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1,465 results for “resilience”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: Juvenile Parrotfish Habitat Associations at North Shore Fringe and Backreef in March 2011
These data describe habitat associations of juvenile parrotfish (Scaridae) encountered during systematic searches at LTER 1 and LTER 2 fringing reef and back reef sites during March 2011. At each site SCUBA divers or snorkelers identified, counted, and estimated the sizes of juvenile parrotfish and recorded the microhabitat that each individual or group of individuals was associated with on two 100 m x 10 m wide transects (n = 8 transects total). Upon encountering a juvenile or group of juveniles, the surveyor recorded the microhabitat type that fishes were first seen to be closest to. They also closely observed the behavior of fishes to see if they were utilizing a particular microhabitat as shelter, and if so this was also recorded. Several groups of fishes first observed to be grazing on hard substrate or on macroalgae quickly retreated into the nearby coral Porites rus when approached. Hence for these individuals we considered the initial habitat they were associated with (e.g., hard substrate or macroalgae) to be their primary microhabitat, but also noted that they were associated with Porites rus for shelter.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: Turbinaria Alternate State Experiment
These data describe the density of Turbinaria ornata stipes from experimentally manipulated 1 m X 1 m plots on the forereef and naturally occurring 1 m X 1 m patches on the fringing reefs. In this pilot experiment Turbinaria were transplanted from the fringing reef to the forereef at 10 m depth to test whether it persists upon establishment. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Century-scale resilience of stored seagrass blue carbon in coastal Virginia
Blue carbon sequestration in coastal ecosystems is only relevant to climate change mitigation and carbon offset crediting if the carbon is taken out of circulation for at least a century. Here, we report data from sediment cores, up to 2.2 m deep, collected below modern Zostera marina seagrass meadows in Mid-Atlantic lagoons in Virginia, USA. Integrated data on Pb-210 and C-14 dating, sediment organic matter and carbon content, and stable isotopic and DNA analysis of sediment samples revealed that buried seagrass organic carbon persisted for centuries.
Why the CAP should widen its approach to resilience
<p>To achieve its objectives in a changing world, the Common Agricultural Policy needs to put the resilience of Europe’s farming systems at its center. The current CAP focuses on making the farming community more robust against shocks in the short run. However, a broader view on resilience is needed to ensure a sustainable agricultural sector in the longer term. This new vision should pay sufficient attention to developing the capacities of both individual farms and farming systems to adapt to changing circumstances and to transform their business models where necessary to maintain the delivery of food, fiber, energy and public goods in the long run.</p>
Policy options for resilience-enhancing farm demographics
<p>European agriculture as well as the wider economy face substantial demographic changes in the upcoming decades. The baby boomer generation will retire within the next 10 to 15 years and the cohorts of the young generations which will enter the labour market in the next decades are much smaller in size. Accordingly, the farming sector will have to compete with other sectors and urban areas which offer attractive career prospects. The SURE-Farm project seeks to better understand the sustainability and resilience of European farming systems, including the challenges related to farm demographics and what this means for structural change. This policy brief aims to tie the findings of SURE-Farm on farm demographics with policy options which may enable resilient farm structures.</p>
Improved risk management towards more resilient EU faming systems
<p>EU farming systems are facing increasing economic, social, environmental and institutional challenges. Finding the opportunities to improve risk management contributes to enhancing the farming systems’ resilience. Based on the participation of a wide variety of stakeholders across European agricultural sectors, four main avenues to improve risk management are proposed: 1) Useful, accessible and well-structured information; 2) Professional, adapted and widespread training and advice and boosted knowledge transfer; 3) Developing and spreading new forms of cooperation among farming system actors; and 4) New/ improved products and services adapted to current and future needs of the farming systems. Not only farmers, farmers’ households and associations but also value chain actors, financial institutions, NGOs and public administration are encouraged to be part of the opportunities to improve risk management towards resilient farming systems.</p>
Resilient and sustainable Permeable Pavements For urban Flood Mitigation
<p>Permeable pavements are more sustainable option towards climate change as they maintain the hydrological cycle. However, they suffer from problems such as lower strength and integrity. In this project, this issue is addressed in three main stages: a. development of high viscosity bitumen; b. evaluating different types of additives to be used in porous asphalt mixtures (surface course of permeable pavements); c. Development of a multi-criteria tool to implement the permeable pavement system using GIS software. </p>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for South Africa
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Nigeria
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Democratic Republic of the Congo
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2023)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2023) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Model output and figure code for "Tradeoffs Between Vertical and Lateral Resilience in a Salt Marsh Restoration Model"
<p>Simulation output data from COLT_Restorations model stored on the Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System public model repository at <a href="https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:COLT_Restorations">https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:COLT_Restorations</a> and on a GitHub public repository at<a href="https://github.com/mbbarksdale/CoLT_Restorations"> https://github.com/mbbarksdale/CoLT_Restorations</a>.</p> <p>These data were processed and graphed with model code that can also be found in a GitHub public repository at <a href="https://github.com/mbbarksdale/COLTRestorationsPaper_dataANDfigures">https://github.com/mbbarksdale/COLTRestorationsPaper_dataANDfigures</a>. </p>
Data for: A fundamental tradeoff among resilience, resistance, efficiency, and redundancy in tidal wetlands
<p>We filtered the raw NASA-MODIS (MOD13Q1) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) dataset to only inlcude pixels with high tidal wetland class purity and Quality Assurance (QA) reliability scores. We filtered 782,693 tidal wetland pixels with coverage spanning the entire contiguous United States to only include those with greater than 90% tidal wetland class purity. We then further filtered these pixels to only include those where data dropouts in the EVI or QA layer occured fewer than 10% of the time. In the end, we used 145,871 pixels in our analysis. Tidal wetland GPP was calculated by pixel for the dates 3/5/2000 to 12/2/2020 at 16-day intervals using the algorithms published in: </p> <p>R. A. Feagin, I. Forbrich, T.P. Huff, J.G. Barr, J. Ruiz-plancarte, J.D Fuentes, R.G. Najjar, R. Vargas, A. Vazquez-lule, L. Windham-Myers, K. Kroeger, E.J. Ward, G.W. Moore, M. Leclerc, K.W. Krauss, C.L. Stagg, M. Alber, S.H. Knox, K.V.R. Schafer, T.S., Bianchi, J.A. Hutchings, H.B. Nahrawi, A. Noormets, B. Mitra, A. Jaimes, A.L. Hinson, B. Bergamaschi, J. King, and G. Miao., Tidal wetland gross primary production across the continental United States, 2000–2019. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 34, e2019GB006349 (2020).</p> <p>The file named "SWR_90percentFinal.csv" contains the filtered SWR database used to calculate GPP. File named "temp_90percentFinal_rounded.csv" contains the filtered air temperature database used to calculate GPP. The file named "EVI(gapped_filled)_90percentFinal.csv" contains the final gap-filled EVI time series database used to calculate GPP. File named "QA_90%Final.csv" contains the filtered quality assurance (QA) values. Dates in the EVI database where QA = 3 were determined to be of poor quality, removed from the database, and replaced with "NA". Single NA gaps in the EVI database were gap-filled by taking the mean of the dates flanking the NA gap. File named "myGPP(gap_filled)_FINAL.csv" contains the calculated GPP estimates used throughout the study analysis. </p> <p>File named "rawEVI.csv" contains the raw EVI database prior to filtering and gap-filling. File named "rawSWR.csv" contains the raw SWR database prior to filtering. File named "rawAirTemp.csv" contains the air temperature database prior to filtering. File named "rawQA.csv" contains the QA layer of the MOD13 satellite product prior to filtering. These files contain the raw data for all 782,693 tidal wetland pixel locations. These raw files can also be accessed at daac.ornl.gov. </p>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Namibia
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Libya
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Sudan
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Niger
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Chile
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Guinea
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Argentina
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
Infrastructure Climate Resilience Assessment Data Starter Kit for Rwanda
<p> This starter data kit collects extracts from global, open datasets relating to climate hazards and infrastructure systems. </p> <p> These extracts are derived from global datasets which have been clipped to the national scale (or subnational, in cases where national boundaries have been split, generally to separate outlying islands or non-contiguous regions), using Natural Earth (2023) boundaries, and is not meant to express an opinion about borders, territory or sovereignty. </p> <p> Human-induced climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of climate and weather extremes. This is causing widespread, adverse impacts to societies, economies and infrastructures. Climate risk analysis is essential to inform policy decisions aimed at reducing risk. Yet, access to data is often a barrier, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Data are often scattered, hard to find, in formats that are difficult to use or requiring considerable technical expertise. Nevertheless, there are global, open datasets which provide some information about climate hazards, society, infrastructure and the economy. This "data starter kit" aims to kickstart the process and act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. </p> <p>Hazards:</p> <ul> <li>coastal and river flooding (Ward et al, 2020; Baugh et al, 2024)</li> <li>extreme heat and drought (Russell et al 2023, derived from Lange et al, 2020)</li> <li>tropical cyclone wind speeds (Russell 2022, derived from Bloemendaal et al 2020 and Bloemendaal et al 2022)</li> </ul> <p>Exposure:</p> <ul> <li>population (Schiavina et al, 2023)</li> <li>built-up area (Pesaresi et al, 2023)</li> <li>roads (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>railways (OpenStreetMap, 2025)</li> <li>power plants (Global Energy Observatory et al, 2018)</li> <li>power transmission lines (Arderne et al, 2020)</li> </ul> <p>Contextual information:</p> <ul> <li>elevation (European Union and ESA, 2021)</li> <li>land-use and land cover (Copernicus Climate Change Service and Climate Data Store, 2019)</li> <li>administrative boundaries from geoBoundaries (Runfola et al., 2020)</li> </ul> <p> The spatial intersection of hazard and exposure datasets is a first step to analyse vulnerability and risk to infrastructure and people. </p> <p> To learn more about related concepts, there is a free short course available through the Open University on <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=12278">Infrastructure and Climate Resilience</a>. This <a href="https://opsis.eci.ox.ac.uk/courses/2-infra-for-resil/">overview of the course</a> has more details. </p> <p> These Python libraries may be a useful place to start analysis of the data in the packages produced by this workflow: </p> <ul> <li> <a href="https://github.com/tomalrussell/snkit"><code>snkit</code></a> helps clean network data </li> <li> <a href="https://github.com/nismod/snail"><code>nismod-snail</code></a> is designed to help implement infrastructure exposure, damage and risk calculations </li> </ul> <p> The <a href="https://github.com/nismod/open-gira"><code>open-gira</code></a> repository contains a larger workflow for global-scale open-data infrastructure risk and resilience analysis. </p> <p> For a more developed example, some of these datasets were key inputs to a regional climate risk assessment of current and future flooding risks to transport networks in East Africa, which has a related online visualisation tool at <a href="https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/">https://east-africa.infrastructureresilience.org/</a> and is described in detail in Hickford et al (2023). </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li> Arderne, Christopher, Nicolas, Claire, Zorn, Conrad, & Koks, Elco E. (2020). Data from: Predictive mapping of the global power system using open data [Dataset]. In Nature Scientific Data (1.1.1, Vol. 7, Number Article 19). Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3628142">10.5281/zenodo.3628142</a> </li> <li> Baugh, Calum; Colonese, Juan; D'Angelo, Claudia; Dottori, Francesco; Neal, Jeffrey; Prudhomme, Christel; Salamon, Peter (2024): Global river flood hazard maps. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) [Dataset] PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif">data.europa.eu/89h/jrc-floods-floodmapgl_rp50y-tif</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, H. (Hans); Muis, S; Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Aerts, J.C.J.H. (Jeroen) (2020): STORM tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/12705164.v3">10.4121/12705164.v3</a> </li> <li> Bloemendaal, Nadia; de Moel, Hans; Dullaart, Job; Haarsma, R.J. (Reindert); Haigh, I.D. (Ivan); Martinez, Andrew B.; et al. (2022): STORM climate change tropical cyclone wind speed return periods. 4TU.ResearchData. [Dataset]. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4121/14510817.v3">10.4121/14510817.v3</a> </li> <li> Copernicus Climate Change Service, Climate Data Store, (2019): Land cover classification gridded maps from 1992 to present derived from satellite observation. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.006f2c9a">10.24381/cds.006f2c9a</a> (Accessed on 09-AUG-2024) </li> <li> Copernicus DEM - Global Digital Elevation Model (2021) DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65">10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65</a> (produced using Copernicus WorldDEM™-90 © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved) </li> <li> Global Energy Observatory, Google, KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Enipedia, World Resources Institute. (2018) Global Power Plant Database. Published on Resource Watch and Google Earth Engine; <a href="http://resourcewatch.org/">resourcewatch.org/</a> </li> <li> Hickford et al (2023) Decision support systems for resilient strategic transport networks in low-income countries – Final Report. Available online: <a href="https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries">https://transport-links.com/hvt-publications/final-report-decision-support-systems-for-resilient-strategic-transport-networks-in-low-income-countries</a> </li> <li> Lange, S., Volkholz, J., Geiger, T., Zhao, F., Vega, I., Veldkamp, T., et al. (2020). Projecting exposure to extreme climate impact events across six event categories and three spatial scales. Earth's Future, 8, e2020EF001616. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001616">10.1029/2020EF001616</a> </li> <li> Natural Earth (2023) Admin 0 Map Units, v5.1.1. [Dataset] Available online: <a href="https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details/">www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-cultural-vectors/10m-admin-0-details</a> </li> <li> OpenStreetMap contributors, Russell T., Thomas F., nismod/datapkg contributors (2025) Road and Rail networks derived from OpenStreetMap. [Dataset] Available at <a href="https://global.infrastructureresilience.org">global.infrastructureresilience.org</a> </li> <li> Pesaresi M., Politis P. (2023): GHS-BUILT-S R2023A - GHS built-up surface grid, derived from Sentinel2 composite and Landsat, multitemporal (1975-2030) European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea">data.europa.eu/89h/9f06f36f-4b11-47ec-abb0-4f8b7b1d72ea</a>, doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA </li> <li> Runfola D, Anderson A, Baier H, Crittenden M, Dowker E, Fuhrig S, et al. (2020) geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231866">10.1371/journal.pone.0231866</a>. </li> <li> Russell, T., Nicholas, C., & Bernhofen, M. (2023). Annual probability of extreme heat and drought events, derived from Lange et al 2020 (Version 2) [Dataset]. Zenodo. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8147088">10.5281/zenodo.8147088</a> </li> <li> Schiavina M., Freire S., Carioli A., MacManus K. (2023): GHS-POP R2023A - GHS population grid multitemporal (1975-2030). European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) PID: <a href="http://data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe">data.europa.eu/89h/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe</a>, doi:10.2905/2FF68A52-5B5B-4A22-8F40-C41DA8332CFE </li> <li> Ward, P.J., H.C. Winsemius, S. Kuzma, M.F.P. Bierkens, A. Bouwman, H. de Moel, A. Díaz Loaiza, et al. (2020) Aqueduct Floods Methodology. Technical Note. Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute. Available online at: <a href="https://www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology">www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-floods-methodology</a>. </li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.