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104 results for “scraping”
FIGURE 24 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 24. Anthalona verrucosa pectinata (Elías-Gutiérrez & Suárez-Morales, 1999) comb. nov. = Alona pectinata Elías- Gutiérrez & Suárez-Morales, 1999, adult parthenogenetic females from Mahajual, Mexico, Leg. A.A. Kotov. A. Habitus. B. Idem, outline. C. Head pores. D. Second antenna. E. Postabdomen. F. Idem, marginal denticles. G. Idem, basal spine. H. Idem,
FIGURE 11. Anthalona harti occidentalis ssp.n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 11. Anthalona harti occidentalis ssp.n., limbs of parthenogenetic females from Lake Télé, Mali. A. First limb. B. Idem, IDL and ODL. Idem, anterior soft setae. D. Second limb. E. Idem, sixth scraper. F. Idem, extra seta at base of fourth scraper. G. Third limb, exopodite. H. Idem, setules omitted. I. Endopodite. J. Idem, inner endite setae. K. Fourth limb. L. Fifth
FIGURE 13 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 13. Anthalona mediterranea (Yalim, 2005) comb. nov. = Alona mediterranea Yalim, 2005, parthenogenetic females reared from dried mud from Wadi Shawqah, Sharjah, UAE, Leg. K. Van Damme. SEM. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Idem, dorsal view. C. Postabdomen and endite of PIV (enIV) with flaming torch setae and detail of postabdomen armature (inset). D. Head pore arrangement and ornamentation headshield, dorsal view. Arrows indicate small or lateral pores. E. Ventral view of first limb in situ, showing positions of inner (IDL) and outer distal lobe (ODL). F. Details of first and second limb; second limb with scrapers four to eight and gnathobase (gn). The sixth scraper is typically modified with thicker teeth in Anthalona gen. n. (ms, modified scraper). First limb with setae of first and second endite (en1–2) and reduced anterior or soft setae on each endite (as1–2).
FIGURE 21 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 21. SEM Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa (Sars, 1901) comb. nov. (A–B) = Alona verrucosa Sars, 1901, Parthenogenetic females from temporary dune pools at the Lençóis Maranhenses, Brazil (comparison with Anthalona mediterranea (Yalim, 2005) from Sharjah, United Arabian Emirates (C–D)). A. Habitus. B. Detail head, labral keel and antennae. Inset, double denticle. Arrow shows modified spinules on antennal segment. C. Habitus A. mediterranea. D. Detail head, labral keel and antennae. Arrow shows homologous structures as in B, unmodified.
FIGURE 10. Anthalona harti occidentalis ssp.n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 10. Anthalona harti occidentalis ssp.n. from West Africa. Parthenogenetic females from Lake Télé, Mali and Cameroon (C). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Body outline. C. Habitus, lateral view (from Cameroon). D. Head pores. E. Posteroventral
FIGURE 29 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 29. Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in Anthalona gen. n. Parsimony analysis based on 14 morphological characters with Karualona as outgroup. The trees illustrate the hypothesis of a basal position of A. simplex n. sp. and A. brandorffi in Anthalona gen. n. Evolution of four characters plotted next to the tree. A. 50% Majority-rule consensus tree of 4598 trees with bootstrap values at nodes. The separate position of A. simplex n. sp. has high support. B. Strict consensus tree from six most parsimonious trees obtained by heuristic search, with values plotted from the 50% majority rule tree of these six (tree itself not shown). Evolution in the genus shows an increase of specialization/complexity of four synapomorphies, illustrated at the right (pores, IDL armature, sixth scraper of P2 and labral keel). The most primitive condition is found in A. simplex n. sp. Head pores in the genus show an increase of complexity in the lateral cosmaria (from simple unconstricted to involuted and constricted). Limb modifications for scraping, increase in specialization, from fine and similar setules in the basal taxa to strongly modified spines towards the crown taxa. Finally, denticles on the labral keel are absent in A. simplex n. sp. and A. brandorffi and appear in the genus together with stronger specialized scraping mechanisms. Their basal position within the genus is therefore confirmed by more than one character.
FIGURE 9. Alona harti harti ssp.n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 9. Alona harti harti ssp.n. from Southern Africa. Parthenogenetic females from Thalamakani River, Okavango Delta, Botswana. A. First limb, anterior view (ODL and IDL omitted). B. Idem, anterior view to show soft setae. C. Idem, IDL, ODL and accessory seta. D. Second limb. E. Idem, scraper six. F. Third limb, exopodite. G. Idem, setules omitted. H. Idem, endo-
FIGURE 16. Alona obtusa n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 16. Alona obtusa n. sp. Parthenogenetic females from pond at Palangka Raya University Campus, Borneo. A. Habitus. B. Body outline. C. Head shield, posterior margin with head pores. D. Posteroventral corner of valves (with ventral notch);
FIGURE 7 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 7. Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev & Hollwedel, 2002) comb.nov. Parthenogenetic females from Crooked Tree Sanctuary lagoon, Belize (A–E) and from temporary dune pools at the Lençóis Maranhenses, Brazil (F–G). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Head shield. C. First limb, inner (IDL) and outer distal lobe (ODL). D. Second limb with reduced scrapers, typical for A. brandorffi. E. Postabdomen, Belize specimen. F. Postabdomen, Lençóis specimen. G. Idem, basal spine on terminal claw.
FIGURE 19. Anthalona simplex n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 19. Anthalona simplex n. sp., parthenogenetic females from Katanga Region, DR Congo. A. First limb, anterior view, ODL and IDL not drawn. B. First limb, ODL, IDL and accessory seta. C. IDL setae and setulation. D. Second limb. E.
FIGURE 6. Anthalona acuta n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 6. Anthalona acuta n. sp., males from the Lençóis Maranhenses, Brazil. Leg. K. Van Damme. A. Habitus. B-C. Postabdomen. D. Detail first limb, with copulatory hook or clasper. Abbreviations: ch, copulatory hook, IDL, inner distal lobe, ODL, outer distal lobe.
FIGURE 8. Alona harti harti ssp.n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 8. Alona harti harti ssp.n. from Southern Africa. Parthenogenetic females from Thalamakani River, Okavango Delta, Botswana. A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Idem, body outline. C. Head pores. D. Head shield. E. Posteroventral valve corner. F.
FIGURE 4. Anthalona acuta n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 4. Anthalona acuta n. sp. from Lençóis Maranhenses, NE-Brazil, SEM. A. Inner (IDL) and outer distal lobe (ODL) setae of first limb. B. Postabdomen with detail of armature (below left). One of the specially modified setae on second antenna of A. acuta n. sp. can be seen here, but is broken off (ans).
FIGURE 3. Anthalona acuta n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 3. Anthalona acuta n. sp. from Lençóis Maranhenses, NE-Brazil (A–E) and Anthalona verrucosa (from same locality) (F), SEM. Carapace ornamentation, headshield of adult parthenogenetic females of. A. Adult parthenogenetic female, typical humpbacked shape for A. acuta n. sp. B. Pattern of tubercles seen dorsally. C. Dorsal detail of tubercles, posterior portion. D. Head shield (rostrum to the right) dorsally, with main head pores (MHp) and lateral pores (Lhp). E. Detail of head shield dorsally, with two connected major head pores in middle, all pores on an elevation. F. Detail of head pores of A. verrucosa ventrally, showing 3D configuration of the peculiar 8-shaped structures under the small pores, called "cosmaria" or "sacks".
FIGURE 2 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 2. Comparison of head shields and head pores of sympatric Anthalona acuta n. sp. from type locality (F–I) and Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa (Sars, 1901) (A–E). Parthenogenetic females of A. verrucosa verrucosa were raised from dried mud from temporary dune pool at the Lençóis Maranhenses, Brazil. A, F. Complete head shields. B–E., G–I. Variation in head pore morphology. Note the differences in distances between large and small pores, especially in A. verrucosa (B–E).
FIGURE 5. Anthalona acuta n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 5. Anthalona acuta n. sp. Parthenogenetic females from temporary dune pools at the Lençóis Maranhenses, Brazil. A. First limb, anterior view, IDL and ODL omitted. B. IDL and ODL. C. Idem. D. Second limb. E. Idem, scraper eight
FIGURE 1. Anthalona acuta n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 1. Anthalona acuta n. sp. Parthenogenetic females from temporary dune pools at the Lençóis Maranhenses, Brazil. A. Habitus. B. Idem. C. General body outline. D. Front of head. E. Labral keel, lateral view. F. First antenna. G. Second
FIGURE 23 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 23. Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa (Sars, 1901) = Alona verrucosa Sars, 1901, males (A–C) from the Lençóis Maranhenses, Brazil, Leg. K. Van Damme (from culture) and type series of "true (?)" Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa (Sars, 1901) = Alona verrucosa Sars, 1901, paralectotypes (D–L) from G.O. Sars Collection, F12337, Zool. Mus. Oslo (selected by Valdivia- Villar). A. Habitus male. B. Postabdomen male. C. Detail on first limb, with copulatory hook or clasper. D. Paralectotype, habitus parthenogenetic female. E.–F. Postabdomen. G. Labral keel. H. Second antenna. I. Head pores. J. First limb, ODL seta and IDL setae. K. Scrapers of second limb. L. Second limb, sixth scraper. Abbreviations: ch, copulatory hook, IDL, inner distal lobe, ODL, outer distal lobe.
FIGURE 15 in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 15. Anthalona mediterranea (Yalim, 2005) comb. nov. = Alona mediterranea Yalim, 2005. Males from Socotra Island, Yemen, Leg. K. Van Damme. A. Habitus. B. Postabdomen from river in Haghier Mountains. C. Postabdomen from Homhill. D. First antenna. E. First limb, copulatory hook. F. First limb, copulatory brush, IDL and ODL. G. First limb with frontal part and setules. H. Second limb. Abbreviations: ch, copulatory hook, gn, gnathobase, IDL, inner distal lobe, ODL, outer distal lobe.
FIGURE 18. Anthalona simplex n in Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines
FIGURE 18. Anthalona simplex n. sp., parthenogenetic females from Katanga Region, DR Congo. A.–B. Habitus, lateral view (antennal setae not drawn). C. Body outline, lateral view. D. Posterior margin of head shield, including head pores. E. Labral
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