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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Table 7 for the Study: "Correlation Study: Triggering and Magnitude of Earthquakes in Italy (≥M4.3) in Relation to the Positions and Gravitational Forces of the Sun, Moon, and Planets Relative to Earth."

Summary graphs for the study: "Correlation Study: Triggering and Magnitude of Earthquakes in Italy (≥M4.3) in Relation to the Positions and Gravitational Forces of the Sun, Moon, and Planets Relative to Earth". Data distributions of the Hypothesis 2, with the R² regression coefficients of the three σFR values and indices (parameters A, B and % Alert Time) of both the 200 earthquakes and the 63 earthquakes after 1988, for Section 3.2.1.The R² regression coefficients of each curve are calculated in the Excel files on the 2 Drives: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/17UGHZlvZ2N-g6TOzgqpIe248_IitBmka8DbGWsv-lKQ/edit?usp=sharing, for the 200 earthquakes.https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Pyd4wZxZrq6G76nM2SwHYBBjbPZz7uM8GeO7PXG7obU/edit?usp=sharing, for the 63 earthquakes after 1988.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Table 9 for the Study: "Correlation Study: Triggering and Magnitude of Earthquakes in Italy (≥M4.3) in Relation to the Positions and Gravitational Forces of the Sun, Moon, and Planets Relative to Earth."

Overview of the 200 analyzed earthquakes encompassing values and indices for σFR Parameters A, B, and the percentile of Alert Time across the three Analysis Lines, for Section 3.2.6.It contains 1 Excel calculation file, consisting of 3 excel sheet for each of the 3 lines of analysis, for both the 200 earthquakes since 1600 and for the 63 earthquakes that occurred after 1988.

dryad32/100

Data for: Recent changes in thermal niche position and breadth of bird assemblages in Spain in relation to increasing temperatures

Aim: Animal communities around the world are responding to climate change by altering their taxonomic composition, mainly through an increase in the colonisation rate of warm-dwelling species and the local extinction of cold-dwelling ones. We assessed whether the taxonomic composition of bird assemblages in peninsular Spain has changed in accordance with the recent increase in temperature. We also evaluated the role of species' thermal affinities and population dynamics in these changes. Location: Peninsular Spain. Taxon: Birds. Methods: We compared assemblages reported in the last Spanish breeding bird atlases (1998–2002 vs 2014–2019) in 10x10 km squares. We described species' thermal niches by overlaying global species breeding distributions and world temperature metrics (based on mean, minimum, maximum and range), and then aggregated them to obtain a set of community thermal indices for each assemblage (CTIs, and CTR for ranges). Long-term average temperatures and local current temperatures were related to changes in CTIs using spatial GLMMs, which considered habitat change. We identified the species most responsible for variation in assemblages and regressed species' influence on thermal affinities and population dynamics. Results: CTIs increased with temperature and warm-dwelling species became more prevalent to the detriment of cold-dwelling ones. However, we found a counteracting effect of temperature and habitat. Cold-dwelling forest species were among the most influential species, mainly through colonisation, while warm-dwelling farmland species contributed through local extinctions (both attenuated local increases in CTI). The mean thermal breadth of assemblages (CTR) decreased with temperatures. Main conclusions: The taxonomic composition of bird assemblages shifted in line with the main expectations due to global change (thermophilisation), mainly due to local colonisation of warm-dwelling species, although it did not show the pattern of thermal homogenization suggested elsewhere. Our results add further evidence of the interplay between climate warming and land-use change in the ongoing adjustment of animal communities.

opencc-zeroDec 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

STAMINA project 883441 related raw sequencing data of RTPCR positive SARS-CoV-2 amplicons

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dryad32/100

Social network connections are positively related to temperature in winter flocks of black-capped chickadees

Social species often share with conspecifics the responsibilities of finding food, defending against predators or caring for young. Within a social group, individuals' roles can be influenced by age, sex, and personality. Black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus, are nonmigratory passerine birds that spend their winters living in social flocks. Due to the intense metabolic stress placed on chickadees by low winter temperatures, the role of flocking in resource localization and allocation among flockmates is an important aspect of individual fitness, especially during winter. Understanding changes in flock structure in response to the environment may provide insight into the consequences of social behaviour variability on overwinter survival. Here, we used social network analysis to quantify the effects of ambient temperature on social foraging behaviour in winter flocks of black-capped chickadees over two winters in Massachusetts, USA. Contrary to our expectations, we found that two measures of social connection were higher on warm days than on cold days. We found no evidence that sex or dominance rank influenced birds' behavioural responses to temperature. Furthermore, contrary to previous research, we found male-biased sex ratios in most of our flocks. Our findings that birds had more and stronger social connections on warm days and that an individual's response to temperature was not related to their status in a flock beg further investigation as to the specific costs and benefits of flocking in chickadees and other birds.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

opennotspecifiedNov 2021View details →

FIGURE. Variable positions in the ITS2 secondary structure of some Coelastrella sensu lato species. The ITS2 model of Coelastrella striolata strain CAUP H 3602 (JX513881) was used to map sequence differences. Variable positions of analyzed strains (GenBank numbers can be found in Table 3, 4 are given next to the main structure and are marked in bold. Hemi- Compensatory Base Changes in conservative regions are circled and Compensatory Base Change is contoured. Sequences of strains with GenBank numbers JX513879 (C. aeroterrestrica), JX513882 (C. terrestris), JX513884 (C. rubescens), MH176120 (C. rubescens var. oocystiformis), JX513880 (C. multistriata), JX513887 (C. oocystiformis) were used as representatives of Coelastrella species. The strains analyzed in this study are underlined. in Morphological and phylogenetic relations of members of the genus Coelastrella (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) from the Ural and Khentii Mountains (Russia, Mongolia)

FIGURE. Variable positions in the ITS2 secondary structure of some Coelastrella sensu lato species. The ITS2 model of Coelastrella striolata strain CAUP H 3602 (JX513881) was used to map sequence differences. Variable positions of analyzed strains (GenBank numbers can be found in Table 3, 4 are given next to the main structure and are marked in bold. Hemi- Compensatory Base Changes in conservative regions are circled and Compensatory Base Change is contoured. Sequences of strains with GenBank numbers JX513879 (C. aeroterrestrica), JX513882 (C. terrestris), JX513884 (C. rubescens), MH176120 (C. rubescens var. oocystiformis), JX513880 (C. multistriata), JX513887 (C. oocystiformis) were used as representatives of Coelastrella species. The strains analyzed in this study are underlined.

dryad32/100

Megafruit and megafauna diversity are positively associated, while megafruit traits are related to abiotic factors, in Tropical Asia

Aim For tens of millions of years, herbivorous megafauna were abundant across the globe, fulfilling important ecological roles including seed dispersal. Megafruits are very large fruits that are dispersed most effectively by megafauna. However, megafruits also occur in ecosystems where megafauna are extinct or were never present, emphasizing our incomplete understanding of megafauna-megafruit relationships. Here we use the complex biogeography of tropical Asia to investigate how megafruit diversity and traits are associated with the diversity of megafauna, smaller animals, and abiotic factors. Location Tropical Asia, from the Indian subcontinent in the west to tropical China in the north to the Maluku archipelago (Indonesia) in the east. Time period Late Pleistocene to the present day. Major taxa studied Megafauna (body weight >500 kg) that consume fruits, including stegodons, elephants, rhinoceroses, giant tapirs, and large bovids. Fleshy-fruited plant species across the region with a fruit width >40 mm (i.e., megafruits). Methods We compiled a list of all megafruits along with selected plant, fruit, and seed traits in 16 subregions across tropical Asia. We explored biogeographic patterns in megafruit diversity and traits in relation to the diversities of past and present megafauna, large- and medium-sized animals and abiotic factors (mean temperature, mean precipitation, precipitation seasonality, insularity). Results We identified 496 megafruits in tropical Asia. Megafruit diversity was highest in subregions with high megafaunal diversity, particularly extant species. Megafruit traits were influenced most strongly by abiotic factors (mainly temperature and land area), and weakly by megafauna and smaller dispersers. Main conclusions Our results are consistent with megafauna maintaining or responding to megafruit diversity, but variation in megafruit traits is primarily associated with abiotic factors. Given the massive megafaunal losses in tropical Asia since the Late Pleistocene, it is important to identify fruit traits that can increase megafauna-dependence and thus vulnerability to these losses.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Grasshopper diversity and abundance in relation to elevation and vegetation from a snapshot in Mediterranean Anatolia: role of latitudinal position in altitudinal differences

Figure 2. Relationship between elevation and species diversity (solid lines with open diamonds) and specimen numbers (dashed lines with full dots) for grasshoppers and the three most speciose subfamilies (Gomphocerinae, Oedipodinae and Calliptaminae). Notes: Six altitudinal sites in the Akdaglar range are: KA, Kalkan; SU, Sütlegen; ZT, Ziyaret Tepe; ET, Eren Tepe; AS, Akdag Subasi; AI, Akdag Ikiz Göl.

Figure 1 in Grasshopper diversity and abundance in relation to elevation and vegetation from a snapshot in Mediterranean Anatolia: role of latitudinal position in altitudinal differences

Figure 1. Map showing geographical location of the study area and the sites visited to collect Caelifera specimens. Notes: Six altitudinal sites in the Akdaglar range are: KA, Kalkan; SU, Sütlegen; ZT, Ziyaret Tepe; ET, Eren Tepe; AS, Akdag Subasi; AI, Akdag Ikiz Göl.

Figure 3 in Grasshopper diversity and abundance in relation to elevation and vegetation from a snapshot in Mediterranean Anatolia: role of latitudinal position in altitudinal differences

Figure 3. Relationship between plant species diversity (histograms) and Caelifera species diversity (solid lines with open diamonds) and specimen numbers (dashed lines with full dots). Notes: Six altitudinal sites in the Akdaglar range are: KA, Kalkan; SU, Sütlegen; ZT, Ziyaret Tepe; ET, Eren Tepe; AS, Akdag Subasi; AI, Akdag Ikiz Göl.

Figure 4 in Grasshopper diversity and abundance in relation to elevation and vegetation from a snapshot in Mediterranean Anatolia: role of latitudinal position in altitudinal differences

Figure 4. Dendogram of six stations in the Akdaglar mountain range grouped according to Caeliferan species associations determined by cluster analysis based on Bray–Curtis similarity coefficient. Notes: KA, Kalkan; SU, Sütlegen; ZT, Ziyaret Tepe; ET, Eren Tepe; AS, Akdag Subasi; AI, Akdag Ikiz Göl.

Figure 13 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 13. Male advertisement calls of Amolops adicola sp. nov.: (a) 10 s oscillogram showing a call group comprising pulsatile calls; (b) 0.5 s oscillogram for a single call; (c) 0.1 s oscillogram for a call segment; (d) 0.5 s spectrogram for a single call.

Figure 14 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 14. (a) Habitat at the collection locality for topotypes of Amolops monticola in south Sikkim; (b) habitat at the holotype locality of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in Arunachal Pradesh. Thumbnail images of the species indicate the site of collection.

Figure 12 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 12. (a) Plot of first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) from principal component analysis based on morphometric data for Amolops adicola sp. nov. and A. monticola; (b–e) total contributions of the first four principal components: (b) PC1 (38.3% variance); (c) PC2 (22% variance); (d) PC3 (12.9% variance); (e) PC4 (7.8% variance). The red dashed line on the histograms indicates the expected average contribution.

Figure 11 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 11. Paratype (BNHS 6123, male) of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in preservation: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) dorsal view of head; (d) ventral view of hand; (e) dorsal view of hand showing nuptial pad on finger I; (f) illustration of tip morphology on finger I; (g) illustration of tip morphology on finger III; (h) ventral view of foot; (i) schematic illustration of webbing on foot.

Figure 10 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 10. Holotype (BNHS 6121, female) of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in preservation: (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view of head; (d) front view of the snout showing light-coloured snout with dark spots; (e) ventral view of hand; (f) ventral view of foot; (g) schematic illustration of webbing on foot.

Figure 9 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 9. Holotype and paratypes of Amolops adicola sp. nov. in life (photographed under captive conditions): (a–d) holotype (BNHS 6121, female): (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) posterior view of thighs; (d) dorsolateral view of head; (e, f) paratype (BNHS 6123, male): (e) dorsal view; (f) ventral view. Photographs: AD.

Figure 8 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 8. Amolops adicola sp. nov. in life: (a) dorsolateral view (holotype, BNHS 6121, female); (b) dorsolateral view of amplected pair (paratype, BNHS 6125, female, male not preserved); (c) dorsolateral view of amplected pair (paratype, BNHS 6124, female; paratype, BNHS 6122, male).

Figure 7 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 7. (a) Distribution map of all known members of the Amolops monticola species group found in India; (b) inset rectangle enlarged to show the type locality of Amolops monticola 'Darjeeling' and the rediscovered locality in south Sikkim. An asterisk (*) after the species name indicates members whose type locality is in India. A question mark (?) indicates a doubtful record. Geographical coordinates and their source information are referenced in Table S2.

Figure 4 in Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India

Figure 4. Topotypes of Amolops monticola in life: (a, b) adult female, BNHS 6120: (a) dorsolateral view; (b) dorsal view; (c–e) adult male, WIIADA 544: (c) lateral view; (d) dorsolateral view; (e) dorsal view; (f) dorsolateral view (adult male, WIIADA 545); (g) lateral view of head (adult female, BNHS 6120); (h) ventral view of head showing loose skin of the vocal sacs (adult male, WIIADA 544). Photographs: NGP.