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66 results for “precipitation change”
Data from: Geographical variation in species' population responses to changes in temperature and precipitation
Despite increasing concerns about the vulnerability of species' populations to climate change, there has been little overall synthesis of how individual population responses to variation in climate differ between taxa, with trophic level or geographically. To address this, we extracted data from 132 long-term (≥20 years) studies of population responses to temperature and precipitation covering 236 animal and plant species across terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Temperature tended to have a greater overall impact on populations than precipitation, although the effects of increased precipitation varied strongly with latitude, being most positive at low latitudes. Population responses to increased temperature were generally positive, but did not vary significantly with latitude. Studies reporting significant climatic trends through time tended to show more negative effects of temperature and more positive effects of precipitation upon populations than other studies. Our results identify likely geographical differences in the effects of climate change on populations and communities. Most studies of climate change impacts on biodiversity have focussed on temperature and are from middle to high northern latitudes; our results suggest their findings may be less applicable to low latitudes, where most species occur and where variation in precipitation under climate change may be more important in determining demographic responses.
Data from: Spatial pattern and scale influence invader demographic response to simulated precipitation change in an annual grassland community
It is important to predict which invasive species will benefit from future changes in climate, and thereby identify those invaders that need particular attention and prioritization of management efforts. Because establishment, persistence, and spread determine invasion success, this prediction requires detailed demographic information. Explicit study of the impact of pattern on demographic response is particularly important for species that are naturally patchy, such as the invasive grass, Aegilops triuncialis. In the northern California Coast Range, where climate change may increase or decrease mean annual rainfall, we conducted a field experiment to understand the interaction of climate change and local-scale patterning on the demography of A. triuncialis. We manipulated precipitation (reduced, ambient, or augmented), seed density, and seeding pattern. Demographic and environmental data were collected for three years following initial seeding. Pattern and scale figure prominently in the demographic response of A. triuncialis to precipitation manipulation. Pattern interacts with precipitation and seeding density in its influence on per-plant seed output. Although per-plot seed production was highest when seeds were not aggregated, per-plant seed output was higher in aggregated patches. Results suggest aggregation of invasive A. triuncialis reduces the detrimental impact of interspecific competition in its invaded community, and that interspecific competition per se has a stronger impact than intraspecific competition
Landslide Sensitivity and Response to Precipitation Changes in Wet and Dry Climates
<p>This dataset contains shapefile polygons for the landslide inventories constructed by Handwerger et al. (2022). The file named "Handwerger_ARIA_based_landslide_inventory.zip" contains the shapefile polygons for the full landslide inventory. For more details see Figure 1c and Table S3 in Handwerger et al. (2022). The file named "Handwerger_landslides_selected4timeseries.zip" contains shapefile polygons for the 38 landslides selected for time series analyses. For more details see Figure 2, Figure 3, and Table S4 in Handwerger et al. (2022).</p> <p>These landslide inventories are fully described in Handwerger, A. L., Fielding, E. J., Sangha, S. S., & Bekaert, D. P. S. (2022). Landslide sensitivity and response to precipitation changes in wet and dry climates. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2022GL099499. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099499.</p>
Data and script for "Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to the Changes in Land Surface Conditions"
<p>This is a placeholder for Data and script for ""<strong>Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to the Changes in Land Surface Condition" submitted to JGR-atmosphere.</strong></p>
Model output dataset used in "Sensitivity of Heavy Convective Precipitation Simulations to Changes in Land-atmosphere Exchange Processes over China"
<p>This dataset accompanies the paper by Zhang et al. "Sensitivity of Heavy Convective Precipitation Simulations to Changes in Land-atmosphere Exchange Processes over China".</p> <p>Three heavy precipitation events were modeled using the WRF v3.9 model:</p> <p>(1) The_21_July_Beijing_Rainstorm_Simulation<br> (2) The_30_July_Ningxia_rainstorm_Simulation<br> (3) The_19_June_Jiangxi_rainstorm_Simulation</p> <p>Furthermore, three cases were designed for each heavy precipitation event: (1) control experiment (DEFAULT), using the default M-O option (<em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> ~ 0); (2) constant <em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> (CZIL0.01, CZIL0.05, CZIL0.1, CZIL0.3, CZIL0.5 and CZIL0.8), with <em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> values of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8; (3) a dynamic canopy-height dependent <em>C<sub>zil</sub></em> (NEWCZIL).</p> <p>Plain Language Summary for this paper:<br> Over recent decades, the frequent occurrence of heavy precipitation events has caused devastating ecological and socioeconomic impacts, such as agriculture losses, infrastructure damage, and casualties. High-resolution atmospheric modeling at a convection-permitting grid spacing (≤4 km) provides valuable applications for predicting heavy precipitation. Precipitation can be strongly affected by the energy and moisture exchanges between land surface and atmosphere. However, the representation of land-atmosphere interactions in atmospheric models and the responses of precipitation to land-atmosphere exchange efficiency remain great uncertainties. This study performed 3-km high-resolution atmospheric modeling with a dynamic vegetation-type-dependent land-atmosphere exchange scheme for three typical heavy precipitation events that occurred over areas with different dominant land-cover types. The results showed that land-atmosphere exchange efficiency mainly affected the precipitation intensity as well as the onset and peak time of precipitation. The dynamic exchange scheme modifies the efficiency of land-atmosphere exchanges to match local land cover conditions and could reproduce well the field observations, especially the intensity and location of the heaviest rainfall which usually serve as the most concerned variable in a major rainstorm event. Our findings show that the dynamical scheme could help achieve more accurate precipitation simulations.</p>
CMIP6 data for the analysis in the article "Storylines of Maritime Continent dry period precipitation changes under global warming"
<p>The files include the data required to generate the figures based on CMIP6 model simulation outputs</p>
Supporting CESM1-SOM Output for "Regional Precipitation Sensitivity is Sensitive to Changes in Cross-Equatorial Ocean Heat Transport"
<p>Supporting CESM1-SOM experiment output.</p>
Changes of the annual and seasonal extreme precipitations over Southeastern Europe - source datasets
<p>Source files: ERA5 land - highest one day precipitation amount (RX1) for seasons December-January-Februrary (DFJ), March-April-May (MAM), June, July, August (JJA), September-October-November (SON) Mann Kendall trends and p-values calculated from 1961 to 2020 in TXT, Microsoft Excell (XLSX) and ESRI Shapefile format.</p>
Contrasting response of the water use efficiency to precipitation changes between the alpine meadow and alpine steppe over the Tibetan Plateau
<p>The file of AlpineGrassland_GrowingSeason_WUE is dataset of the growing season water use efficiency of alpine grassland over the tibetan plateau during 1982-2014.</p>
Precipitation isotope changes over the East Asian monsoon region driven by sea surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum
<p>This dataset includes speleothem and ice core proxies used for paper [Lan et al., (2023): Precipitation isotope changes over the East Asian monsoon region driven by sea surface temperature during the Last Glacial Maximum].</p>
Data from: Intraspecific variation of a dominant grass and local adaptation in reciprocal garden communities along a US Great Plains’ precipitation gradient: implications for grassland restoration with climate change
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Data and R Markdown files for: Estimating the capacity of Chamaecrista fasciculata for adaptation to change in precipitation
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Data from: Geographical variation in species' population responses to changes in temperature and precipitation
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Data from: Spatial pattern and scale influence invader demographic response to simulated precipitation change in an annual grassland community
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Species responses to changing precipitation depends on trait plasticity rather than trait means and intraspecific variation
<p>1. Trait-based approaches are key to develop mechanistic understanding of differences in plant species performance under environmental change. While mean trait values have been widely used to link functional traits to species performance, the contribution of intraspecific trait variation and trait plasticity remains unclear. Moreover, environmentally induced changes in species biomass is caused by changes in the number of individuals and individual growth rate, both of which should be influenced by trait differences and plasticity. Our goal in this study is to use trait-based information to explain species performance via changes in species abundance and individual weight.</p> <p>2. We measured the mean, intraspecific variation and plasticity of nine aboveground plant traits, and a further three mean root traits of ten common species in a precipitation manipulation experiment in semiarid grassland. We used this trait information to explain differences in the responses of species biomass, abundance and mean individual weight to changing precipitation. Species responses were calculated as the normalized slopes of the regressions between species biomass, abundance and individual weight with the manipulated precipitation amount.</p> <p>3. We found strong differences in species responses to changing precipitation for species biomass, abundance and mean individual weight. Reduced precipitation decreased biomass, abundance and mean individual weight for some species, but increased them for others. Biomass and mean individual weight of species with resource-acquisitive traits, such as shallow rooted species, showed stronger positive responses to changing precipitation compared to resource-conservative traits, like those with deep roots. For aboveground traits, trait plasticity was the strongest predictor of species responses compared to mean traits and intraspecific trait variation. In addition, trait plasticity regulated changes in species biomass more via changes in species abundance than mean individual weight.</p> <p>4. These results indicate that trait plasticity is a key driver for determining species specific responses to changing precipitation and needs more consideration for understanding and predicting ecosystem structure and functioning in future climate scenarios.</p>
Slower changes in vegetation phenology than precipitation seasonality in the dry tropics
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Appendix of "Extreme Precipitation Formation in the south Siberia and Mongolia: Wave Propagation Patterns and zonal Temperature Gradient Changes"
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Data from: The response of root traits to precipitation change of herbaceous species in temperate steppes
1. Plasticity of root traits plays an important role in determining plant growth and survival under changing climate. Shift in precipitation is one of the most pertinent global change factors driving changes in structure and function of grasslands. However, few studies have focused on intra-specific variation of root traits in response to precipitation change under field conditions. 2. We conducted a 10-year simulated increased precipitation experiment in a temperate grassland and a 700-km regional scale transect along a precipitation gradients ranging from 144.23 to 412.29 mm in northern China. The morphological, chemical and anatomical traits of the first two orders roots were measured on 15 common herbaceous species in the manipulation experiment and two regionally common species (Leymus chinensis, Artemisia frigida) along the precipitation gradients. 3. We found that most of the root traits of the herbaceous species exhibited no significant responses to water addition. The two regionally common species adjusted their root traits at sites with the annual precipitation lower than certain value, i.e., 250 mm and 160 mm for L. chinensis and A. frigida, respectively. These results indicate that root traits of the herbaceous species exhibit little plasticity in response to precipitation change, and that the adjustment of root traits occurs when the range of annual precipitation exceeds a certain thresholds. 4. Root traits of L. chinensis and A. frigida varied differently both in manipulation experiment and along the precipitation gradients. Root traits of L. chinensis were relatively constant, while A. frigida adjusted their morphological root traits in response to water addition. Moreover, L. chinensis showed higher specific root length and area, and root N contents at sites with annual precipitation lower than c. 250 mm. In contrast, A. frigida displayed thicker roots with lower specific root length and area at sites with annual precipitation lower than c.160 mm. 5. Our results showed that root traits of herbaceous species in temperate grasslands exhibited little plasticity, and that different species have evolved diverse adaptive strategies in response to precipitation change. These novel findings may provide valuable information to predict responses of temperate grasslands to future climate change.
Data from: Nitrogen deposition magnifies the sensitivity of desert steppe plant communities to large changes in precipitation
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Data from: The response of root traits to precipitation change of herbaceous species in temperate steppes
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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