Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 1. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of holotype of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. (adult female, MZUSP 117809, 371 mm TL). Note that specimen lacks distal tip of tail and anteriormost caudal sting (smaller, posterior caudal sting shown), and that disc is slightly curled in B.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of paratype of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. (adult male, MZUSP 117806, 367 mm TL). Specimen was dissected to study ventral lateral-line canals (skin slightly displaced).

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of live adult male specimen. Note large, lighter blotches on back that in many specimens coalesce to form amphora- or Ω-shaped figure, smaller spots closer to disc margins, particular coloration on eyes, and lateral darker bands on tail (photo courtesy of J.K. Langhammer).

FIGURE 11 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 11. Clasper skeleton of adult male (UFPB 5216, 345 mm TL). A) Dorsal view. B) Ventral view. Abbreviations: at, accessory terminal cartilage; ax, axial cartilage; be, beta cartilage; bp, basipterygium; bs, basal segment; dm, dorsal marginal cartilage; dt2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; vm, ventral marginal cartilage; vt, ventral terminal cartilage.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 4. Live and freshly caught specimens of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp., showing variation in dorsal color pattern. A) From aquabr.com.br/artigos/peixes/arraia-de-agua-doce. B–E) From R. Hardwick (specimens in D are neonates; note great height of dorsal finfold in tail above specimen in E). F–G) Courtesy of N. Labbish Chao (note distinct amphora-shaped mark on disc center in G).

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 9. Aspects of the skeletal anatomy and dermal denticles and spines of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp., from radiographs in dorsoventral view. A) Head region (adult male paratype, MZUSP 117806, 367 mm TL). B) Right scapular region (specimen as in A). C) Right pelvic fin and adult clasper (specimen as in A). D) Base of tail region, showing distribution and development of dermal denticles and spines (paratype, MZUSP 117804, adult female, 325 mm TL). E) Tail and pelvic region, showing dermal denticles, spines, and caudal sting (paratype, MZUSP 104962, adult female, 345 mm TL). Abbreviations: ac, angular cartilage; apr, anterior segment of propterygium; at, accessory terminal cartilage; ax, axial cartilage; bp, basipterygium; cs, caudal sting; dm, dorsal marginal cartilage; dt2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; fpf, frontoparietal fontanelle; hyo, hyomandibula; mc, Meckel's cartilage; no, nasal opening (nasal aperture); mes, mesoterygium; met, metapterygium; pcf, precerebral fontanelle; pro, propterygium; prp, preorbital process; psc, prespiracular cartilage; scp, scapular process; vm, ventral marginal cartilage; vt, ventral terminal cartilage.

FIGURE 14. Typical habitats where Potamotrygon wallacei n in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 14. Typical habitats where Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. is common. Upper left: Igarapé Daraquá, near the mouth of Rio Itu, left bank of the Rio Negro just above Barcelos (AM, Brazil). Upper right: typical flooded forest ("igapó") habitat (Rio Itu). Lower left: live specimen resting in a tank in the Rio Itu, showing its great transparency. Lower right: Igarapé Cazurucu, affluent of Rio Itu.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 8. Ventral lateral-line canals of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. (paratype, MZUSP 117806, adult male, 367 mm TL). Abbreviations: ajl, anterior jugular loop; ast, anterior subpleural tubules; hyoc, hyomandibular canal; ioc, infraorbital canal; iol, infraorbital loop; jug, jugular canal; man, mandibular canal; pjl, posterior jugular loop; pnl, prenasal loop; pst, posterior subpleural tubule; soc, supraorbital canal; sol, suborbital loop; spl, subpleural loop.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp., freshly captured specimen with heavy mucus cover (about 340 mm TL, 230 mm DW; Rio Cuari, Rio Negro basin; photo courtesy of N. Labbish Chao).

Distribution. Widespread in the upper Amazon, extending from NW Brazil (W of rios Negro, upper Uaupés, and Amazonas-Solimoes) into SE Colombia (S of the Rio Tomo in the Orinoco Basin, and perhaps the upper Rio Guyabero), and S into the Ecuadorian Amazon and NE Peru (to the N bank of the rios Maranon and Amazonas, W as far as the Rio Chinchipe); it occurs also S of the Rio Solimoes in a small area on the lower Rio Purus. Ma's Night Monkey (A. nancymaae) replaces it in a small enclave N of the Rio Maranon between the lower rios Tigre and Pastaza. in Aotidae

Distribution. Widespread in the upper Amazon, extending from NW Brazil (W of rios Negro, upper Uaupés, and Amazonas-Solimoes) into SE Colombia (S of the Rio Tomo in the Orinoco Basin, and perhaps the upper Rio Guyabero), and S into the Ecuadorian Amazon and NE Peru (to the N bank of the rios Maranon and Amazonas, W as far as the Rio Chinchipe); it occurs also S of the Rio Solimoes in a small area on the lower Rio Purus. Ma's Night Monkey (A. nancymaae) replaces it in a small enclave N of the Rio Maranon between the lower rios Tigre and Pastaza.

Distribution. Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes and W of the Rio TapajosJuruena to the right bank of the Rio Guaporé and the left (N) bank of the Rio Madre de Dios in N Bolivia, also in SE Peru W to the Rio Huallaga and N as far the Rio Cushabatay at about 07° S. in Aotidae

Distribution. Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes and W of the Rio TapajosJuruena to the right bank of the Rio Guaporé and the left (N) bank of the Rio Madre de Dios in N Bolivia, also in SE Peru W to the Rio Huallaga and N as far the Rio Cushabatay at about 07° S.

Subspecies and Distribution. A. a. azarae Humboldt, 1812 — SC Brazil (Pantanal), S Bolivia (Banados del Izozog), Paraguay (S & W Chaco, W of the Rio Paraguay), and N Argentina (provinces of Chaco & Formosa). A. a. boliviensis Elliot, 1907 — SE Peru (S of the rios Madre de Dios and Inambari) and Bolivia E of the Andes (from the Rio Madre de Dios S to the Banados del Izozog in the border region with Paraguay). A. a. infulatus Kuhl, 1820 — Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas (but with a small enclave in the SE tip of Amapa State), including Marajo and Caviana Is, extending E in the state of Maranhao as far as the Rio Parnaiba, S along the W bank of Rio Tocantins to the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, W limits are marked by the rios Tapajos and Juruena. in Aotidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. a. azarae Humboldt, 1812 — SC Brazil (Pantanal), S Bolivia (Banados del Izozog), Paraguay (S & W Chaco, W of the Rio Paraguay), and N Argentina (provinces of Chaco & Formosa). A. a. boliviensis Elliot, 1907 — SE Peru (S of the rios Madre de Dios and Inambari) and Bolivia E of the Andes (from the Rio Madre de Dios S to the Banados del Izozog in the border region with Paraguay). A. a. infulatus Kuhl, 1820 — Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas (but with a small enclave in the SE tip of Amapa State), including Marajo and Caviana Is, extending E in the state of Maranhao as far as the Rio Parnaiba, S along the W bank of Rio Tocantins to the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, W limits are marked by the rios Tapajos and Juruena.

Distribution. Amazonian Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, W of the rios Tapajos-Teles Pires to the Rio Ucayali in NE Peru (where it is replaced by A. belzebuth on the left bank of the lower Ucayali); it crosses the middle Ucayali S of the Rio Cushabatay (a left bank tributary of the Ucayali), extending to the interfluvium of the rios Ucayali and Huallaga, then S along the Cordillera Oriental, and into N & C Bolivia S to ¢.17° S, and from there, NE through Noel Kempff Mercado National Park. in Atelidae

Distribution. Amazonian Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, W of the rios Tapajos-Teles Pires to the Rio Ucayali in NE Peru (where it is replaced by A. belzebuth on the left bank of the lower Ucayali); it crosses the middle Ucayali S of the Rio Cushabatay (a left bank tributary of the Ucayali), extending to the interfluvium of the rios Ucayali and Huallaga, then S along the Cordillera Oriental, and into N & C Bolivia S to ¢.17° S, and from there, NE through Noel Kempff Mercado National Park.

Subspecies and Distribution. L. lL. lagothricha Humboldt, 1812 — SE Colombia, NE Ecuador, NW Brazil, and N Peru, from the Cordillera Oriental, N of the rios Napo and Amazonas, to the Rio Uva, a N bank affluent of the Rio Guaviare (Vichada Department, Colombia), E to the Rio Orinoco and upper Rio Negro to the Venezuelan border and NW Brazil; it is not known if it occurs in Venezuela. L. [. lugens Elliot, 1907 — Colombia, E of the Rio Atrato, throughout the Cordillera Oriental, W of the Rio Ariari (Meta Department), and parts of the Cordillera Central to the northernmost parts of the Serrania de San Lucas (SE Bolivar & N Antioquia departments), in some places up to elevations of 3000 m, and northward in the piedmont forest (now mostly destroyed) to the Rio Arauca (Arauca Department); there is no evidence thatits occurs in neighboring SW Venezuela. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L. lL. lagothricha Humboldt, 1812 — SE Colombia, NE Ecuador, NW Brazil, and N Peru, from the Cordillera Oriental, N of the rios Napo and Amazonas, to the Rio Uva, a N bank affluent of the Rio Guaviare (Vichada Department, Colombia), E to the Rio Orinoco and upper Rio Negro to the Venezuelan border and NW Brazil; it is not known if it occurs in Venezuela. L. [. lugens Elliot, 1907 — Colombia, E of the Rio Atrato, throughout the Cordillera Oriental, W of the Rio Ariari (Meta Department), and parts of the Cordillera Central to the northernmost parts of the Serrania de San Lucas (SE Bolivar & N Antioquia departments), in some places up to elevations of 3000 m, and northward in the piedmont forest (now mostly destroyed) to the Rio Arauca (Arauca Department); there is no evidence thatits occurs in neighboring SW Venezuela.

Distribution. The Guianas, N Brazil (E of the Rio Negro and N of the Rio Amazonas, also on Gurupa I in the Amazon estuary), and S Venezuela (Rio Cassiquiare to the Rio Orinoco). in Atelidae

Distribution. The Guianas, N Brazil (E of the Rio Negro and N of the Rio Amazonas, also on Gurupa I in the Amazon estuary), and S Venezuela (Rio Cassiquiare to the Rio Orinoco).

Distribution. NC Brazil (states of Amazonas and Para), S of the Rio Amazonas between the Rios Madeira and Tapajos; there are outlying populations at Oriximina and Obidos on the N bank the Rio Amazonas and at Lago Janauaca, just S of the Rio Solimoes between the rios Coari and Purus. in Atelidae

Distribution. NC Brazil (states of Amazonas and Para), S of the Rio Amazonas between the Rios Madeira and Tapajos; there are outlying populations at Oriximina and Obidos on the N bank the Rio Amazonas and at Lago Janauaca, just S of the Rio Solimoes between the rios Coari and Purus.

Distribution. Endemic to the Brazilian Amazon (states of Mato Grosso and Para), S of the lower Rio Amazonas between the rios Tapajos and Teles Pires (right banks) in the W and the Rio Xingu (left bank) in the E; the upper Rio Teles Pires and the Serra do Cachimbo mark the S limits to its distribution. in Atelidae

Distribution. Endemic to the Brazilian Amazon (states of Mato Grosso and Para), S of the lower Rio Amazonas between the rios Tapajos and Teles Pires (right banks) in the W and the Rio Xingu (left bank) in the E; the upper Rio Teles Pires and the Serra do Cachimbo mark the S limits to its distribution.

Distribution. The Guianas (E of the Essequibo River, but excluding the lowland coastal plains) and NE Brazil (N of the Rio Amazonas and E of the rios Negro and Branco); its occurrence W of the Essequibo and in Venezuela is doubtful. in Atelidae

Distribution. The Guianas (E of the Essequibo River, but excluding the lowland coastal plains) and NE Brazil (N of the Rio Amazonas and E of the rios Negro and Branco); its occurrence W of the Essequibo and in Venezuela is doubtful.

Distribution. Not well known, but includes S Venezuela (upper Orinoco Basin, limited by the Llanos/forest interface to the W and by the left bank of the Rio Caura in the E), NW Brazil (N of the Rio Solimoes as far as the mouth of the Rio Japura, E to the Rio Negro, throughout the region N of the Rio Negro and W of the Rio Branco in Amazonas and Roraimastates), E Colombia (in the piedmont of the Cordillera Oriental as far N as the Rio Upia drainage in Boyaca Department, including the region of Sierra de la Macarena, E Meta Department, and S to the Coehmani rapids of the Rio Caqueta in the SE of Caqueta Department; it is rare W of the Rio Yari and has been seen on the upper Rio Mesay, opposite the mouth of the Rio Pira-Parana on the right bank of the Rio Apaporis, and the lower right bank of the Apaporis), E Ecuador and NE Peru (restricted to the S of the Rio Napo, extending into N Peru between the rios Putumayo and Amazonas, along the left bank of the Rio Ucayali, and including the basins of the rios Napo, Tigre, Maranén, Pastaza, Pacaya, and Samiria, S as far as the Rio Cushabatay, a tributary of the Rio Ucayali). in Atelidae

Distribution. Not well known, but includes S Venezuela (upper Orinoco Basin, limited by the Llanos/forest interface to the W and by the left bank of the Rio Caura in the E), NW Brazil (N of the Rio Solimoes as far as the mouth of the Rio Japura, E to the Rio Negro, throughout the region N of the Rio Negro and W of the Rio Branco in Amazonas and Roraimastates), E Colombia (in the piedmont of the Cordillera Oriental as far N as the Rio Upia drainage in Boyaca Department, including the region of Sierra de la Macarena, E Meta Department, and S to the Coehmani rapids of the Rio Caqueta in the SE of Caqueta Department; it is rare W of the Rio Yari and has been seen on the upper Rio Mesay, opposite the mouth of the Rio Pira-Parana on the right bank of the Rio Apaporis, and the lower right bank of the Apaporis), E Ecuador and NE Peru (restricted to the S of the Rio Napo, extending into N Peru between the rios Putumayo and Amazonas, along the left bank of the Rio Ucayali, and including the basins of the rios Napo, Tigre, Maranén, Pastaza, Pacaya, and Samiria, S as far as the Rio Cushabatay, a tributary of the Rio Ucayali).

Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. cana E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 — Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, between the rios Jurua and Tapajos-Juruena, but restricted to the left bank of the Rio Madeira above the mouth of the Rio Jiparana (a right bank tributary), and to the right bank of the Rio Jiparana, S to ¢.12° S, and W along the N (left bank) of the Rio Abuna on the upper Rio Madeira. L. c. tschudii Pucheran, 1857 — SE Peru, its range is poorly known butis believed to extend between the rios Pachitea and Ucayali, S from the Rio Inuya, W as far as the Rio Inambari, and S to both sides of the Rio Madre de Dios into the Rio Tambopata Basin, to the frontier with Bolivia, with an isolated population in Madidi National Park. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. cana E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812 — Brazilian Amazon, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, between the rios Jurua and Tapajos-Juruena, but restricted to the left bank of the Rio Madeira above the mouth of the Rio Jiparana (a right bank tributary), and to the right bank of the Rio Jiparana, S to ¢.12° S, and W along the N (left bank) of the Rio Abuna on the upper Rio Madeira. L. c. tschudii Pucheran, 1857 — SE Peru, its range is poorly known butis believed to extend between the rios Pachitea and Ucayali, S from the Rio Inuya, W as far as the Rio Inambari, and S to both sides of the Rio Madre de Dios into the Rio Tambopata Basin, to the frontier with Bolivia, with an isolated population in Madidi National Park.