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2,245 results for “risk factors”
Behavioural ecology meets oncology: quantifying the recovery of animal behaviour to a transient exposure to a cancer risk factor
<p>Wildlife is increasingly exposed to sublethal transient cancer risk factors, including mutagenic substances, which activate their anti-cancer defences, promote tumourigenesis, and may negatively impact populations. Little is known about how exposure to cancer risk factors impacts the behaviour of wildlife. Here, we investigated the effects of a sublethal, short-term exposure to a carcinogen at environmentally relevant concentrations on the activity patterns of wild <em>Girardia tigrina</em> planaria during a two-phase experiment, consisting of a 7-day exposure to cadmium period followed by a 7-day recovery period. To comprehensively explore the effects of the exposure on activity patterns, we employed the double hierarchical generalized linear model framework which explicitly models residual intraindividual variability in addition to the mean and variance of the population. We found that exposed planaria were less active compared to unexposed individuals and were able to recover to pre-exposure activity levels albeit with a reduced variance in activity at the start of the recovery phase. Planaria showing high activity levels were less predictable with larger daily activity variations and higher residual variance. Thus, the shift in behavioural variability induced by an exposure to a cancer risk factor can be quantified using advanced tools from the field of behavioural ecology. This is required to understand how tumourous processes affect the ecology of species.</p>
Pathogen group-specific risk factors for intra-mammary infection in water buffalo
<p>A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of intra-mammary infection (IMI) associated bacteria and to identify risk factors for pathogen group-specific IMI in water buffalo in Bangladesh. A California Mastitis Test (CMT) and bacteriological cultures were performed on 1,374 quarter milk samples collected from 763 water buffalo from 244 buffalo farms in nine districts in Bangladesh. Quarter, buffalo, and farm-related data were obtained through questionnaires and visual observations. A total of 618 quarter samples were found to be culture-positive. Non-<em>aureus</em> staphylococci were the predominant IMI-associated bacterial species, and <em>Staphylococcus </em>(<em>S.</em>)<em> chromogenes</em>, <em>S. hyicus</em>, and <em>S. epidermidis </em>were the most common bacteria found. The proportion of non-aureus staphylococci or <em>Mammaliicoccus sciuri</em> (NASM), <em>S. aureus</em>, and other bacterial species identified in the buffalo quarter samples varied between buffalo farms. Therefore, different management practices, buffalo breeding factors, and nutrition were considered and further analyzed when estimating the IMI odds ratio (OR). The odds of IMI by any pathogen (OR: 1.8) or by NASM (OR: 2.2) were high in buffalo herds with poor milking hygiene. Poor cleanliness of the hind quarters had a high odds of IMI caused by any pathogen (OR: 2.0) or NASM (OR: 1.9). Twice daily milking (OR: 3.1) and farms with buffalo purchased from another herd (OR: 2.0) were associated with IMI by any pathogen. Asymmetrical udders were associated with IMI-caused by any bacteria (OR: 1.7). A poor body condition score showed higher odds of IMI by any pathogen (OR: 1.4) or by NASM (OR: 1.7). This study shows that the prevalence of IMI in water buffalo was high and varied between farms. In accordance with the literature, our data highlight that IMI can be partly controlled through better farm management, primarily by improving hygiene, milking management, breeding, and nutrition.</p>
Early Detection Of Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Definition Of Psychosocial Profile In Women Through A Systematic Approach: The Monzino Women Heart Center's Experience
<p>The raw dataset is related to the analysis of CV risk factors and psychosocial profile in women enrolled in a CV prevention program </p>
A protective HLA extended haplotype outweighs the major COVID-19 risk factor inherited from Neanderthals in the Sardinian population
<p>Sardinia has one of the lowest incidences of hospitalization and related mortality in Europe. In this dataset we reported 358 patients with COVID-19, in which we evaluated the frequency of the Neanderthal risk locus variant on chromosome 3 (rs35044562), considered to be a major risk factor for a severe SARS-CoV-2 disease course.</p>
Psychiatric manifestations and associated risk factors among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Edo State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study
<p>The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had devastating effects globally. These effects are likely to result in mental health problems at different levels. Although studies have reported the mental health burden of the pandemic on the general population and frontline health workers, the impact of the disease on the mental health of patients in COVID-19 treatment and isolation centres have been understudied in Africa.</p> <p>We estimated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated risk factors in hospitalized persons with COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 489 patients with COVID-19 at the three government-designated treatment and isolation centres in Edo State, Nigeria. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) tool were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to determine risk factors of depression and anxiety. Results Of the 489 participants, 49.1% and 38.0% had depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and combination of both were 16.2%, 12.9% and 9.0% respectively. Moderate-severe symptoms of COVID-19, ≥14 days in isolation, worrying about the outcome of infection and stigma increased the risk of having depression and anxiety. Additionally, being separated/divorced increased the risk of having depression and having comorbidity increased the risk of having anxiety.</p> <p>A substantial proportion of our participants experienced depression, anxiety and a combination of both especially in those who had the risk factors we identified. The findings underscore the need to address modifiable risk factors for psychiatric manifestations early in the course of the disease and integrate mental health interventions and psychosocial support into COVID-19 management guidelines. --</p>
Hormone receptors AR, ER, PR and growth factor receptor Her-2 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with overall survival, disease-free survival and 10-year survival in a high-risk population
<p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) comprises most of head and neck neoplasms and is one of the highest-ranking and lethal cancers in Pakistan due to prevailing mouth habits. Growth and hormonal receptors act as prognostic markers and targets for therapy in some cancers, but their application in OSCC is largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of growth and hormonal receptors in OSCC patients and correlate it with 10-year, overall and disease-free survival. To achieve this objective, immunohistochemistry for Her-2, AR, ER and PR was performed on 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary OSCC specimens. Receptor expression was correlated with mouth habits and clinicopathological features and patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression univariate analysis. We observed that in 100 patients, there were 57 males and 43 females. Immunopositive Her-2 expression was observed in 21% of patients, AR in 13%, ER in 3% and 0% for PR. Patients with betel quid/areca nut mouth habits had significantly absent Her-2 expression (P=0.035). Also, Her-2 negative patients were also negative for AR expression (P=0.002). Her-2 positive patients had poor 10-year survival (P=0.041). A trend of low survival and high recurrence rate was observed in AR positive patients, but this was not significant (P=0.072). No statistically relevant correlations were seen in the case of ER and PR. In conclusion, Her-2 may be a valuable marker for predicting long-term prognosis of OSCC patients.</p>
Risk Factors of Non-specific Low Back Pain in a Rural Community of Bangladesh
<p><strong>Risk Factors of Non-specific Low Back Pain in a Rural Community of Bangladesh</strong></p>
Meliodosis risk factors, Udupi, India, 2018
<p>We initiated an epidemiological investigation following the death of a previously healthy 17 year-old boy with neuro-melioidosis. A case was defined as a culture-confirmed melioidosis patient from Udupi district admitted to hospital A from January 2013 - July 2018. For the case control study, we enrolled a subset of cases admitted to hospital A from January 2017- July 2018. A control was resident of Udupi district admitted to hospital A in July 2018 with a non-infectious condition. Using a matched case-control design, we compared each case to 3 controls using age and sex groups. We assessed for risk factors related to water storage, activities of daily living, injuries and environmental exposures (three months prior to hospitalization), using conditional regression analysis. We identified 50 cases with case fatality rate 16%. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus was present in 84% cases and 66% of cases occurred between May and October (rainy season). Percutaneous inoculation through exposure to stagnant water and injury leading to breakage in the skin were identified as an important mode of transmission. We used these findings to develop a surveillance case definition and initiated training of the district laboratory for melioidosis diagnosis.</p>
Data reported in development and cross-validation of a veterans mental health risk factor screen
<p>Background. VA primary care patients are routinely screened for current symptoms of PTSD, depression, and alcohol disorders, but many who screen positive do not engage in care. In addition to stigma about mental disorders and a high value on autonomy, some veterans may not seek care because of uncertainty about whether they need treatment to recover. A screen for mental health risk could provide an alternative motivation for patients to engage in care.</p> <p>Results. Twelve items assessing dissociation, emotional lability, life stress, and moral injury correctly classified 86% of those who later had elevated PTSD and/or depression symptoms (sensitivity) and 75% of those whose later symptoms were not elevated (specificity). Performance was also very good for 110 veterans who identified as members of ethnic/racial minorities.</p> <p>Conclusions. Mental health status was prospectively predicted in VA primary care patients with high accuracy using a screen that is brief, easy to administer, score, and interpret, and fits well into VA's integrated primary care. When care is readily accessible, appealing to veterans, and not perceived as stigmatizing, information about mental health risk may result in higher rates of engagement than information about current mental disorder status.</p>
Fig. 1 in Systematic review of modifiable risk factors shows little evidential support for most current practices in Cryptosporidium management in bovine calves
Fig. 1 Study selection procedure
Data from: Non-inheritable risk factors during pregnancy for congenital heart defects in offspring: a matched case-control study
<p>Data analyzed in "Non-inheritable risk factors during pregnancy for congenital heart defects in offspring: a matched case-control study". The data provided by the authors to benefit other researchers. The posted materials are not copyedited and are the sole responsibility of the authors, so questions should be addressed to the corresponding author.</p>
Fig. 1 in Predicting the risk of Alaria alata infestation in wild boar on the basis of environmental factors
Fig. 1. The trend in prevalence of A. alata in provinces with WETLANDS.
Risk of Dementia and Its Associated Factors Among the Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Attending a Tertiary Cardiac Hospital of Dhaka City: A Cross-sectional Study
<p>This data set of research assessed the risk of dementia among patients with coronary artery disease.</p>
Raw Data for the article: Risk factors for bile leakage after liver resection for neoplastic disease
<p>Biliary leakage (BL) remains the most frequent and feared complication after hepatoresective surgery. Placement of the abdominal drainage at the end of liver surgery remains controversial due to the delicate balance between risks and potential benefits in case of BL. The study was aimed to detect possible risk factors for BL occurrence after liver surgery. We enrolled all oncologic patients who underwent liver resection from June 2016 to March 2021. BL was diagnosed according to the ISGLS definition. We have examined demographic characteristics of the patients, type of neoplasia, presence of cirrhosis, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and type of intervention. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the predictive value of potential predictor of BL. A total of 379 patients were enrolled in the study, 16 (4.2%) of which developed BL. Among others, at univariate analysis the occurrence of BL was found to be associated with bilio-digestive anastomosis (OR: 9.75, C.I. 2.7-34.7, p < 0.001) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR: 0.09, C.I 0.01,-0.88, p = 0.039). Multivariable analysis selected the body mass index (OR: 1.21, 95%C.I.: 1.04-1.41, p = 0.015), anatomical resection (OR: 8.35, 95% C.I.: 2.01-34.74, p = 0.004), and blood loss (OR: 1.09, 95%C.I.: 1.05-1.13, p < 0.001). Identification of patients at greater risk of BL can help in the choice of positioning the drainage at the end of liver surgery.</p>
Non-allergic eye rubbing is a major behavioral risk factor for keratoconus
<p>This is the Minimal Data Set for the manuscript 'Non-allergic eye rubbing is a major behavioral risk factor for keratoconus' by Jaskiewicz et al. in PLOS ONE.</p> <p>Supplementary Table 1. Study results. Clinical, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic data of the examined patients with KTCN and control individuals.<br> Supplementary Table 2. Study results. The selected environmental, behavioral, and transcriptomic data (in TPM, transcript per million) of the cone (central) region of the corneal epithelium (CE) of 23 KTCN patients and five control individuals.</p>
Risk factors that modifies the familial aggregation of the cervix-uterine cancer in affected individuals
<p>Base de datos</p>
Data for: The impact of wildlife and environmental factors on hantavirus infection in host and its translation into human risk
<p><span>Identifying factors that drive infection dynamics in reservoir host populations is essential in understanding human risk from wildlife-originated zoonoses. We studied zoonotic <em>Puumala</em> <em>orthohantavirus</em> (PUUV) in the host, the bank vole (<em>Myodes</em> <em>glareolus</em>), populations in relation to the host population, rodent and predator community and environment-related factors and whether these processes are translated into human infection incidence. We used 5-year rodent trapping and bank vole PUUV serology data collected from 30 sites located in 24 municipalities in Finland. We found that PUUV seroprevalence was negatively associated with the abundance of red foxes, but this process did not translate into human disease incidence, which showed no association with PUUV seroprevalence. The abundance of weasels, the proportion of juvenile bank voles in the host populations and rodent species diversity were negatively associated with the abundance index of PUUV-positive bank voles, which, in turn, showed a positive association with human disease incidence. Our results suggest certain predators, high proportion of young bank vole individuals and a diverse rodent community, may reduce PUUV risk for humans through their negative impacts on the abundance of infected bank voles.</span></p>
Molecular epidemiology and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in long-term care residents
<div class="abstract-content selected"> <p><strong class="sub-title"> Objectives: </strong> We aimed to assess the burden of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales in Swiss long-term care facilities (LTCFs) to describe the molecular epidemiology, describe the intra-institutional and regional clusters of resistant pathogens, and identify independent institution- and resident-level factors associated with colonization.</p> <p><strong class="sub-title"> Design: </strong> Cross-sectional study.</p> <p><strong class="sub-title"> Setting and participants: </strong> From August to October 2019, we performed a point prevalence study among residents from 16 LTCFs in Western and Eastern Switzerland (8 per region).</p> <p><strong class="sub-title"> Methods: </strong> Residents underwent screening for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E); whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed. We gathered institution-level (eg, number of beds, staff-resident ratio, alcoholic hand rub consumption) and resident-level [eg, anthropometric data, time in facility, dependency, health care exposure, antibiotic treatment, proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) use] characteristics. Factors associated with colonization were identified using a generalized linear model.</p> <p><strong class="sub-title"> Results: </strong> Among 1185 eligible residents, 606 (51%) consented to the study. ESBL-E prevalence was 11.6% (70/606), ranging from 1.9% to 33.3% between institutions, with a median of 12.5% in the West and 6.9% in the East (P = .03). Among 59 <em>Escherichia</em> <em>coli</em> (from 58 residents), multilocus sequence type (ST) 131 was most common (n = 43/59, 73%), predominantly its subclone H30R1 (n = 37/43, 86%). WGS data identified multiple intra-institutional and regional clusters. Independent risk factors for ESBL carriage were previous ESBL colonization [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 23.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.6–83.8, P < .001), male gender (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.6, P = .002), and use of PPIs (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–3.8, P = .01).</p> <p><strong class="sub-title"> Conclusions and implications: </strong> Overall ESBL-E prevalence in Swiss LTCF residents is low. Yet, we identified several clusters of residents with identical pathogens within the same institution. This implies that particularly affected institutions might benefit from targeted infection control interventions. PPI use was the only modifiable factor associated with carriage of ESBL producers. This study adds to the growing list of adverse outcomes associated with PPIs, calling for action to restrict their use in the long-term care setting.</p> </div>
Burden of cardiometabolic risk factors and preclinical target organ damage among adults in Freetown, Sierra Leone: a community-based health-screening survey
<p>The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs), target organ damage and its associated factors among adults in Freetown, Sierra Leone.</p> <p><strong>Design</strong></p> <p>This community-based cross-sectional study used a stratified multistage random sampling method to recruit adult participants. </p> <p><strong>Setting </strong></p> <p>The health screening study was conducted between October 2019 and October 2021 in Western Area Urban, Freetown, Sierra Leone. </p> <p><strong>Participants</strong></p> <p>A total of 2394 adults Sierra Leoneans aged 20 years, or more were enrolled.</p> <p><strong>Outcome measure </strong></p> <p>Anthropometric data, fasting lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, target organ damage, clinical profiles and demographic characteristic of participants were described. The cardiometabolic risks were further related to target organ damage.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>The prevalence of known CMRFs was 35.3% for hypertension, 8.3% for diabetes mellitus, 21.1% for dyslipidemia, 10.0% for obesity, 13.4% for smoking and 37.9% for alcohol. Additionally, 16.1% had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by ECG, 14.2% had LVH by 2D-Echo while 11.4% had chronic kidney disease. Diabetes [OR = 1.176, 95% C.I. (0.759 - 1.823)] and dyslipidaemia [OR = 1.844, 95% C.I. (1.006 -3.380)] were independently associated with LVH. LVH by Echo shows an independent association with diabetes mellitus [OR =1.176, 95% C.I (0.759-1.823)] and dyslipidemia [OR = 1.844, 95% C.I (1.006-3.380)]. The odds of having CKD were associated with diabetes mellitus [OR =1.212, 95% CI (0.741-1.983)] and hypertension [OR =1.163, 95% CI (0.887-1.525)]. A low optimal cut-off points for ECG-LVH (male 24.5 vs female 27.5mm) was required to maximize sensitivity and specificity. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>This study provides novel data-driven information on the burden of cardiometabolic risks and its association with preclinical target organ damage in a resource limited setting. It illustrates the need for interventions in improve cardiometabolic health screening and management among adults in Sierra Leoneans. </p>
Sex-disaggregated Analysis of Risk Factors of COVID-19 Mortality Rates in India
<p>This Zenodo resource contains the data used to perform analysis in the article "Sex-disaggregated Analysis of Risk Factors of COVID-19 Mortality Rates in India".</p> <p>Data</p> <p>The data is organized in the form of tables.</p> <p>hypothesis-test-data</p> <p>This table contains data used to perform the two tailed hypothesis test on gender mortality in different regions.</p> <pre><code>* Region * Male_Deaths - Number of male COVID-19 deaths in region. * Female_Deaths - Number of female COVID-19 deaths in region. * Male_cases - Number of male COVID-19 positive in region. * Female_cases - Number of female COVID-19 positive in region. </code></pre> <p>lasso-covid19India</p> <p>This table contains data used for analysis on cases throughout India.</p> <p>Columns from COVID-19 India data</p> <pre><code>* State_Code * State * District * Confirmed * Active * Recovered * Deceased </code></pre> <p>Columns taken from NFHS data</p> <pre><code>* Sex_ratio_of_the_total_population_females_per_1000_males * Women_whose_Body_Mass_Index_BMI_is_below_normal_BMI__185_kgm214_ * Men_whose_Body_Mass_Index_BMI_is_below_normal_BMI__185_kgm2_ * Women_who_are_overweight_or_obese_BMI__250_kgm214_ * Men_who_are_overweight_or_obese_BMI__250_kgm2_ * All_women_age_1549_years_who_are_anaemic_ * Men_age_1549_years_who_are_anaemic_130_gdl_ * Women_Blood_sugar_level__high_140_mgdl_ * Men_Blood_sugar_level__high_140_mgdl_ * Women_Very_high_Systolic_180_mm_of_Hg_andor_Diastolic_110_mm_of_Hg_ * Men_Very_high_Systolic_180_mm_of_Hg_andor_Diastolic_110_mm_of_Hg_ </code></pre> <p>lasso-KA+TN-bulletin</p> <p>This table contains data used for analysis on the sub-cohort of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.</p> <p>Data from Media Bulletin</p> <pre><code>* District * Total_Positives * total_deaths * male_deaths * female_deaths * Male_cases_in_data * Female_cases_in_data </code></pre> <p>Calculated Data</p> <pre><code>* Estimated_Male_cases - Estimated male cases using total positives column and existing case data * Estimated_Female_Cases - Estimated female cases using total positives column and existing case data * Male_Mortality - Estimated Male Cases / male_deaths * Female_Mortality - Estimated Female Cases / female_deaths </code></pre> <p>Columns taken from NFHS data</p> <pre><code>* Sex_Ratio_females_every_1000_males * State Women_whose_Body_Mass_Index_BMI_is_below_normal_BMI__185_kgm214_ * Men_whose_Body_Mass_Index_BMI_is_below_normal_BMI__185_kgm2_ * Women_who_are_overweight_or_obese_BMI__250_kgm214_ * Men_who_are_overweight_or_obese_BMI__250_kgm2_ * All_women_age_1549_years_who_are_anaemic_ * Men_age_1549_years_who_are_anaemic_130_gdl_ * Women_Blood_sugar_level__high_140_mgdl_ * Men_Blood_sugar_level__high_140_mgdl_ * Women_Very_high_Systolic_180_mm_of_Hg_andor_Diastolic_110_mm_of_Hg_ * Men_Very_high_Systolic_180_mm_of_Hg_andor_Diastolic_110_mm_of_Hg_ </code></pre> <p>Code</p> <p>The code is available at this <a href="https://github.com/harishpb26/Sex-disaggregated-Analysis-of-Risk-Factors-of-COVID-19-Mortality-Rates-in-India">Github Repository</a>.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.