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176 results for “qtl”
Root penetration index 3, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with root system penetrability in Arabidopsis.
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R/QTL datasets for fusiform rust resistance QTL mapping
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Data from: QTL mapping genotype and phenotype data, Vanilla x MCM5001
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Data from: QTG-Finder2: a generalized machine-learning algorithm for prioritizing QTL causal genes in plants
Linkage mapping has been widely used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) in many plants and usually requires a time-consuming and labor-intensive fine mapping process to find the causal gene underlying the QTL. Previously, we described QTG-Finder, a machine-learning algorithm to rationally prioritize candidate causal genes in QTLs. While it showed good performance, QTG-Finder could only be used in Arabidopsis and rice because of the limited number of known causal genes in other species. Here we tested the feasibility of enabling QTG-Finder to work on species that have few or no known causal genes by using orthologs of known causal genes as training set. The model trained with orthologs could recall about 64% of Arabidopsis and 83% of rice causal genes when the top 20% ranked genes were considered, which is similar to the performance of models trained with known causal genes. The average precision was 0.027 for Arabidopsis and 0.029 for rice. We further extended the algorithm to include polymorphisms in conserved non-coding sequences and gene presence/absence variation as additional features. Using this algorithm, QTG-Finder2, we trained and cross-validated Sorghum bicolor and Setaria viridis models. The S. bicolor model was validated by causal genes curated from the literature and could recall 70% of causal genes when the top 20% ranked genes were considered. In addition, we applied the S. viridis model and public transcriptome data to prioritize a plant height QTL and identified 13 candidate genes. QTL-Finder2 can accelerate the discovery of causal genes in any plant species and facilitate agricultural trait improvement.
QTL mapping and marker development for tolerance to sulfur phytotoxicity in melon (Cucumis Melo)
<p><span>Elemental sulfur is an effective, inexpensive fungicide for many foliar pathogens, but severe phytotoxicity prohibits its use on many melon varieties. Sulfur phytotoxicity causes chlorosis and necrosis of leaf tissue, leading to plant death in the most sensitive lines, while other varieties have little to no damage. A high-density, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-based genetic map of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population segregating for sulfur tolerance was used for a quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping study of sulfur phytotoxicity in melon. One major (qSulf-1) and two minor (qSulf-8 and qSulf-12) QTL were associated with sulfur tolerance in the population. <a name="_Hlk40443716">The development of Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers developed across qSulf-1 decreased the QTL interval from 239 kb (cotyledons) and 157 kb (leaves) to 97 kb (both tissues). </a>The markers were validated for linkage to sulfur tolerance in a set of melon cultivars. These KASP markers can be incorporated into melon breeding programs for introgression of sulfur tolerance into elite melon germplasm.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
QTL × environment interactions underlie adaptive divergence in switchgrass across a large latitudinal gradient
Local adaptation is the process by which natural selection drives adaptive phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. Theory suggests that local adaptation results from genetic trade-offs at individual genetic loci, where adaptation to one set of environmental conditions results in a cost to fitness in alternative environments. However, the degree to which there are costs associated with local adaptation is poorly understood because most of these experiments rely on two-site reciprocal transplant experiments. Here, we quantify the benefits and costs of locally adaptive loci across 17° of latitude in a four-grandparent outbred mapping population in outcrossing switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.), an emerging biofuel crop and dominant tallgrass species. We conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping across 10 sites, ranging from Texas to South Dakota. This analysis revealed that beneficial biomass (fitness) QTL generally incur minimal costs when transplanted to other field sites distributed over a large climatic gradient over the 2 y of our study. Therefore, locally advantageous alleles could potentially be combined across multiple loci through breeding to create high-yielding regionally adapted cultivars.
Data from: Connecting thermal performance curve variation to the genotype: a multivariate QTL approach
Thermal performance curves (TPCs) are continuous reaction norms that describe the relationship between organismal performance and temperature and are useful for understanding trade-offs involved in thermal adaptation. While thermal trade-offs such as those between generalists and specialists or between hot- and cold-adapted phenotypes are known to be genetically variable and evolve during thermal adaptation, little is known of the genetic basis to TPCs – specifically, the loci involved and the directionality of their effects across different temperatures. To address this, we took a multivariate approach, mapping QTL for locomotor activity TPCs in the fly, Drosophila serrata using a panel of 76 recombinant inbred lines. The distribution of additive genetic (co)variance in the mapping population was remarkably similar to the distribution of mutational (co)variance for these traits. We detected 11 TPC-QTLs in females and 4 in males. Multivariate QTL effects were closely aligned with the major axes genetic (co)variation between temperatures; most QTL effects corresponded to variation for either overall increases or decreases in activity with a smaller number indicating possible trade-offs between activity at high and low temperatures. QTLs representing changes in curve shape such as the 'generalist-specialist' trade-off, thought key to thermal adaptation, were poorly represented in the data. We discuss these results in light of genetic constraints on thermal adaptation.
Data from: QTL mapping identifies candidate alleles involved in adaptive introgression and range expansion in a wild sunflower
The wild North American sunflowers Helianthus annuus and H. debilis are participants in one of the earliest identified examples of adaptive trait introgression, and the exchange is hypothesized to have triggered a range expansion in H. annuus. However, the genetic basis of the adaptive exchange has not been examined. Here, we combine quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with field measurements of fitness to identify candidate H. debilis QTL alleles likely to have introgressed into H. annuus to form the natural hybrid lineage H. a. texanus. Two 500-individual BC1 mapping populations were grown in central Texas, genotyped for 384 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and then phenotyped in the field for two fitness and 22 herbivore resistance, ecophysiological, phenological and architectural traits. We identified a total of 110 QTL, including at least one QTL for 22 of the 24 traits. Over 75% of traits exhibited at least one H. debilis QTL allele that would shift the trait in the direction of the wild hybrid H. a. texanus. We identified three chromosomal regions where H. debilis alleles increased both female and male components of fitness; these regions are expected to be strongly favoured in the wild. QTL for a number of other ecophysiological, phenological and architectural traits colocalized with these three regions and are candidates for the actual traits driving adaptive shifts. G × E interactions played a modest role, with 17% of the QTL showing potentially divergent phenotypic effects between the two field sites. The candidate adaptive chromosomal regions identified here serve as explicit hypotheses for how the genetic architecture of the hybrid lineage came into existence.
Construction of genetic linkage map based on SNP markers, QTL mapping and detection of candidate genes of growth-related traits in Pacific abalone using genotyping-by-sequencing
<p><a name="_Hlk72585736"><span>Pacific abalone (<i>Haliotis discus hannai</i>) is a commercially important high valued molluscan species. Its wild population has decreased in recent years. Pacific abalone is widely cultured in Korea. Traditional breeding programs have been implemented for hatchery production of abalone seeds. To obtain more genetic information for the molecular breeding program, a high-density linkage map and quantitative trait locus (QTL) for three growth-related traits was constructed for Pacific abalone. F1 cross population with two parents were sampled to construct the linkage map using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). A total of 664,630,534 clean reads and 56,686 SNPs were generated. In sum, 3,345 segregating SNPs were used to construct a consensus linkage map. The map spanned 1,747.023 cM with 18 linkage groups and an average interval of 0.55 cM. QTL analysis revealed two significant QTL in LG10 on the consensus linkage map in each growth-related trait. Both the QTLs are located in the telomere region of the chromosome. Moreover, four potential candidate genes for growth-related traits were identified in the QTL region. Expression analysis revealed that identified genes are involved in growth regulation of abalone. The newly constructed genetic linkage map, growth-related QTLs and potential candidate genes identified in the present study can be used as valuable genetic resources and will be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of Pacific abalone in molecular breeding program.</span></a></p>
Data from: Effect of epistasis and environment on flowering time of barley reveals novel flowering-delaying QTL allele
Flowering time is a complex trait and has key role in crop yield and adaptation to environmental stressors such as heat and drought. The aim of this study was to better understand interconnected dynamic of epistasis and environment and look for novel regulators. For this purpose we investigated 534 spring barley MAGIC DH lines for flowering time at various environments. Analysis of QTL, epistatic interaction, QTL × environment (Q×E) and epistasis × environment (E×E) interactions were performed with single SNP and haplotype approaches. In total, 18 QTL and 2,420 epistatic interactions were detected including intervals harboring major genes such as Ppd-H1, Vrn-H1, Vrn-H3 and denso/swd1. Epistatic interactions found in field and semi-controlled conditions were distinctive. Q×E and E×E interactions revealed that temperature influenced flowering time by triggering different interactions between known and newly-detected regulators. A novel flowering-delaying QTL allele could be identified on chromosome 1H (named "HvHeading") that was shown to be engaged in epistatic and environment interactions. Results suggest that investigating epistasis, environment and their interactions, rather than only single QTL is an effective approach for detecting novel regulators. We assume that barley can adapt the time of flowering to the environment through alternative routes within the pathway.
Data from: Localizing FST outliers on a QTL map reveals evidence for large genomic regions of reduced gene exchange during speciation-with-gene-flow
Populations that maintain phenotypic divergence in sympatry typically show a mosaic pattern of genomic divergence, requiring a corresponding mosaic of genomic isolation (reduced gene flow). However, mechanisms that could produce the genomic isolation required for divergence-with-gene-flow have barely been explored, apart from the traditional localized effects of selection and reduced recombination near centromeres or inversions. By localizing FST outliers from a genome scan of wild pea aphid host races on a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) map of key traits, we test the hypothesis that between-population recombination and gene exchange are reduced over large 'divergence hitchhiking' (DH) regions. As expected under divergence hitchhiking, our map confirms that QTL and divergent markers cluster together in multiple large genomic regions. Under divergence hitchhiking, the nonoutlier markers within these regions should show signs of reduced gene exchange relative to nonoutlier markers in genomic regions where ongoing gene flow is expected. We use this predicted difference among nonoutliers to perform a critical test of divergence hitchhiking. Results show that nonoutlier markers within clusters of FST outliers and QTL resolve the genetic population structure of the two host races nearly as well as the outliers themselves, while nonoutliers outside DH regions reveal no population structure, as expected if they experience more gene flow. These results provide clear evidence for divergence hitchhiking, a mechanism that may dramatically facilitate the process of speciation-with-gene-flow. They also show the power of integrating genome scans with genetic analyses of the phenotypic traits involved in local adaptation and population divergence.
Data from: Positional cloning of rp2 QTL associates the P450 genes CYP6Z1, CYP6Z3 and CYP6M7 with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus
Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus is threatening malaria control in Africa. Elucidation of underlying resistance mechanisms is crucial to improve the success of future control programs. A positional cloning approach was used to identify genes conferring resistance in the uncharacterised rp2 QTL previously detected in this vector using F6 Advanced Intercross Lines (AIL). A 113 kb BAC clone spanning rp2 was identified and sequenced revealing a cluster of fifteen P450 genes and one salivary protein gene (SG7-2). Contrary to An. gambiae, AfCYP6M1 is triplicated in An. funestus while AgCYP6Z2 ortholog is absent. 565 new SNPs were identified for genetic mapping from rp2 P450s and other genes revealing high genetic polymorphisms with 1 SNP every 36bp. A significant genotype/phenotype association was detected for rp2 P450s but not for a cluster of cuticular protein genes previously associated with resistance in An. gambiae. QTL mapping using F6 AIL confirms the rp2 QTL with an increase logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 5. Multiplex gene expression profiling of 15 P450s and other genes around rp2 followed by individual validation using qRT-PCR indicated a significant over-expression in the resistant FUMOZ-R strain of the P450s AfCYP6Z1, AfCYP6Z3, AfCYP6M7 and the glutathione-s-transferase GSTe2 with respective fold-change of 11.2, 6.3, 5.5 and 2.8. Polymorphisms analysis of AfCYP6Z1 and AfCYP6Z3 identified amino acid changes potentially associated with resistance further indicating that these genes are controlling the pyrethroid resistance explained by the rp2 QTL. The characterisation of this rp2 QTL significantly improves our understanding of resistance mechanisms in An. funestus.
SNP alleles for pooled DNA samples of Vicia villosa targeting QTL for pod dehiscence and seed dormancy
<p>Hairy vetch (<em>Vicia villosa </em>Roth) is a promising legume cover crop, but its use is limited by high rates of pod dehiscence and seed dormancy. We used phenotypically contrasting pooled DNA samples (n=24 with 29-74 individuals per sample) from an ongoing cover crop breeding program across four environments (site-year combinations: Maryland 2020, Maryland 2022, Wisconsin 2021, Wisconsin 2022) to find genetic associations and genomic prediction accuracies for pod dehiscence and seed dormancy. We also combined pooled DNA sample genetic association results with the results of a prior genome-wide association study. Genomic prediction resulted in positive predictive abilities for both traits between environments and with an independent dataset (0.34-0.50), but reduced predictive ability for DNA pools with divergent seed dormancy in the Maryland environments (0.07-0.15). The pooled DNA samples found six significant (false discovery rate q-value<0.01) quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed dormancy and four significant QTL for pod dehiscence. Unfortunately, the minor alleles of the pod dehiscence QTL increased the rate of pod dehiscence and are not useful for marker-assisted selection. When combined with a prior association study, sixteen seed dormancy QTL and zero pod dehiscence QTL were significant. Combining the association studies did not increase the detection of useful QTL.</p>
Barcoded Bulk QTL mapping reveals highly polygenic and epistatic architecture of complex traits in yeast
<p>Mapping the genetic basis of complex traits is critical to uncovering the biological mechanisms that underlie disease and other phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in humans and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in model organisms can now explain much of the observed heritability in many traits, allowing us to predict phenotype from genotype. However, constraints on power due to statistical confounders in large GWAS and smaller sample sizes in QTL studies still limit our ability to resolve numerous small-effect variants, map them to causal genes, identify pleiotropic effects across multiple traits, and infer non-additive interactions between loci (epistasis). Here, we introduce barcoded bulk quantitative trait locus (BB-QTL) mapping, which allows us to construct, genotype, and phenotype 100,000 offspring of a budding yeast cross, two orders of magnitude larger than the previous state of the art. We use this panel to map the genetic basis of eighteen complex traits, finding that the genetic architecture of these traits involves hundreds of small-effect loci densely spaced throughout the genome, many with widespread pleiotropic effects across multiple traits. Epistasis plays a central role, with thousands of interactions that provide insight into genetic networks. By dramatically increasing sample size, BB-QTL mapping demonstrates the potential of natural variants in high-powered QTL studies to reveal the highly polygenic, pleiotropic, and epistatic architecture of complex traits.</p>
Chromatin accessibility QTL lead variants in macrophages stimulated with IFNg and Salmonella
<p>Lead caQTL variants from RASQUAL and FastQTL analyses.</p>
Power study results files for manuscript "Testing pleiotropy vs. separate QTL in multiparental populations"
<p>Results files for power study in manuscript "Testing pleiotropy vs. separate QTL in multiparental populations" by F Boehm, E Chesler, B Yandell, and K Broman.</p>
Joint analysis of GWAS and multi-omics QTL summary statistics reveals a large fraction of GWAS signals shared with molecular phenotypes
<p>Data relevant to Wu et al. "Joint analysis of GWAS and multi-omics QTL summary statistics reveals a large fraction of GWAS signals shared with molecular phenotypes". </p>
Data from: Multiple QTL underlie milk phenotypes at the CSF2RB locus
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Barcoded Bulk QTL mapping reveals highly polygenic and epistatic architecture of complex traits in yeast
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Data from: Genetic basis of adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana: local adaptation at the seed dormancy QTL DOG1
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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