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109 results for “rocky shore”
Determination of mean effective shore level to delineate periods of emersion and immersion for intertidal rocky shores
<p>This dataset contains data described in the paper entitled "Environmental filtering causes increasingly negative effects towards the range limit of an invasive mussel". Data include: the R script to estimate temperature thresholds and calculate effective shore levels (<strong>esl_function.R</strong>); data files associated with this R script (<strong>material.RData</strong>); mean effective shore levels determined for the five South African rocky-shore sites where submersible temperature data loggers were installed (<strong>esl_overall_results.csv</strong>); measurements of mussel shell lengths, level of endolithic infestation, and counts of epibionts on the basibiont mussel <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> (<strong>mussel_data.csv</strong>); counts of barnacles (<em>Chthamalus dentatus</em>) and mussels (<em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> and <em>Perna perna</em>) on emersed rocks using 50 × 50 cm quadrats and counts of mussels (<em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em> and <em>Perna perna</em>) in mono-layer mixed-species mussel patches using 25 × 25 cm quadrats (<strong>quadrat_data.csv</strong>); hourly temperatures recorded by submersible temperature data loggers (<em>EnvLogger</em> Version 2.4; precision of ≤ 0.1 ºC and accuracy of ≤ 0.2 ºC) from September 2019 to September 2020 at the five South African rocky-shore sites (<strong>temperature_data.csv</strong>); and 2019 and 2020 hourly tidal predictions (courtesy of the South African Navy Hydrographic Office) for the closest maritime port to the sites where the temperature data loggers were installed (<strong>tide_data.csv</strong>).</p>
Data and Code for: Biogeographic variation in mussel shell thickness and drilling predation on rocky shores
<p><strong><u><span>Abstract: </span></u></strong></p> <p><span>Predator and prey species are often distributed over broad geographic ranges where reciprocal selection can shape the interactions between them. However, few studies have addressed how environmentally-driven variation in prey traits might create a landscape of selection that shapes the evolution of predator traits. We investigated whether variation in the drilling capacity of a predatory snail (the channeled dogwhelk, <em>Nucella canaliculata</em>) is associated with variation in prey defenses (mussel shell thickness) over ~1,000 km of coastline in the northeast Pacific. To test this hypothesis, we first hatched and raised snails from 6 populations under common laboratory conditions for a year. We then challenged these naïve snails with a series of mussels (<em>Mytilus californianus</em>) of increasing shell thickness to quantify their maximum drilling capabilities. Dogwhelks from California drilled mussels that were up to 3.4 times thicker than those handled by dogwhelks from Oregon. To quantify the spatial mosaic of mussel shell thickness, we analyzed <em>M. californianus</em> shells collected from the same six sites during three time periods (2000-2001, 2008-2009 and 2019). In the two earlier sampling periods, mussels from the central Oregon coast were consistently and substantially thicker than those from California. Thus, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that prey defenses vary across the overlapping geographic ranges of these species, with the potential for strong prey-driven selection on the predator in California, and a co-evolutionary cold spot on the Oregon coast. However, relative to prior decades, mussel shells appear to be thinning, particularly on the Oregon coast. These changes are consistent with recent ocean acidification research in the northeast Pacific and may signal shifts in the selective landscape that has shaped the evolution of this dogwhelk-mussel interaction. Given the rapid pace of global environmental change, our study highlights the importance of studying species interactions within an explicit geographic context of shifting selection pressures. </span></p>
Data and Code for: An Experimental Test of Eco-evolutionary Dynamics on Rocky Shores
<p><span>Abstract: </span></p> <p><span>Despite a growing body of theoretical studies and laboratory experiments that have brought attention to the reciprocal impacts that ecological and evolutionary processes can have on one another, few studies have tested the importance of eco-evolutionary feedbacks in natural communities. We examined whether selection on natural phenotypic variation in a population of drilling dogwhelks (<em>Nucella canaliculata</em>) could impact rocky shore community dynamics. We performed a selection experiment raising newly-hatched dogwhelks on four diet treatments, reflecting natural variation in the abundance and shell thickness of prey species. Adult dogwhelks were tested in the laboratory on their ability to drill thick-shelled mussels. In addition, snails were outplanted to field cages to track the effects of dogwhelk phenotype on mussel bed succession. Despite our laboratory experiments suggesting that prey can impose selection and result in divergent consumer traits, successional patterns differed minimally based on the early-life diet of the dogwhelks.</span></p>
FIGURE 4 in Habitat Use, Feeding And Reproductive Traits Of Rocky-Shore Intertidal Mites From Bermuda (Oribatida: Fortuyniidae And Selenoribatidae)
FIGURE 4: Chronological development of egg stage of Carinozetes bermudensis. Egg attached to a grain of sand. Arrow points to egg.
FIGURE 6 in Habitat Use, Feeding And Reproductive Traits Of Rocky-Shore Intertidal Mites From Bermuda (Oribatida: Fortuyniidae And Selenoribatidae)
FIGURE 6: Photographs illustrating "floating behaviour" shown by Fortuynia atlantica; specimens floating with splayed legs on the water surface.
FIGURE 5 in Habitat Use, Feeding And Reproductive Traits Of Rocky-Shore Intertidal Mites From Bermuda (Oribatida: Fortuyniidae And Selenoribatidae)
FIGURE 5: SEM-micrographs of exochorion structures; scale bar of left column 40 µm, scale bar of right column 1 µm. A – Alismobates inexpectatus egg; B – detailed surface view of egg shown in A; C – Fortuynia atlantica egg; D – detailed surface view of egg shown in C; E – Carinozetes bermudensis egg; F – surface details of egg shown in E.
FIGURE 3 in Habitat Use, Feeding And Reproductive Traits Of Rocky-Shore Intertidal Mites From Bermuda (Oribatida: Fortuyniidae And Selenoribatidae)
FIGURE 3: Egg of Fortuynia atlantica, vertical row of pictures illustrating chronological development of egg stage. Arrow points to egg.
FIGURE 2 in Habitat Use, Feeding And Reproductive Traits Of Rocky-Shore Intertidal Mites From Bermuda (Oribatida: Fortuyniidae And Selenoribatidae)
FIGURE 2: Eggs of Alismobates inexpectatus deposited into an algal mass, arrows pointing to eggs. A – left egg shortly before eclosion showing dark colour, right egg freshly deposited with lighter colour; B – algal mass removed from egg; C – larva hatching from egg.
FIGURE 1 in Habitat Use, Feeding And Reproductive Traits Of Rocky-Shore Intertidal Mites From Bermuda (Oribatida: Fortuyniidae And Selenoribatidae)
FIGURE 1: A-C – Spermatophores of Alismobates inexpectatus; A – deposited on lateral wall of plastic box; B – deposited on alga; C – bare stalk of spermatophore shown in B; D-F – spermatophores of Carinozetes bermudensis, D-E – deposited on lateral wall of box; F – bare stalk. Arrows pointing to spermatophores and bare stalks, respectively.
Data for: Effect of seaweed canopy disturbance on understory microbial communities on rocky shores
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Determination of mean effective shore level to delineate periods of emersion and immersion for intertidal rocky shores
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Spatially varying selection amplifies intrapopulation differentiation among phenotypic traits in the rocky-shore mussel, Mytilus californianus
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Data from: The multiple roles of β–diversity help untangle community assembly processes affecting recovery of temperate rocky shores
Metacommunity theory highlights the potential of β–diversity as a useful link to empirical research, especially in diverse systems where species exhibit a range of stage-dependent dispersal characteristics. To investigate the importance of different components and scales of β–diversity in community assembly we conducted a large-scale disturbance experiment and compared relative recovery across multiple sites and among plots within sites on the rocky shore. Six sites were spread along 80 km of coastline and, at each site, 5 plots were established, matching disturbed and undisturbed quadrats. Recovery was not complete at any of the sites after 1 year for either epibenthos (mostly composed of macroalgae and, locally, mussels) or infauna. Significant differences in recovery among sites were observed for epibenthos but not for infauna suggesting different community assembly processes were operating. This was supported by epibenthos in the recovering plots having higher species turnover than in undisturbed sediment, and recovery well predicted by local diversity, while infaunal recovery was strongly influenced by the epibenthic community's habitat complexity. However, infaunal community recovery did not simply track formation of habitat by recovering epibenthos, but appeared to be overlain by within-site and among-site aspects of infaunal -diversity. These results suggest that documenting changes in the large plants and animals alone will be a poor surrogate for rocky shore community assembly processes. No role for ecological connectivity (negative effect of among-site β–diversity) in driving recovery was observed, suggesting a low risk of effects from multiple disturbances propagating along the coast, but a limited resilience at the site scale to large-scale disturbances such as landslides or oil spills.
FIGURE 6 in A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic maximum likelihood (ML) tree of a mitochondrial COI region of Chthamalus barnacles collected in the N.W. Pacific. The topologies of the ML tree and the Bayesian inference (BI) tree are essentially the same. Bootstrap statistical significance (BP) and posterior probabilities (PP) are shown at the major nodes. BP <50 and PP <0.5 are not shown.
FIGURE 5 in A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores
FIGURE 5. Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov. Morphology of mouth parts, penis and cirral setae (SEM) A. Maxilla, B. Serrulate setae on maxilla, C. Maxillule, D. Cutting edge of maxillule, E. Mandible, F. Lower margin of mandible, G. Labrum, H. Anterior margin of labrum, inner view, I. Penis, terminal part, J. Tip of penis, K. Serrulate setae on cirrus I., L. Serrulate setae on posterior side of cirrus I. Scale bars in µm.
FIGURE 4 in A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores
FIGURE 4. Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov. Morphology of cirri (SEM—A–I; light microscopy—J, K). A. Cirrus I, B. Tip of cirrus I, showing the serrulate setae, C. Serrulate setae on posterior ramus. D. Cirrus II, E. Tip of cirrus II, showing the saw-like serrulate setae, F. Serrulate setae on anterior ramus of cirrus II, G. Cirrus III, H. Intermediate segments of anterior ramus of cirrus III, I. Serrulate setae of cirrus III, J. Intermediate segments of anterior ramus of cirrus V. H. Intermediate segments of anterior ramus of cirrus VI. Scale bars in µm.
FIGURE 2 in A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores
FIGURE 2. Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov., shell morphology A. Group of individuals on shell of Megabalanus volcano, top view. B. Uneroded specimen, top view. C. Holotype, external morphology, top view. D. Shell plates, inner view. E. Scutum and tergum, inner surface. F. scutum and tergum, exterior surface. Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores
FIGURE 1. Map of Taiwan, showing collection sites of Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov. Empty circles indicate C. williamsi sp. nov. was absent from samples. Solid circle indicates sites where C. williamsi sp. nov. was collected.
FIGURE 3 in A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores
FIGURE 3. Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov. Line drawing of cirri under stereomicroscope. A. Cirrus I, B. Cirrus II, C. Cirrus III, D. Cirrus IV, E. Cirrus V, F. Cirrus VI. Scale bars in µm.
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada: Ramazzottiidae, Macrobiotidae) from the supralittoral zone of the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula rocky shores
FIGURE 7. Macrobiotus halophilus sp. nov. Hind legs of the holotype; arrows show U-shaped granular patches (A). Leg and claw I of the holotype; asterisk shows faint and slightly protruded areas (B). Egg, general view (C). Egg with detail of teeth on the processes distal discs (D). All scale bars = 10 µm.
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