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371 results for “race”
Data from: Urban rat races: spatial population genomics of brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) compared across multiple cities
Urbanization often substantially influences animal movement and gene flow. However, few studies to date have examined gene flow of the same species across multiple cities. In this study, we examine brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) to test hypotheses about the repeatability of neutral evolution across four cities: Salvador, Brazil; New Orleans, USA; Vancouver, Canada; New York City, USA. At least 150 rats were sampled from each city and genotyped for a minimum of 15,000 genome-wide SNPs. Levels of genome-wide diversity were similar across cities, but varied across neighborhoods within cities. All four populations exhibited high spatial autocorrelation at the shortest distance classes (< 500 m) due to limited dispersal. Coancestry and evolutionary clustering analyses identified genetic discontinuities within each city that coincided with a resource desert in New York City, major waterways in New Orleans, and roads in Salvador and Vancouver. Such replicated studies are crucial to assessing the generality of predictions from urban evolution, and have practical applications for pest management and public health. Future studies should include a range of global cities in different biomes, incorporate multiple species, and examine the impact of specific characteristics of the built environment and human socioeconomics on gene flow.
pain-sex-race: First release
<p>Datasets (analysis set, not raw data) and random forest analysis scripts (R) of predictors of pain sensitivity and pain beliefs in black and white, and male and female healthy young adults in South Africa.</p>
CNBI EPFL Brain Tweakers Cybathlon BCI race dataset
<p>This dataset contains training and competition EEG data (GDF format) and application log files for the two pilots of the Brain Tweakers team in the Cybathlon BCI race event. The Cybathlon is the first international competition for bionic technologies. It was held in Zurich, Switzerland in October 2016 and encompassed the BCI race event, where 4 disabled contestants were driving their avatar by means of 3 mental commands towards the finish line of a race track. Pilot MA25VE was the winner of the competition and pilot AN14VE the recordman.</p> <p>More information on the event can be found at: http://www.cybathlon.ethz.ch/</p> <p>All EEG data were recorded with a gTec gUSBamp 16-channel system at 512 Hz on scalp locations (10-20 system, in order): Fz,FC3,FC1,FCz,FC2,FC4,C3,C1,Cz,C2,C4,CP3,CP1,CPz,CP2,CP4. The brain-computer interface used was a motor-imagery BCI. This dataset will be linked to a publication upon acceptance of the latter.</p> <p>For more information on the dataset, please contact the authors.</p>
Reaching the limit in autonomous racing: Optimal control versus reinforcement learning
<p>A central question in robotics is how to design a control system for an agile mobile robot. This paper studies this question systematically, focusing on a challenging setting: autonomous drone racing. We show that a neural network controller trained with reinforcement learning (RL) outperformed optimal control (OC) methods in this setting. We then investigated which fundamental factors have contributed to the success of RL or have limited OC. Our study indicates that the fundamental advantage of RL over OC is not that it optimizes its objective better but that it optimizes a better objective. OC decomposes the problem into planning and control with an explicit intermediate representation, such as a trajectory, that serves as an interface. This decomposition limits the range of behaviors that can be expressed by the controller, leading to inferior control performance when facing unmodeled effects. In contrast, RL can directly optimize a task-level objective and can leverage domain randomization to cope with model uncertainty, allowing the discovery of more robust control responses. Our findings allowed us to push an agile drone to its maximum performance, achieving a peak acceleration greater than 12 times the gravitational acceleration and a peak velocity of 108 kilometers per hour. Our policy achieved superhuman control within minutes of training on a standard workstation. This work presents a milestone in agile robotics and sheds light on the role of RL and OC in robot control.</p>
Race Horse wood carving file OBJ for CNC
Race Horse Collection The Thoroughbred horse has variations. One has a more fragile physique, the other is more powerful. Total 8 horses. We perform the whole range of works, but mainly specialize in three-CNC sculpture. Second renders in Zbrush with custom material and standart materail Horses bas relief 3D print model ********************************* File Formats: Bas relief Horses is a digital high polygon 3D model (STL, ZTL, JDP and OBJ formats). This 3d model is prepared to physical production by 3d printing, CNC machining, also for making a mold for casting in gypsum, plastic, metal, chocolate etc. Also it can be used for interiour design and vizualizations wood carving file stl OBJ for CNC. The original size of digital bas relief is : 1780x690x30 and can be easily scaled. 3d model can be scaled up or down. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions about the model. Enjoy! I hope you enjoy and will be very useful in your work Thank you! Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Toxic Sentence Classification Dataset with labels of categories such as religion, mental health, race, sex, body image, disability, physical abuse, and politics
<p>The dataset has a collection of various toxic sentences belonging to different categories. It was collected from various sources. It indicates which category each sentence belongs to. The values of the category columns are binary 1 or 0 indicating whether the sentence belongs to that particular category or not. Each sentence belongs to only 1 category. </p> <p> </p> <p>Columns:<br>1.comment_text: Contains toxic sentences that are insensitive and offensive, focusing on various categories.<br>2.mental_health: Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence focuses on mental health.<br>3.Race:Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence is racist.<br>4.sex:Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence focuses on sexuality.<br>5.body_image:Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence focuses on body image.<br>6.disability:Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence focuses on physical disability and related issues.<br>7.religion:Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence can be triggering to people who are extremely religious.<br>8.physical_abuse:Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence focuses on physical abuse issues.<br>9.politics:Binary value 1 indicates that the sentence focuses on political issues.</p>
Repetitive DNA annotation of Cladosporium fulvum Race 5
<p>This dataset consists of repetitive DNA annotation of the genome of <em>Cladosporium fulvum i</em>solate Race 5 (GenBank GCA_020509005.2). Repeats were identified with two versions of RepeatModeler v1.0.11 and v2.0.2. The repeat libraries obtained by both versions are in distinct files: RM1_lib.fasta and RM2_lib.fasta for versions 1 and 2 of RepeatModeler, respectively. The repeat libraries were used to mask the genome of <em>C. fulvum</em> Race 5 using RepeatMasker v4.1.2-p1. The obtained locations of repeats are shown in the GFF files.</p> <p>This dataset is associated with the following publication: A chromosome-scale genome assembly of the tomato pathogen <em>Cladosporium fulvum</em> reveals a compartmentalized genome architecture and the presence of a dispensable chromosome. <em>Microbial Genomics</em>, 2022.</p>
Data from: Common protein-coding variants and the racing phenotype in galloping racehorse breeds
<p>Centuries-long selection for system-wide morphological, physiological, and metabolic adaptations has led to extreme athletic phenotypes among geographically diverse horse breeds. Here, we identify genes contributing to exercise adaptation in racehorses by applying genomics approaches for racing performance, an end-point athletic phenotype. Using an integrative genomics strategy to first combine population genomics results with skeletal muscle exercise and training transcriptomic data, followed by whole-genome resequencing of Asian horses, we identify protein-coding variants in genes of interest in galloping racehorse breeds (Arabian, Mongolian and Thoroughbred). A core set of genes, <em>G6PC2</em>, <em>HDAC9</em>, <em>KTN1</em>, <em>MYLK2</em>, <em>NTM</em>, <em>SLC16A1</em> and <em>SYNDIG1</em>, with central roles in muscle, metabolism, and neurobiology, are key drivers of the racing phenotype. Although racing potential is a multifactorial trait, the genomic architecture shaping the common athletic phenotype in horse populations bred for racing provides evidence for the influence of protein-coding variants in fundamental exercise-relevant genes. Variation in these genes may therefore be exploited for genetic improvement of horse populations towards specific types of racing.</p>
Exponential growth of private coastal infrastructure influenced by geography and race in South Carolina, USA
<p>Homeowners in coastal environments often augment their access to estuarine ecosystems by building private docks on their personal property. Despite the commonality of docks, particularly in the Southeastern United States, few works have investigated their historical development, their distribution across the landscape, or the environmental justice dimensions of this distribution. In this study, we used historic aerial photography to track the abundance and size of docks across six South Carolina counties from the 1950s to 2016. Across our roughly 60-year study period, dock abundance grew by two orders of magnitude, the mean length of newly constructed docks doubled, and the cumulative length of docks ballooned from 34 to 560 km. Additionally, we drew on census data interpolated into consistent 2010 tract boundaries to analyze the racial and economic distribution of docks in 1994, 1999, 2011, and 2016. Racial composition, measured as the percentage of a tract's population that was White, positively correlated with dock abundance in each year. Median household income and dock abundance were only correlated in 2011. Taken together, these metrics indicate the growing desire for direct estuary access, however, that access does not appear to be equally spread across racial groups. Because docks enhance estuarine access and demarcate private property, our study provides longitudinal insights into environmental justice concerns related to disparate private property ownership. We found a persistent correlation between the racial characteristics of an area and dock abundance, strongly indicating that White South Carolinians have had disproportionately greater private water access for the past two decades.</p>
SNP data set of Peruvian highland maize races
<p>Peruvian maize exhibits significant morphological diversity, with landraces cultivated from sea level up to 3,500 meters above sea level. Previous research based on morphological descriptors identified at least 52 Peruvian maize races, but their genetic diversity and population structure remain largely unknown. In this study, we used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to infer the genetic structure and diversity of 423 maize accessions from the Genebank of La Molina National Agrarian University (UNALM). These accessions represent nine races and one sub-race, along with 15 open-pollinated lines (purple corn) and two yellow maize hybrids. We obtained 14,235 high-quality SNPs distributed along the 10 maize chromosomes. Gene diversity ranged from 0.33 (Pachia) to 0.362 (Ancashino), with Cusco showing the lowest inbreeding coefficient (0.205) and Ancashino the highest (0.274) among the landraces. Population divergence (FST) was very low (mean = 0.017), indicating extensive interbreeding among Peruvian maize varieties. Population structure analysis revealed that these 423 distinct genotypes could be grouped into 10 clusters, with some maize races clustering together. Peruvian maize races did not form monophyletic groups; instead, our phylogenetic tree identified two clades corresponding to the chronological classification of Peruvian maize races: <em>Anciently Derived or Primary Races</em> (ADPR) and <em>Lately Derived or Secondary Races</em> (LDSR). These clades also align with the geographic origins of the maize races, reflecting their mixed evolutionary backgrounds. Further investigation of Peruvian maize germplasm using modern technologies is essential to enhance their use in breeding programs, particularly in the Andean region of Peru.</p>
Data from de Vega et al_Flora "Host-driven phenotypic and phenological differentiation in sympatric races of a parasitic plant" [Dataset]
<p>Data from de Vega et al_Flora "Host-driven phenotypic and phenological differentiation in sympatric races of a parasitic plant"</p>
Data from: Standing geographic variation in eclosion time and the genomics of host race formation in Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies
Taxa harboring high levels of standing variation may be more likely to adapt to rapid environmental shifts and experience ecological speciation. Here, we characterize geographic and host-related differentiation for 10,241 single nucleotide polymorphisms in Rhagoletis pomonella fruit flies to infer if standing genetic variation in adult eclosion time in the ancestral hawthorn (Crataegus spp.)-infesting host race, as opposed to new mutations, contributed substantially to its recent shift to earlier fruiting apple (Malus domestica). Allele frequency differences associated with early versus late eclosion time within each host race were significantly related to geographic genetic variation and host race differentiation across four sites, arrayed from north to south along a 430 km transect, where the host races co-occur in sympatry in the Midwest USA. Host fruiting phenology is clinal, with both apple and hawthorn trees fruiting earlier in the North and later in the South. Thus, we expected alleles associated with earlier eclosion to be at higher frequencies in northern populations. This pattern was observed in the hawthorn race across all four populations; however, allele frequency patterns in the apple race were more complex. Despite the generally earlier eclosion timing of apple flies and corresponding apple fruiting phenology, alleles on chromosomes 2 and 3 associated with earlier emergence were paradoxically at lower frequency in the apple than hawthorn host race across all four sympatric sites. However, loci on chromosome 1 did show higher frequencies of early eclosion associated alleles in the apple than hawthorn host race at the two southern sites, potentially accounting for their earlier eclosion phenotype. Thus, although extensive clinal genetic variation in the ancestral hawthorn race exists and contributed to the host shift to apple, further study is needed to resolve details of how this standing variation was selected to generate earlier eclosing apple fly populations in the North.
Data for: Polymorphism at the nestling stage and host-specific mimicry in an Australasian cuckoo-host arms race
<p>Decades of research have shown that the coevolutionary arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts can promote phenotypic diversification in hosts and brood parasites. However, relatively little is known about the role of brood parasitism in promoting phenotypic diversification of nestlings. We review field data collected over four decades in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand to assess potential for coevolutionary interactions between the shining bronze-cuckoo (<em>Chalcites lucidus</em>) and its hosts, and how diversification at the nestling stage may be generating different subspecies. The shining bronze-cuckoo is a specialist parasite of a few hosts in the family Acanthizidae. It has diversified into subspecies, of which the nestlings closely mimic the respective host nestlings in each region. Additionally, some cuckoo subspecies have polymorphic nestlings. The Acanthizidae hosts have similar breeding and nesting habits and only moderately effective frontline defences against parasitism at cuckoo egg laying or at the egg stages. However, some hosts have developed highly effective defences at the nestling stage by recognising and ejecting cuckoo nestlings from the nest. As with the cuckoo nestlings, some hosts have polymorphic nestlings. The coevolutionary interactions in each region suggest different evolutionary stages of the arms race in which either the parasite or the host is currently in the lead. The presence of moderately effective defences at the egg laying and egg stages might explain why some hosts do not have defences at the nestling stage. The south-Pacific cuckoo – host systems are excellent models to explore the evolutionary mechanisms driving the diversification at the nestling stage in the coevolutionary arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts.</p>
Conspicuous coloration of toxin-resistant predators implicates additional trophic interactions in a predator-prey arms race
<p>Antagonistic coevolution between natural enemies can produce highly exaggerated traits, such as prey toxins and predator resistance. This reciprocal process of adaptation and counter-adaptation may also open doors to other evolutionary novelties not directly involved in the phenotypic interface of coevolution. We tested the hypothesis that predator-prey coevolution coincided with the evolution of conspicuous coloration on resistant predators that retain prey toxins. In western North America, common garter snakes (<em>Thamnophis sirtalis</em>) have evolved extreme resistance to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the coevolutionary arms race with their deadly prey, Pacific newts (<em>Taricha spp.)</em>. TTX-resistant snakes can retain large amounts of ingested TTX, which could serve as a deterrent against the snakes' own predators if TTX toxicity and resistance are coupled with a conspicuous warning signal. We evaluated whether arms race escalation co-varies with bright red coloration in snake populations across the geographic mosaic of coevolution. Snake color variation departs from the neutral expectations of population genetic structure and co-varies with escalating clines of newt TTX and snake resistance at two coevolutionary hotspots. In the Pacific Northwest, bright red coloration fits an expected pattern of an aposematic warning to avian predators: TTX-resistant snakes that consume highly toxic newts also have relatively large, reddish-orange dorsal blotches. Snake coloration also seems to have evolved with the arms race in California, but overall patterns are less intuitively consistent with aposematism. These results suggest that interactions with additional trophic levels can generate novel traits as a cascading consequence of arms race coevolution across the geographic mosaic.</p>
RACE: Retrieval-Augmented Commit Message Generation
<p>The dataset is used to reproduce our work "RACE: Retrieval-Augmented Commit Message Generation".</p>
GRACE: A Study to Compare the Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability of PREZISTA (Darunavir)/Ritonavir by Gender and Race When Administered With Other Antiretroviral Medications in Human Immunodeficie
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00381303. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 3.
Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in Black Race Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01632241. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 6. Publications: 4.
Study of Asthma Phenotypes and Pharmacogenomic Interactions by Race-Ethnicity (SAPPHIRE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01142947. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Race-Based Stress Trauma and Empowerment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05422638. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Video-feedback Intervention to Promote Racial-Ethnic Socialization Competency (VIP-RACE)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07055906. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 46.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.