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6 results for “Phialina”
Fig. 5 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 5. Phylogeny based on the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of 80 litostomatean taxa and two armophoreans serving as outgroup (CON-lit alignment). Posterior probabilities for the Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the 50%-majority rule Bayesian consensus tree. Note that monophyly of the family Lacrymariidae is moderately to strongly statistically supported. Sequences in bold face were obtained during this study. The scale bar indicates five substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions. For GenBank accession numbers, see Supplementary Table S3.
Fig. 4 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 4. Phialina pupula in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). (A) Detail of the anterior body half. The head is localized at the anterior body end and is attached directly to the trunk, as typical of the genus Phialina. The head is covered by very narrowly spaced cilia arranged in helically extending rows. Note that the cortex of the trunk is distinctly furrowed by slightly helically extending ciliary rows. According to protargol preparations, each somatic ciliary row has two to five brush dikinetids at its anterior end (see Fig. 2E). SEM observations show that the anterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears a minute to short cilium or is unciliated, while the posterior basal body bears an ordinary somatic cilium. Therefore, the brush is very difficult to recognize in the SEM and in vivo. (B) Detail of the anterior end of somatic ciliary rows, showing that the anterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears a short cilium (arrowheads) or is unciliated. The posterior basal body of a brush dikinetid bears an ordinary somatic cilium. Such an inconspicuous brush is a typical feature of lacrymariids and also of the possibly related chaeneids. (C) Detail of a somatic ciliary row, showing a dikinetid (dividing basal bodies) followed by monokinetids that bear ordinary cilia. As typical for haptorians, the anterior cilium of dividing basal bodies is short and stump-like while the posterior cilium is ordinarily long. AC – anterior stump-like cilium of dividing basal bodies; G – tips of cortical granules; H – head; HC – head cilia; SC – somatic cilia; T – trunk.
Fig. 2. A–F in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 2. A–F. Phialina pupula from life (A‒D, F) and after protargol impregnation (E). (A) Overview of a representative semi-contracted specimen. (B) Details of dumbbell-shaped inclusions from various views. (C) Extrusomes are rod-shaped and about 10 µm long. (D) Surface view showing cortical granulation. (E) Ciliary pattern. (F) Variability of body shape in extended, semi-contracted and contracted cells. CK – circumoral kinety; CV – contractile vacuole; DB – dorsal brush; DI – dumbbell-shaped inclusions; EB – extrusome bundle; EX – extrusomes; G – cortical granules; OB – oral bulge; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; SK – somatic kineties. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Fig. 1. A–C in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 1. A–C. Schematic diagrams of general body organization of Lacrymaria (A), Phialina (B) and Phialinides (C). Based on Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis 1986 (A, B) and Foissner 1988 (C). (A) Lacrymaria is characterized by a long, flexible and highly contractile neck, arising from the trunk and carrying the head. (B) Phialina does not have a distinct neck, and the head is thus attached directly to the trunk. (C) Phialinides differs from Phialina only by having a monokinetidal circle (paratene) between the head kineties and the dorsal brush (arrows). CK – circumoral kinety; CV – contractile vacuole; DB – dorsal brush; EX – extrusomes; H – head; HC – head kineties; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; N – neck; SK – somatic kineties; T – trunk.
Fig. 3 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 3. Phialina pupula from life under differential interference contrast (A–G) and bright field (H–M) illumination. (A) Overview of a semi-contracted specimen, showing the general body organization. The head is attached directly to the broadly fusiform trunk. Note that the contractile vacuole is located terminally due to the body contraction. The macronucleus is elliptical and situated slightly below the midbody. (B) Detail of the highly refractive dumbbell-shaped inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm. (C) A semi-contracted specimen, showing an accumulation of the dumbbell-shaped inclusions in the anterior body half. (D) Detail of the nuclear apparatus. The macronucleus is elliptical, and the micronucleus is attached to the anterior pole of the macronucleus. (E) A contracted specimen, showing many refractive, dumbbell-shaped inclusions scattered throughout the cytoplasm and an elliptical macronucleus accompanied by a single micronucleus. (F) A strongly squeezed specimen, showing the nuclear apparatus, multiple extrusome bundles and some lipid droplets scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Left inset shows optical section through the cortex (opposed arrowhead), containing inconspicuous elliptical granules. (G) Detail of a cytoplasmic rod-shaped extrusome. (H, J) Fusiform, slightly curved cells with narrowly rounded posterior body end. (I) A cylindrical cell. (K) An extended, fusiform exemplar with tail-like posterior end. (L) A sigmoid cell with narrowly rounded ends. (M) A semi-contracted, pyriform specimen with broadly rounded posterior body end. CV – contractile vacuole; DI – dumbbell-shaped inclusions; EB – extrusome bundles; EX – extrusomes; G – cortical granules; H – head; LD – lipid droplets; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; OB – oral bulge; T – trunk. Scale bars: 20 μm.
Fig. 6 in Morpho-molecular Characterization of the Litostomatean Predatory Ciliate Phialina pupula (Müller, 1773) Foissner, 1983 (Haptoria, Lacrymariidae)
Fig. 6. Phylogeny based on the 18S rRNA gene of 22 taxa from the family Lacrymariidae (18S-lac1 alignment). Note that the genus Phialina is paraphyletic and contains the polyphyletic genus Lacrymaria. Posterior probabilities for the Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the 50%-majority rule ML tree. Sequences in bold were obtained during this study. The scale bar indicates nine substitutions per one thousand nucleotide positions.
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