTre2 and wTre3 occur almost exclusively in eastern populations. In contrast, the same strains co-occur as double-infection in Georgia and triple-infections in two populations in central Florida. Conclusions: The diversity of Wolbachia across geographically and genetically distinct populations of B. treatae and the co-occurrence of the same strains within three populations highlights the complex infection dynamics in this system. Moreover, the association of distinct Wolbachia strains with mitochondrial haplotypes of its host in populations infected by different Wolbachia strains suggests a potential role of the endosymbiont in reproductive isolation in B. treatae.
FIGURE 2 in Descriptions of two new Species of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) associated with insect induced plant galls from India
FIGURE 2. Goniozus inauditus Santhosh sp. nov., ♀, holotype A) Habitus, lateral view; B) Head & mesosoma, lateral view; C) Head, anterior view; D) Mesosoma, dorsal view; E) Metasoma, dorsal view; F) Forewing & hindwing.
FIGURE 1 in Descriptions of two new Species of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) associated with insect induced plant galls from India
FIGURE 1. Insect induced leaf galls on A) Memecylon umbellatum induced by Crotonothrips sp. B) Syzygium cumini induced by Trioza jambolanae Crawford.
FIGURE 4 in Descriptions of two new Species of Goniozus Förster, 1856 (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) associated with insect induced plant galls from India
FIGURE 4. Goniozus kuriani Santhosh sp. nov., ♀, holotype A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, lateral view; C. Head, anterior view; D. Mesosoma, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma & legs, lateral view; F. Fore wing.
FIGURES 73–76 in The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae 2633
FIGURES 73–76. Scanning electron micrographs of anterior end of parthenogenetic females of Fergusobia. 73: from E. planchoniana 'leafy' LBG. 76: from E. delegatensis TLG. 77: from E. tereticornis TLG. 78: from E. gomphocephala PG. Scale bars 2 µm.
FIGURES 80–88 in The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae 2633
FIGURES 80–88. Gall forms induced by the Fergusobia/Fergusonina mutualism. 80: PG on leaf and petiole on S. luehmannii. 81: SBG on M. quinquenervia. 82: axial bud 'stem' galls on C. tessellaris. 83: FBG on E. eugenioides. 84: TLG on E. camaldulensis. 85: Bud galls on E. leucoxylon. 86: Unilocular axial bud gall on M. decora. 87: PG on leaf of E. pauciflora. 88: PG on leaf of E. gomphocephala. Scale bars 80–83 = 5mm; 84 = 1cm; 85–88 = 5mm
FIGURES 69–72 in The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae 2633
FIGURES 69–72. Scanning electron micrographs of lateral fields of parthenogenetic females of Fergusobia. 69: from E. gomphocephala PG. 70: from E. tereticornis TLG. 71: from E. viminalis 'leafy' LBG. 72: from E. gomphocephala PG. Scale bars 69–71 = 5 µm; 72 = 2 µm.
FIGURES 1–22 in The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae 2633
FIGURES 1–22. Habitus drawings of parthenogenetic females from Fergusobia clades inferred from sequences of D2/ D3. 1: F. magna from C. tessellaris axial bud 'stem' galls. 2: from M. linariifolia SBG. 3: from E. camaldulensis TLG. 4: from E. camaldulensis FBG. 5: from E. microcarpa FBG. 6: from E. delegatensis TLG. 7: from E. fasciculosa style gall. 8: from E. gomphocephala PG. 9: from E. planchoniana 'leafy' LBG. 10: from E. tereticornis PG. 11: from S. luehmannii PG. 12: F. ptychocarpae from C. ptychocarpa FBG. 13: from A. floribunda TLG. 14: F. fisheri from E. leucoxylon FLG. 15: from Corymbia sp. PG. 16: from E. camaldulensis axial bud 'stem' galls. 17: F. quinquenerviae from M. quinquenervia SBG. 18: from M. nervosa BSG. 19: from M. quinquenervia 'rosette' gall. 20: from E. obliqua FBG a. 21: from E. obliqua FBG b. 22: from E. viminalis 'leafy' LBG. Scale bars = 50µm.
FIGURES 62–68 in The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae 2633
FIGURES 62–68. Shield forms found on third stage larvae of Fergusonina fly species associated with Fergusobia nematodes. "Bars" form. 62: from E. delegatensis TLG. 63: from Eucalyptus sp. FLG. "Dots" form. 64: from E. porosa PG. 65: from E. viminalis ULBG. 66: from E. odorata FLG. 67: from E. siderophloia FLG. "Plates with teeth" form. 68: from E. cosmophylla TLG. Scale bars 62–67 = 0.02mm; 68= 0.2mm.
FIGURES 44–61 in The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae 2633
FIGURES 44–61. Habitus drawings of preparasitic infective females from Fergusobia clades inferred from sequences of D2/D3. 44: F. magna from C. tessellaris axial bud 'stem' galls. 45: from M. linariifolia 46 from E. camaldulensis TLG. 47: from E. camaldulensis FBG. 48: from E. microcarpa FBG. 49: from E. delegatensis TLG. 50: from E. fasciculosa style gall. 51: from E. gomphocephala PG. 52: from E planchoniana 'leafy' LBG. 53: from S. luehmannii PG. 54: F. ptychocarpae from C. ptychocarpa FBG. 55: from A. floribunda TLG. 56: F. fisheri from E. leucoxylon FLG. 57: from Corymbia sp. PG. 58: from E. camaldulensis axial bud 'stem' galls. 59: F. quinquenerviae from M. quinquenervia SBG. 60: from M. quinquenervia 'rosette' gall. 61: from E. viminalis 'leafy' LBG. Scale bars = 50µm.
FIGURES 23–43 in The nematode genus Fergusobia (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae): molecular phylogeny, descriptions of clades and associated galls, host plants and Fergusonina fly larvae 2633
FIGURES 23–43. Habitus drawings of males from Fergusobia clades inferred from sequences of D2/D3. 23: F. magna from C. tessellaris axial bud 'stem' galls. 24: from M. linariifolia ULBG. 25: from E. camaldulensis TLG. 26: from E. camaldulensis FBG. 27: from E. microcarpa FBG. 28: from E. delegatensis TLG. 29: from E. fasciculosa style gall. 30: from E. gomphocephala PG. 31: from E. planchoniana 'leafy' LBG. 32: from E. tereticornis PG. 33: from S. luehmannii PG. 34: F. ptychocarpae from C. ptychocarpa FBG. 35: from A. floribunda TLG. 36: F. fisheri from E. leucoxylon FLG. 37: from Corymbia sp. PG. 38: from E. camaldulensis axial bud 'stem' galls. 39: F. quinquenerviae from M. quinquenervia SBG. 40: from M. quinquenervia 'rosette' gall. 41: from E. obliqua FBGa. 42: from E. obliqua FBGb. 43: from E. viminalis 'leafy' LBG. Scale bars = 50µm.
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