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Figure 13 in Some new species records of the predatory mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from The Netherlands
Figure 13. Metaseiulus (Metaseiulus) smithi (Schuster) (Female): (A) Idiosoma, dorsal view; (B) Idiosoma, ventral view; (C) Spermathecae; (D) Chelicera; (E) Leg IV.
Figure 3 in Some new species records of the predatory mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from The Netherlands
Figure 3. Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) (Female): (A) Idiosoma, dorsal view; (B) Idiosoma, ventral view; (C) Chelicera; (D) Spermatheca; E – Leg IV.
Figure 2 in Some new species records of the predatory mite family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from The Netherlands
Figure 2. Kampimodromus langei Wainstein & Arutunjan (Female): (A) Idiosoma, dorsal view; (B) Idiosoma, ventral view; (C) Spermathecae; (D) Chelicera; (E) Leg IV.
Data from: field evaluation: the effect of two transgenic Bt maize events on predatory arthropods in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China
<p>To illustrate the impact of genetically modified (GM) Bt maize on the natural enemy communities in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region in China, the abundance of seven common predator groups (<em>Geocoris pallidipennis</em>, <em>Harmonia axyridis</em>, lacewings, <em>Orius sauteri</em>, <em>Propylea japonica</em>, spiders, Staphylinidae) was quantitatively evaluated by planting Bt-Cry1Ab DBN9936 and Bt-Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj Ruifeng 125 events during the growing season from 2016 to 2019. A total of 11,172- 13,739 predators were observed in each varieties during four years, and the abundance of each groups on Bt maize varied between sample dates and among those enemy taxons. The shannon-Wiener diversity index from seven groups showed very similar temporal dynamics and there were not significant differences in Bt and non-Bt maize, showing that Bt maize did not disrupt the stability of predator enemy aggregation in the field. Spiders, <em>H. axyridis</em>, <em>P. japonica</em>, Lacewing, <em>O. sauteri</em> with positive taxon weights after using principal response curve (PRC) method, indicated that Bt maize had a positive effect on the abundances of individual taxa. All this indicating that the two Bt maize hybrids did not adversely affect predator community in the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize-growing region of China.</p>
Figure 2 in Assessing predation parameters of the predatory mite Typhlodromus bagdasarjani (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on different host plants
Figure 2. Age-stage-specific predation rate (cxj) of predatory mite Typhlodromus bagdasarjani fed on immature stages of Tetranychus urticae on different host plants.
Figure 1 in Assessing predation parameters of the predatory mite Typhlodromus bagdasarjani (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on different host plants
Figure 1. The age-specific survival rate (lx), age-specific predation rate (kx), age-specific net predation rate (qx) of predatory mite Typhlodromus bagdasarjani fed on immature stages of Tetranychus urticae reared on different host plants.
Fig. 5 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 5. Phylogeny based on the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of 80 litostomatean taxa and two armophoreans serving as outgroup (CON-lit alignment). Posterior probabilities for the Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the 50%-majority rule Bayesian consensus tree. Note that monophyly of the family Lacrymariidae is moderately to strongly statistically supported. Sequences in bold face were obtained during this study. The scale bar indicates five substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions. For GenBank accession numbers, see Supplementary Table S3.
Fig. 4 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 4. Phialina pupula in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). (A) Detail of the anterior body half. The head is localized at the anterior body end and is attached directly to the trunk, as typical of the genus Phialina. The head is covered by very narrowly spaced cilia arranged in helically extending rows. Note that the cortex of the trunk is distinctly furrowed by slightly helically extending ciliary rows. According to protargol preparations, each somatic ciliary row has two to five brush dikinetids at its anterior end (see Fig. 2E). SEM observations show that the anterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears a minute to short cilium or is unciliated, while the posterior basal body bears an ordinary somatic cilium. Therefore, the brush is very difficult to recognize in the SEM and in vivo. (B) Detail of the anterior end of somatic ciliary rows, showing that the anterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears a short cilium (arrowheads) or is unciliated. The posterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears an ordinary somatic cilium. Such an inconspicuous brush is a typical feature of lacrymariids and also of the possibly related chaeneids. (C) Detail of a somatic ciliary row, showing a dikinetid (dividing basal bodies) followed by monokinetids that bear ordinary cilia. As typical for haptorians, the anterior cilium of dividing basal bodies is short and stump-like while the posterior cilium is ordinarily long. AC – anterior stump-like cilium of dividing basal bodies; G – tips of cortical granules; H – head; HC – head cilia; SC – somatic cilia; T – trunk.
Fig. 2. A–F in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 2. A–F. Phialina pupula from life (A‒D, F) and after protargol impregnation (E). (A) Overview of a representative semi-contracted specimen. (B) Details of dumbbell-shaped inclusions from various views. (C) Extrusomes are rod-shaped and about 10 µm long. (D) Surface view showing cortical granulation. (E) Ciliary pattern. (F) Variability of body shape in extended, semi-contracted and contracted cells. CK – circumoral kinety; CV – contractile vacuole; DB – dorsal brush; DI – dumbbell-shaped inclusions; EB – extrusome bundle; EX – extrusomes; G – cortical granules; OB – oral bulge; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; SK – somatic kineties. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Fig. 1. A–C in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 1. A–C. Schematic diagrams of general body organization of Lacrymaria (A), Phialina (B) and Phialinides (C). Based on Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis 1986 (A, B) and Foissner 1988 (C). (A) Lacrymaria is characterized by a long, flexible and highly contractile neck, arising from the trunk and carrying the head. (B) Phialina does not have a distinct neck, and the head is thus attached directly to the trunk. (C) Phialinides differs from Phialina only by having a monokinetidal circle (paratene) between the head kineties and the dorsal brush (arrows). CK – circumoral kinety; CV – contractile vacuole; DB – dorsal brush; EX – extrusomes; H – head; HC – head kineties; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; N – neck; SK – somatic kineties; T – trunk.
Fig. 3 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 3. Phialina pupula from life under differential interference contrast (A–G) and bright field (H–M) illumination. (A) Overview of a semi-contracted specimen, showing the general body organization. The head is attached directly to the broadly fusiform trunk. Note that the contractile vacuole is located terminally due to the body contraction. The macronucleus is elliptical and situated slightly below the midbody. (B) Detail of the highly refractive dumbbell-shaped inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm. (C) A semi-contracted specimen, showing an accumulation of the dumbbell-shaped inclusions in the anterior body half. (D) Detail of the nuclear apparatus. The macronucleus is elliptical, and the micronucleus is attached to the anterior pole of the macronucleus. (E) A contracted specimen, showing many refractive, dumbbell-shaped inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm and an elliptical macronucleus accompanied by a single micronucleus. (F) A strongly squeezed specimen, showing the nuclear apparatus, multiple extrusome bundles and some lipid droplets scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Left inset shows optical section through the cortex (opposed arrowhead), containing inconspicuous elliptical granules. (G) Detail of a cytoplasmic rod-shaped extrusome. (H, J) Fusiform, slightly curved cells with narrowly rounded posterior body end. (I) A cylindrical cell. (K) An extended, fusiform exemplar with tail-like posterior end. (L) A sigmoid cell with narrowly rounded ends. (M) A semi-contracted, pyriform specimen with broadly rounded posterior body end. CV – contractile vacuole; DI – dumbbell-shaped inclusions; EB – extrusome bundles; EX – extrusomes; G – cortical granules; H – head; LD – lipid droplets; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; OB – oral bulge; T – trunk. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Fig. 6 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 6. Phylogeny based on the 18S rRNA gene of 22 taxa from the family Lacrymariidae (18S-lac1 alignment). Note that the genus Phialina is paraphyletic and contains the polyphyletic genus Lacrymaria. Posterior probabilities for the Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the 50%-majority rule ML tree. Sequences in bold were obtained during this study. The scale bar indicates nine substitutions per one thousand nucleotide positions.
Fig. 1 in Efficiency Against The Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae And Prey-Age-Related Choice Of Three Predatory Mites
Fig. 1. Number of adult spider mites surviving in the presence of predatory mites at different predator densities. Light grey boxes represent treatments with low predator densities, dark grey boxes represent treatments with high predator densities. Boxes show the median and the 25–75 percentiles; dashed lines indicate the range
Temperature and nutrient availability alter consequences of phenological shifts in predatory-prey communities
<p>While there is mounting evidence indicating that the relative timing of predator and prey phenologies shapes the outcome of trophic interactions, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of how important the environmental context (e.g. abiotic conditions) is for shaping this relationship. Environmental conditions not only frequently drive shifts in phenologies, but they can also affect the very same processes that mediate the effects of phenological shifts on species interactions. Thus, identifying how environmental conditions shape the effects of phenological shifts is key to predict community dynamics across a heterogenous landscape and how they will change with ongoing climate change in the future. Here I tested how environmental conditions shape effects of phenological shifts by experimentally manipulating temperature, nutrient availability, and relative phenologies in two predator-prey freshwater systems (mole salamander- bronze frog vs dragonfly larvae-leopard frog). This allowed me to (1) isolate the effect of phenological shifts and different environmental conditions, (2) determine how they interact, and (3) how consistent these patterns are across different species and environments. I found that delaying prey arrival dramatically increased predation rates, but these effects were contingent on environmental conditions and predator system. While both nutrient addition and warming significantly enhanced the effect of arrival time, their effect was qualitatively different: Nutrient addition enhanced the positive effect of early arrival while warming enhanced the negative effect of arriving late. Predator responses varied qualitatively across predator-prey systems. Only in the system with strong gape-limitation were predators (salamanders) significantly affected by prey arrival time and this effect varied with environmental context. Correlations between predator and prey demographic rates suggest that this was driven by shifts in initial predator-prey size ratios and a positive feedback between size-specific predation rates and predator growth rates. These results highlight the importance of accounting for temporal and spatial correlation of local environmental conditions and gape-limitation in predator-prey systems when predicting the effects of phenological shifts and climate change on predator-prey systems.</p>
Figure 4 in A new genus of predatory midge in the Monohelea complex from Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Figure 4. Schizohelea baltica (Szadziewski, 1988), comb. nov., female MAIG 5624. A) Total habitus. B) Head. C) Distal tarsomeres and claws of hind legs.
Figure 3 in A new genus of predatory midge in the Monohelea complex from Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Figure 3. Male genitalia of genera in the Monohelea complex. A) Aedeagus of Allohelea israelensis Szadziewski and Alwin-Kownacka, 2016 in Alwin-Kownacka et al. (2016), redrawn from Alwin-Kownacka et al. (2016). B) Aedeagus of Isthmohelea disjuncta Ingram and Macfie, 1931, redrawn from Wirth and Grogan (1988). C) Aedeagus of Monohelea mediterranea Szadziewski et al., 2020, redrawn and modified from Szadziewski et al. (2020). D) Aedeagus of Austrohelea shannoni (Wirth and Blanton, 1972), redrawn and modified from Ronderos et al. (2017). E) Aedeagus of Downeshelea stonei (Wirth, 1953), redrawn from Wirth and Grogan (1988). F) Aedeagus of Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), extant male from Norway, coll. MAIG. G) Aedeagus of Monogedania clunipes (Loew, 1850), MAIG 3391. H) Dorsal aspect of male genitalia of Monogedania clunipes (Loew, 1850), redrawn from Szadziewski (1988).
Figure 2 in A new genus of predatory midge in the Monohelea complex from Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Figure 2. Male of Monogedania clunipes. A) Lateral aspect, MAIG 6010. B) Head and antenna, MAIG 5621. C) Hind tarsi, MAIG 6010. D) Abdomen with inverted genitalia, MAIG 5621. E–F) Lateral views of genitalia, photograph (E), illustration (F), MAIG 6694. Abbreviations: aed–aedeagus, gst–gonostylus, gx–gonocoxite, par– parameres, st 9–sternite 9, tg 9–tergite 9,?–penis.
Figure 1 in A new genus of predatory midge in the Monohelea complex from Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Figure 1. Monogedania clunipes (Loew, 1850). A) Male, from collection of Artur Michalski. B) Female, MAIG 2109.
Fig. 5 in Infection Of Predatory Fish With Larvae Of Eustrongylides Excisus (Nematoda, Dioctophymatidae) In The Delta Of The Dnipro River And The Dnipro-Buh Estuary In Southern Ukraine
Fig. 5. Anterior end of the body of E. еxcisus larva from pike. Arrows show two circles of papillae. x400 magniFIcatoin.
Fig. 1 in Helminths Of Wild Predatory Mammals Of Ukraine. Nematodes
Fig. 1. Structure of nematode communities in carnivorans of the family Canidae in Ukraine (based on original data). A — red fox; B — wolf; C — raccoon dog. Toxe — Toxascaris leonina; Unst — Uncinaria stenocerhala; Toca — Toxocara canis; Pepl — Pearsonema plica; Euae — Eucoleus aeropilus; Paff — Pterygodermatites affinis; Trvu — Trichuris vulpis; Mopa — Molineus patens; Crvu — Crenosoma vulpis; Casp — Capillaria sp.; Ster — Strongyliodes erschowi; Spar — Spirocerca artica; Splu — S. lupi; Trsp — Trichinella cf. spiralis; Aopu — Aonchotheca putorii; Syag — Sy. agraria; Heum — Heligmosomum sp.; Anca — Ancylostoma caninum.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.