Fig. 4 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)

Fig. 4. Phialina pupula in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). (A) Detail of the anterior body half. The head is localized at the anterior body end and is attached directly to the trunk, as typical of the genus Phialina. The head is covered by very narrowly spaced cilia arranged in helically extending rows. Note that the cortex of the trunk is distinctly furrowed by slightly helically extending ciliary rows. According to protargol preparations, each somatic ciliary row has two to five brush dikinetids at its anterior end (see Fig. 2E). SEM observations show that the anterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears a minute to short cilium or is unciliated, while the posterior basal body bears an ordinary somatic cilium. Therefore, the brush is very difficult to recognize in the SEM and in vivo. (B) Detail of the anterior end of somatic ciliary rows, showing that the anterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears a short cilium (arrowheads) or is unciliated. The posterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears an ordinary somatic cilium. Such an inconspicuous brush is a typical feature of lacrymariids and also of the possibly related chaeneids. (C) Detail of a somatic ciliary row, showing a dikinetid (dividing basal bodies) followed by monokinetids that bear ordinary cilia. As typical for haptorians, the anterior cilium of dividing basal bodies is short and stump-like while the posterior cilium is ordinarily long. AC – anterior stump-like cilium of dividing basal bodies; G – tips of cortical granules; H – head; HC – head cilia; SC – somatic cilia; T – trunk.