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550 results for “return”
Return of diversity: wetland plant community recovery following purple loosestrife biocontrol
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Patient-reported outcomes predict return to work and health-related quality of life 6 months after cardiac rehabilitation: Results from a German multi-centre registry (OutCaRe): dataset
<p>This is the resulting data set from the prospective observational study (available cases at the time of follow up monitoring) OutCaRe, that is the basis of all results presented in the article "Patient-reported outcomes predict return to work and health-related quality of life 6 months after cardiac rehabilitation: Results from a German multi-centre registry (OutCaRe)".</p> <p>OutCaRe is a registered study (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00011418).</p>
Best-practice forestry management delivers diminishing returns for coral reefs with increased land-clearing
<p>Protection of coastal ecosystems from deforestation may be the best way to protect coral reefs from sediment runoff. However, given the importance of generating economic activities for coastal livelihoods, the prohibition of development is often not feasible. In light of this, logging codes-of-practice have been developed to mitigate the impacts of logging on downstream ecosystems. However, no studies have assessed whether managed land-clearing can occur in tandem with coral reef conservation goals.</p> <p>This study quantifies the impacts of current land use and the risk of potential logging activities on downstream coral reef condition and fisheries using a novel suite of linked land-sea models, using Kolombangara Island in the Solomon Islands as a case study. Further, we examine the ability of erosion reduction strategies stipulated in logging codes-of-practice to reduce these impacts as clearing extent increases.</p> <p>We found that with present-day land use, reductions in live and branching coral cover and increases in turf algae were associated with exposure to sediment runoff from catchments and log ponds. Critically, reductions in fish grazer abundance and biomass were associated with increasing sediment runoff, a functional group that accounts for ~25% of subsistence fishing. At low clearing extents, although best management practices minimises the exposure of coral reefs to increased runoff, it would still result in 32% of the reef experiencing an increase in sediment exposure. If clearing extent increased, best management practices would have no impact, with a staggering 89% of coral reef area at risk compared to logging with no management.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Assessing trade-offs between coastal development and protection of marine resources is a challenge for decision makers globally. Although development activities requiring clearing can be important for livelihoods, our results demonstrate that new logging in intact forest risks downstream resources important for both food and livelihood security. Importantly, our approach allows for spatially-explicit recommendations for where terrestrial management might best complement marine management. Finally, given the critical degradation feedback loops that increased sediment runoff can reinforce on coral reefs, minimising sediment runoff could play an important role in helping coral reefs recover from climate-related disturbances.</p>
Return to work following diagnosis of low-grade glioma: A nationwide matched cohort study
<p>Objective: Return-to-work (RTW) following diagnosis of infiltrative low-grade gliomas (LGG) is unknown. </p> <p>Methods: Swedish patients with histopathological verified WHO grade II diffuse glioma diagnosed between 2005-2015 were included. Data were acquired from several Swedish registries. A total of 381 patients aged 18-60 were eligible. A matched control population (n=1900) was acquired. Individual data on sick leave, compensations, comorbidity, and treatments assigned were assessed. Predictors were explored using multivariable logistic regression. </p> <p>Results: One year before surgery/index date, 88 % of cases were working compared to 91 % of controls. The proportion of controls working remained constant, while patients had a rapid increase in sick leave approximately six months prior to surgery. After one and two years respectively, 52 % and 63 % of the patients were working. Predictors for no-RTW after one year were previous sick leave (OR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.88-0.96, p <0.001), older age (OR 0.96, 95 % CI 0.94-0.99, p=0.005) and lower functional level (OR 0.64 95% CI, 0.45-0.91 p=0.01). Patients receiving adjuvant treatment were less likely to RTW within the first year. At two years, biopsy (as opposed to resection), female sex and co-morbidity were also unfavorable, while age and adjuvant treatment were no longer significant. </p> <p>Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients RTW within the first year. Lower functional status, previous sick leave, older age, and adjuvant treatment were risk factors for no-RTW at one year after surgery. Female sex, co-morbidity, and biopsy only were also unfavorable for RTW at two years.</p>
Data from: Skewness and index futures return
<p>In this paper, we show that the individual skewness, defined as the average of monthly skewness across firms, performs very well at predicting the return of S\&P 500 index futures. This result holds after controlling for the liquidity risk or for the current business cycle conditions. We also find that individual skewness performs very well at predicting index futures returns out-of-sample.</p>
Characteristics of the initial stage and return stroke currents of rocket-triggered lightning flashes in southern China
<p>This study investigates the initial stage (IS) and return stroke (RS) currents of 50 triggered lightning flashes (TLFs) that were conducted in southern China. The IS of the negative TLFs has a longer duration, and larger average current, charge transfer, and action integral than those reported elsewhere, with geometric means (GMs) of 347.9 ms, 132.5 A, 45.1 C, and 10.0 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s, respectively. Two positive TLFs containing no RS have much greater average currents, charge transfers, and action integrals in the IS when compared with the negative TLFs. The RS has a greater peak current (17.2 kA; GM, same to below), charge transfer within 1 ms (1.3 C), and action integral within 1 ms (5.8 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s), and shorter 10% to 90% rise time (0.4 μs) than elsewhere. The peak current is prominently correlated with the rate of rise, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms. Furthermore, when the total duration of the RS and any following continuing currents is longer than 40 ms, the peak current, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms of the RS are seldom greater than 25 kA, 2.6 C, and 15 × 10<sup>3</sup> A<sup>2</sup> s, respectively. It is indicated that TLFs containing RSs tend to have a longer duration but a smaller charge transfer during the IS than those without RS. The peak current of the RS is weakly correlated with its preceding silence period when there was no channel base current.</p>
Preliminary Breakdown Process of Winter Positive Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flash and Its relation to the Following First Return Stroke
<p>The file <em>+CG statistics.xlsx</em> contains various statistical parameters for 60 +CG events.</p> <p>The files <em>3D_UPB.dat</em>, <em>3D_DPB.dat</em>, <em>3D_IRPB1.dat</em>, and <em>3D_IRPB2.dat</em> provide the 3D location results for the four example events discussed in the main text. Each file includes data organized in four lines, representing time (ms), x (m), y (m), and z (m), respectively.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p>
Semi-coskewnesses and the cross-section of excepted stock returns: Evidence from China
<p><span><span>We propose an alternative nonlinear semi-risk measure, by decomposing the traditional coskewness into four components associated with the signed excess market and asset returns, that captures the asymmetries in nonlinear markets. </span><span>We find that the two semi-coskewnesses attributable to (positive) negative excess market returns predict significantly (lower) higher future returns</span><span> based on high-frequency data from China's A-share market</span><span>.</span><span> After conducting </span><span>a wide range of implementations, the risk premium for negative coskewness stands out as the most significant, </span><span>followed by the premium for mixed</span><span> negative coskewness. In contrast, the results for positive and </span><span>mixed positive coskewnesses are </span><span>not always significantly negative. More importantly from</span><span> an economically meaningful perspective, for a downside risk premium of </span><span>25.40% per annum, a 2-standard-deviation increase in negative semi-coskewness gives rise to an increase of approximately </span><span>13.71% in annual expected return.</span></span></p>
Data - "Balancing Risk-Return Decisions by Manipulating the Mesofrontal Circuits in Primates"
<p>Averaged data associated with article "Balancing Risk-Return Decisions by Manipulating the Mesofrontal Circuits in Primates"</p>
Data from: Disequilibrium oxygen isotope distribution among aqueously altered minerals in Ryugu asteroid returned samples
<p>Oxygen 3-isotope ratios of magnetite and carbonates in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrites provide important clues to understanding the evolution of the fluid in the asteroidal parent bodies. We conducted oxygen 3-isotope analyses of magnetite, dolomite, and breunnerite in two sections of asteroid Ryugu returned samples, A0058 and C0002, using a secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS). Magnetite was analyzed by using a lower primary ion energy that reduced instrumental biases due to the crystal orientation effect. We found two groups of magnetite data identified from the SIMS pit morphologies: (1) higher δ<sup>18</sup>O (from 3‰ to 7‰) and ∆<sup>17</sup>O (~2‰) with porous SIMS pits mostly from spherulitic magnetite, and (2) lower δ<sup>18</sup>O (~ –3‰) and variable ∆<sup>17</sup>O (0-2‰) mostly from euhedral magnetite. Dolomite and breunnerite analyses were conducted using multi-collection Faraday cup detectors with precisions ≤0.3‰. The dependence of instrumental biases on carbonate compositions was corrected using two methods, using Fe and (Fe+Mn) contents, because Ryugu dolomite contains higher amounts of Mn than the terrestrial standard. Results of dolomite and breunnerite analyses show a narrow range of ∆<sup>17</sup>O; 0.0–0.3‰ for dolomite in A0058 and 0.2–0.8‰ for dolomite and breunnerite in C0002. The majority of breunnerite, including large ≥100 µm grains, show systematically lower δ<sup>18</sup>O (~21‰) than dolomite (25–30‰ and 23–27‰ depending on the instrumental bias corrections). The equilibrium temperatures between magnetite and dolomite from the coarse-grained lithology in A0058 are calculated to be 51±11˚C and 78±14˚C, depending on the instrumental bias correction scheme for dolomite; a reliable temperature estimate would require a Mn-bearing dolomite standard to evaluate the instrumental bias corrections, which is not currently available. These results indicate that oxygen isotope ratios of aqueous fluids in the Ryugu parent asteroid were isotopically heterogeneous, either spatially or temporally. Initial water ice accreted to the Ryugu parent body might have ∆<sup>17</sup>O >2‰ that was melted and interacted with anhydrous solids with the initial ∆<sup>17</sup>O <0‰. In the early stage of aqueous alteration, spherulitic magnetite and calcite formed from aqueous fluid with ∆<sup>17</sup>O ~2‰ that was produced by isotope exchange between water (∆<sup>17</sup>O >2‰) and anhydrous solids (∆<sup>17</sup>O <0‰). Dolomite and breunnerite along with some magnetite formed at a later stage of aqueous alteration under higher water-to-rock ratios and the oxygen isotope ratios were nearly at equilibrium between fluid and solid phases. Including literature data, δ<sup>18</sup>O of carbonates decreases in the order of calcite, dolomite, and breunnerite, suggesting that the temperature of alteration might have increased with the degree of aqueous alteration.</p>
Abnormal Upward Attempted Leaders Before the First Return Stroke of a Rocket-triggered Lightning Flash
<p><span>The electric field and optical data</span></p>
Dataset on Modelling Rainfall Return Periods and Intensity: Survival Analysis Approach
<p>This dataset consist Twenty years’ of annual rainfall data, obtained from three metrological stations. These annual rainfal were subjected to nine different probability plotting position methods, which are California, Weibull, Hazen, Adamowski, Blom, Chegodagev, Gringoten, Hirsh, and Laplace methods. The respective months and years of the rainfall was recorded. The months are recoded into halves of the year, 1 represent months in first half and 2 represents months in second year. </p>
Data for ESG Score and Green Stock Overnight Returns
<p>The file <code>fivefactor_yearly</code> contains the Fama-French five factors .</p> <p>The file <code>yearly_indicator</code> contains the sample of stocks used in this study.</p>
Temporal Evolution Feature on Spectrum and Temperature of Lightning return stroke Channel
<p>Temperature is one of the crucial parameters reflecting the energy and current transfer characteristics in the lightning discharge channel. According to the spectra of eight lightning return strokes recorded simultaneously by two high-speed slitless spectrographs with different time resolutions, the spectral-structure and temperature evolution of the return stroke channels over time was quantitatively analyzed. Different from the previous report, one of the spectrographs have recorded the ionic lines in the spectra within approximately 200 microseconds during the return stroke. The ionic line intensity decayed rapidly with time as the current declined, while the atomic line intensity decreased more slowly. The spectral-structure evolution characteristics indicate that the ionic lines in the spectra existed throughout the discharge current process (including the continuing current (CC) stage). Additionally, it further suggests that the ionic line intensities are associated with the discharge currents and that their radiation mechanism is closely related to the collision excitation under the action of strong currents. The temperature calculated by the ionic lines can reflect the thermodynamic properties of the current-carrying channel. The temperature calculated using atomic lines is significantly lower than that calculated by the ionic lines in the same spectrum. The radiation mechanism of the atomic lines differs from that of the ionic lines. Compared with the decay of the ionic-line intensity, the decline of the channel temperature calculated by ionic lines is slower. The temperature calculated by atomic lines shown the similar feature, and it is even basically unchanged in the CC stage. This property reflects the persistent heating effect of the current.</p>
Return of forest structure and diversity in tropical restoration plantings
<p>Stepping-stone restoration plantings can reconcile conservation goals and local land use needs in highly fragmented ecosystems. We explored how initial planting composition influences recruiting plant species density, diversity, abundance, and forest structure in a 13-year-old restoration experiment in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. Treatments included 8 fenced plantings with animal-dispersed species, 8 plantings with wind-dispersed species, 8 unplanted plots to favor natural succession, and 8 plots in the primary forest as reference sites. We predicted that that by attracting more seed dispersers, animal-dispersed plantings would most closely resemble the primary forest. A census of trees taller than 2 m showed that while wind-dispersed plantings had more recruits, the animal-dispersed plantings most closely resembled the primary forest in pioneer abundance, species density and abundance of biotically-dispersed and abiotically-dispersed plants, individual tree basal area (m<sup>2</sup>/ha), and vertical structure. The wind-dispersed plantings more closely approximated the forest in non-pioneer abundance and community composition. However, restoration treatments were more similar to each other than to the primary forest and did not differ in plant diversity. Animal-dispersed and wind-dispersed plantings did not differ in non-pioneer species density and matched the primary forest in total plot basal area. Higher abundance of trees in wind-plantings is explained by lower establishment limitations, seed legacy effects, and rapid reproduction of a few planted species. As the experiment continues, we expect treatment effects on seed dispersers will more strongly influence the recruiting plant community, leading the animal-dispersed plantings to more closely resemble the primary forest in diversity and forest structure.</p>
Knowledge of returning wildlife species and willingness to participate in citizen science projects among wildlife park visitors in Germany
<p>Successful conservation efforts have led to recent increases of large mammals such as European bison (Bison bonasus), moose (Alces alces) and grey wolf (Canis lupus) and their return to former habitats in central Europe. While embraced by some, the recovery of these species is a controversial topic and holds potential for human-wildlife conflicts. Involving the public has been suggested to be an effective method for monitoring wildlife and mitigating associated conflicts. To assess two interrelated prerequisites for engaging people in Citizen Science (CS) – knowledge of returning species and respondents' readiness to participate in CS activities for monitoring and managing these species – we conducted a survey (questionnaire) in two wildlife parks located in different states of Germany. Based on 472 complete questionaires, we developed generalized linear models to 1) understand how sociodemographic variables and exposure to the species affected visitors' knowledge of each species, and to 2) investigate if sociodemographic variables and knowledge influenced the likelihood of visitors to participate in CS activities. Almost all visitors were aware of the returning wolf population, while knowledge and awareness about bison and moose were significantly lower. Knowledge of the two herbivores differed geographically (higher knowledge of moose in the north-eastern state), possibly indicating a positive association between exposure to the species and knowledge. However, models generally performed poorly in predicting knowledge about wildlife, suggesting that such specific knowledge is insufficiently explained by sociodemographic variables. Our model to explain stated willingness in CS indicated that younger participants and those with higher knowledge scores in the survey were more willing to engage in CS activities. Overall, our analyses highlight how exposure to large mammals, knowledge about wildlife and human demographics are interrelated - insights that are helpful for effectively recruiting citizen scientists for wildlife conservation.</p>
An analytical framework to measure social return of community-supported agriculture
<p>Figures of the case studies (original data from CSA websites and staff interviews)</p>
Data from: Filtering ground noise from LiDAR returns produces inferior models of forest aboveground biomass in heterogenous landscapes
<p>Airborne LiDAR has become an essential data source for large-scale, high-resolution modeling of forest aboveground biomass and carbon stocks, enabling predictions with much higher resolution and accuracy than can be achieved using optical imagery alone. Ground noise filtering -- that is, excluding returns from LiDAR point clouds based on simple height thresholds -- is a common practice meant to improve the 'signal' content of LiDAR returns by preventing ground returns from masking useful information about tree size and condition contained within canopy returns. However, ground returns may be helpful for making accurate aboveground biomass predictions in heterogeneous landscapes that include a patchy mosaic of vegetation heights and land cover types.<br> <br> In this paper, we applied several ground noise filtering thresholds while mapping forest AGB across New York State (USA), a heterogenous landscape composed of both contiguously forested and highly fragmented areas with mixed land cover types. We fit random forest models to predictor sets derived from each filtering intensity threshold and compared model accuracies, paying attention to how changes in accuracy correlated with landscape structure. We observed that removing ground noise via any height threshold systematically biases many of the LiDAR-derived variables used in AGB modeling, with mean correlation (Spearman's $\rho$) between variables increasing from 0.183 to 0.266. We found that that ground noise filtering yields models of forest AGB with lower accuracy than models trained using predictors derived from unfiltered point clouds, with RMSE increasing by up to 2.2 Mg ha^-1^ statewide. Although we only modeled AGB for forest cover types, models fit to predictors derived from filtered point clouds performed worse as landscape heterogeneity (as measured by patch density and edge density) increased, suggesting ground returns are particularly useful when modeling edge forests. Our results suggest that ground filtering should be a carefully considered decision when mapping forest AGB, particularly when mapping heterogeneous and highly fragmented landscapes, as ground returns are more likely to represent useful 'signal' than extraneous 'noise' in these cases.</p>
Data for "Estimation of Return Stroke Velocity by Time Reversal Reconstruction of Channel Feature Points"
<p>In the manuscript entitled “Estimation of Return Stroke Velocity by Time Reversal Reconstruction of Channel Feature Points”, station coordinates of the location system, simulation data, and experimental data can be obtained through the following attachment. These files can be opened by Matlab 2018(or later). The data supports the aforementioned manuscript and can be used freely for scientific purposes with appropriate citations.</p> <p> </p> <p>'IniationParameters_center.mat' is the coordinates of LFLLS stations and strike point (simulation).</p> <p>a) simulation_strike_point: coordinates of the return point (simulation).</p> <p>b) x0, y0, and z0: coordinates of LFLLS stations in x, y, and z directions.</p> <p> </p> <p>1. Simulation data (EE_zd: E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); Ee_zd: Electrostatic component of the E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); Ei_zd: Induction component of the E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); Er_zd: Radiation component of the E-field waveforms (Unit V/m); T: times corresponding to the E-field waveforms; vv: RS velocity condition; tort_x, tort_y, and tort_z: Coordinates of segmented channels).</p> <p>'Simulation_Vertical_channel_Ez_V1.mat' is the vertical channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V1.</p> <p>'Simulation_Vertical_channel_Ez_V2.mat' is the vertical channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V2.</p> <p>'Simulation_Vertical_channel_Ez_V3.mat' is the vertical channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V3.</p> <p>'Simulation_Inclined_channel_Ez.mat' is the inclined channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V1.</p> <p>'Simulation_Tortuous(randomly)_channel_Ez.mat' is the tortuous channel (randomly) E-field waveforms calculated under the condition of RS velocity constant.</p> <p>'Simulation_Tortuous_channel_Ez.mat' is the tortuous channel E-field waveforms calculated under the RS velocity condition V1.</p> <p> </p> <p>2. Experimental data</p> <p>'2020-08-09-002418-905.5ms(0.4)-siteidx(12346).mat' is the E-field original waveforms of -CG002418.RS2.</p> <p>a) wave: E-field original waveforms of -CG002418.RS2 (D.U.).</p> <p>b) time: times corresponding to the E-field waveforms.</p> <p> </p> <p>3. Figure data</p> <p>This folder contains the .fig format files of Figure 3 ~ 10 in the paper.</p>
Supplementary materials: Return of the pika: American pikas re-occupy long-extirpated, warm locations
<p>To accompany: Return of the pika: American pikas re-occupy long-extirpated, warm locations by Constance I. Millar and Andrew T. Smith, Nature Notes.</p> <p>American pika re-colonization sites identified in this study </p> <p>Bodie State Historic Park – Noonday Mine 38.004 N; -119.1005 W; 2,615 m Site also clearly identified in maps in Smith (1974a), Smith & Gilpin (1997), Smith & Nagy (2015).</p> <p>North Mono Craters Site 37.9116 N; -118.9985 W; 2,145-2,250 m</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.