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Summer water chemistry; sediment phosphorus fluxes and sorption capacity; sedimentation and sediment resuspension dynamics; water column thermal structure; and zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, and macrophyte communities in eight shallow lakes in northwest Iowa, USA (2018-2020)
The primary aim of this data product is to characterize change in water chemistry, sediment-water interactions, and biological communities in shallow, eutrophic lakes undergoing a fishery biomanipulation. We studied eight glacial lakes located in northwest Iowa, USA, from 2018 to 2020 during the summer season (May to September). A subset of these lakes (n = 4; Center, Five Island, North Twin, and Silver Lakes) were part of a fishery biomanipulation in which the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) incentivized commercial harvest of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus). Harvests occurred in Center and Five Island Lakes during 2018-2019 and in North Twin and Silver Lakes during 2019-2020. Between 73 and 373 kg fish biomass per ha were removed each year. The other study lakes (n = 4; Blue, South Twin, Storm, and Swan Lakes) remained unmanipulated during the study period. Over the course of the biomanipulation, we quantified a suite of physical, chemical, and biological parameters across the study lakes. High frequency aquatic sensors were used to measure water column thermal structure, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and algal pigments. Manual water chemistry sampling further quantified suspended solids, total phosphorus and nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, and water clarity. We measured flux rates of phosphorus between bottom sediments and the overlying water using ex situ sediment core incubations under both oxic and anoxic conditions. We further quantified sediment phosphorus sorption capacity using equilibrium phosphorus concentration assays. Tiered sediment traps were used to measure sedimentation rates as well as sediment resuspension in bottom waters. We also measured change in zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, and macrophyte community composition and abundance. These data will be used to better understand the mechanisms of internal phosphorus loading in shallow lakes and the ecosystem effects of fisherie
Sediment trap time series data for Beaverdam Reservoir and Falling Creek Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA 2018 through 2023
Sediment traps were deployed to assess the mass and composition (lithium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, strontium, barium, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen) of settling particulates in the water column of two drinking water reservoirs—Beaverdam Reservoir and Falling Creek Reservoir, both located in Vinton, Virginia, USA. Sediment traps were deployed at two depths in each reservoir to capture both epilimnetic and hypolimnetic (total) sediment flux. The particulates were collected from the traps approximately fortnightly from April to December from 2018 to 2023, then filtered, dried, and analyzed for lithium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, strontium, and barium (2018 to 2023) and total organic carbon and total nitrogen (2018 to 2022, due to instrument repairs). Beaverdam and Falling Creek are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as primary or secondary drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia. The sediment trap dataset consists of logs detailing the sample filtering process, the mass of dried particulates from each filter, and the raw concentration data for lithium (Li), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN). The final products are the calculated downward fluxes of solid Li, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Sr, Ba, TOC, and TN during the aforementioned deployment periods.
Stream Suspended Sediment and Particulate Organic Matter at Harvard Forest 2009-2010
In addition to conveying water and nutrients and providing habitat to a variety of ecosystems, streams transport downstream mineral sediment and other particulate matter washed in from hillslopes and eroded from its channel and banks. At high levels, suspended sediment can be a devastating pollutant for aquatic organisms. The amount of suspended material in a stream varies tremendously with discharge; typically, suspended sediment increases with discharge, as stormwater runoff and overland flow carry particles from the hillslopes into the channel. Suspended sediment can also be a function of land use and vegetation, both of which affect the infiltration capacity of the landscape; more infiltration generally means less surface runoff and thus less sediment. Forested watersheds such as the Bigelow Brook watershed will typically have less suspended sediment than similar watersheds in urban environments. By analyzing how suspended sediment varies with discharge, I will be able to compare the relative effectiveness of overland flow of stormwater in washing materials into the streams. It is also possible that tree loss due to the wooly adelgid, ice storms, or fire in the watershed may increase the amount of sediment to Bigelow Brook, as a loss in tree canopy may result in more soil erosion due to rain splash and more water overall reaching the stream. For this reason, I hope to continue monitoring sediment in Bigelow Brook for an extended period of time to record any significant changes due to changing vegetation. Furthermore, by determining how much of the suspended sediment consists of particulate organic matter (using standard LOI techniques), I will be able to estimate the net carbon export from the two watersheds via that pathway. Preliminary, back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that as much as 3-5% of the total annual carbon export leaves the Harvard Forest watershed via stream-transported particulate organic matter. To this end, I propose to measure suspended
Lake Sediment Pollen from Knob Hill Pond in Marshfield VT from 14000 BP to Present
The abrupt, range-wide decline of Tsuga canadensis ~5500 calibrated years before present (cal. yr BP) is one of the most-studied events in North American paleoecology. Little attention, however, has been given to an earlier Tsuga decline, dated to ~6000 cal. yr BP in southern Ontario, Canada. To investigate whether this event occurred elsewhere in eastern North America, we analyzed the middle-Holocene interval of a lake-sediment record from Knob Hill Pond, located in northern Vermont, USA, an area of historically high Tsuga abundance. A dramatic, short-lived drop in Tsuga pollen abundance does occur at ~6000 cal. yr BP in the Knob Hill Pond record, indicating that Tsuga populations declined in various parts of its range. We hypothesize that both middle-Holocene declines of Tsuga were caused by the deleterious effects of pronounced droughts on this moisture-sensitive tree. Close examination of pollen data from a transect of sites across New England reveals that the earlier decline of Tsuga is present in other records, although some aspects of the event appear to have varied geographically. While northern and higher-elevation sites exhibit a nearly full recovery of Tsuga populations between the two declines, records further to the south are characterized by a stair-step pattern of progressive decline. At sites near its southern range limit, relatively warm conditions between ~6000 and 5500 cal. yr BP were apparently not conducive to the reestablishment and survival of Tsuga, and thus it was unable to recover between the drought events.
Lake Sediment Pollen from Little Pond in Bolton MA from 3000 BP to Present
Analyses of a sediment core from Little Pond, located in the town of Bolton, Massachusetts, provide new insights into the history of environmental and ecological changes in southern New England during the late Holocene. Declines in organic content and peaks in the abundance of Isoetes spores indicate reduced water depth at 2900-2600, 2200-1800, and 1200-800 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP), generally consistent with the timing of dry conditions in records from elsewhere in the northeastern United States. The Little Pond pollen record features little change over the last 3000 yr, indicating that the surrounding vegetation was relatively insensitive to these periods of drought. The 1200-800 cal yr BP dry interval, however, coincides with increased abundance of Castanea pollen, suggesting that the expansion of Castanea in southern New England may have been influenced by late-Holocene climatic variability.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Spatially Distributed Water Temperature (2004,2006) and Sediment Temperature (2006) of Lake Wingra
Profiles of water and sediment temperature were measured during the summer months in Lake Wingra, Dane County, WI, USA at several locations. During the months July through September, 2004, water temperature profiles were measured. For the months, June through August, 2006, sediment temperatures were measured along with the water temperature profiles. Sampling Frequency: 2 minutes and 4 minutes Number of sites: 3 sites each summer Instrument: http://www.microdaq.com/occ/u22/underwater_temperature_data_logger.php - Underwater Temperature Data Logger
Benthic Chlorophyll of Seagrass Sediment in Virginia Coastal Bays 2008-2021
This data set contains measurements of benthic chlorophyll content in surface sediments in restored Z. marina plots in the Virginia coastal bays. Samples were collected annually during June-July at restored seagrass plots and adjacent bare sediment plots. GPS locations of sampling plots are available in the companion data set VCR11180.
Organic Matter of Seagrass Sediment in Virginia Coastal Bays 2007-2021
This data set contains measurements of sediment organic matter and bulk density from plots in the restored Z. marina meadows in Hog Island Bay and South Bay, VA. Samples were collected annually in June-July. GPS locations of sampling plots are available in the companion data set VCR11180.
Sediment Carbon and Nitrogen of Seagrass Restoration in Virginia Coastal Bays 2007-2021
This data set contains measurements of sediment carbon and nitrogen content in restored Z. marina meadows in Hog Island Bay and South Bay, VA. Sediments were sampled annually in June-July. GPS locations of sampling plots are available in the companion data set VCR11180.
High-frequency water and sediment temperature from the Seagrass Recovery Experiment, South Bay, VA 2020-2022
To understand intra-meadow stability, the Seagrass Recovery Experiment was designed to ask 1) is recovery faster at sites with less thermal stress owing to greater exchange with cooler oceanic water at the meadow edge? 2) what is the shape of recovery? and 3) what are the recovery mechanisms? To conduct this experiment, aboveground seagrass biomass was removed from 28.3 m2 plots within the interior and along an edge of a restored seagrass meadow in South Bay, VA. Sites 1-3 correspond to the meadow interior while sites 4-6 correspond to the northern edge. Each site was comprised of a control (i.e., C) where no seagrass was disturbed and a treatment (i.e., T) where seagrass was removed (n = 12 sites total, e.g., 1C, 1T, 2C...). To further characterize differences between the meadow interior and edge, water and sediment temperatures were collected continuously. Water temperature was monitored at fixed positions 20 cm above the sediment surface at the center of each plot, while sediment temperature was monitored at 5 cm depth at the center of two sites within the central and northern edge South Bay locations.
North Carolina Outer Banks, USA Coastal Foredune Sediment Cores - Grain Size Data & Core Log Descriptions
<p>This repository includes sediment core data collected at seven sites along the northern Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA. From north to south, the sites include Pine Island, Corolla Reserve, Duck, the US Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF) North, FRF South, Southern Shores (i.e., Hillcrest Beach Access), and Nags Head (Bonnett St. Beach Access).</p><p>At each site, internal dune sedimentology and stratigraphy were characterized using sediment vibracores, each 1.5–2.2 m long, collected along a cross-shore transect from the dune toe to the dune heel. Coring locations were selected based on dune morphology to capture the stratigraphy of the dune toe, stoss slope, primary dune crest, lee slope, swale, and secondary dune crest, as applicable. Sediment core locations were documented using RTK-GPS and are included in the .kmz file.</p><p>All sediment cores were split, photographed, described for sedimentary structures, texture (as compared to standards), mineralogy, and color (Munsell, 2012). Sediment cores were described using the Modified Burmister System in 10-cm intervals, with additional intervals added as needed to capture stratigraphic units with thicknesses less than 10 cm but greater than 1 cm. Sediment core log descriptions are included in the NOAA_NCDunes_Vibracore_CoreLogs.xlsx data file.</p><p>Sediment size and shape were analyzed from oven-dried samples using a CAMSIZERX2Ⓡ. These data are included in the Dune_Grain_Size_camsizer_outputs.csv data file. Metrics reported for each sample include the following: Site, Core ID, Sample Number, Depth (cm below ground surface), Elevation (m, NAVD88), D2 (mm), D5 (mm), D10 (mm), D16 (mm), D25 (mm), D50 (mm), D75 (mm), D84 (mm), D90 (mm), D95 (mm), D98 (mm), average grain symmetry, average grain sphericity, average grain aspect ratio, percent pebble, percent granule, percent very coarse sand, percent coarse sand, percent medium sand, percent fine sand, percent very fine sand, and percent silt.</p><p><strong>More details regarding these measurements can be found in the following manuscript:</strong></p><p>Davis, E.H., Hein, C.J., Cohn, N., White, A.E., Zinnert, J.C. Differences in internal sedimentologic and biotic structure between natural, managed, and constructed coastal foredunes (in review).</p>
Forestry roads in the Purapel fluvial catchment and related changes in sediment connectivity
<p>This dataset contains georeferenced data of forestry roads and sediment connectivity in the Purapel catchment, which drains the Chilean Coastal Range. The forestry road network consists of all the dirt and gravel roads mapped in QGIS by observing open satellite images and vectorial data available during January 2021. The observed data are maps that were listed in the QGIS OpenLayers plugin (<a href="https://github.com/sourcepole/qgis-openlayers-plugin">https://github.com/sourcepole/qgis-openlayers-plugin</a>), such as Google Satellite (Map data ©2015 Google) and OpenStreetMap <sup>1</sup>, the road network of the Chilean Congress National Library (<a href="https://www.bcn.cl/siit/mapas_vectoriales">https://www.bcn.cl/siit/mapas_vectoriales</a>) and compositions of Sentinel 2 images (European Space Agency, courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey) of the post-2017 fire period.</p> <p>Sediment Connectivity maps were calculated on a 5 m resolution LiDAR DTM using the Connectivity Index<sup> 2</sup>. The maps were derived from the stand-alone, free and open-source executable SedInConnect 2.3<sup> 3</sup> using the Weighting factor of <sup>2</sup> and two different targets, which are available as tif files:</p> <ul> <li>ICs.tif contains <em>IC<sub>s</sub></em>, the Connectivity Index to the stream network.</li> <li>ICrs.tif contains <em>ICr<sub>s</sub></em>, the Connectivity Index to the road and the stream network.</li> </ul> <p>Here, the Road Connectivity, <em>RC </em>(dimensionless) is defined as the difference between both previous maps, with the aim to describe the change in sediment connectivity due to forestry road network:</p> <ul> <li><em>RC = IC<sub>rs</sub> - IC<sub>s</sub></em></li> </ul> <p>It is available as RC.tif file. The area of<em> high RC </em>was defined using the percentile 95 (3.12). File RC95.tif is a mask of <em>RC </em><em>≥</em><em> 3.12</em>.</p> <p>The contributing area <em>CA </em>(m<sup>2</sup>) was calculated using the multiple flow D-infinity approach <sup>4</sup> using TauDEM (https://hydrology.usu.edu/taudem/taudem5/downloads.html).</p> <p>The file CA_RC95.tif contains the contributing area (m<sup>2</sup>) of the surfaces with highest changes in sediment connectivity due to the road network. That is:</p> <ul> <li><em>CA_RC95 = </em>{<em>CA </em>|<em> RC </em><em>≥</em><em> 3.12</em>}</li> </ul> <p>The landscape distribution of those surfaces, in terms of proximity to the hilltops and valleys, is described by the density plot of the raster file CA_RC95.tif in R:</p> <pre><code>library("raster") library("ggplot2") CA_RC95<-raster("CA_RC95.tif") CA_RC95<-CA_RC95*0.0025 df = as.data.frame(CA_RC95) df = na.omit(df) ggplot(df,aes(CA_RC95)) + geom_histogram(aes(y=..count..*25),binwidth = 50)+ geom_density(aes(y=50 * ..count..*25), col="blue",size=2, adjust=10000)+ xlab("Contributing Area [ha] \n Hilltop Valley") + ylab("Area [m2]")+ theme(axis.text.x = element_text(face="bold", size=30), plot.title = element_text(color="black", size=40, face="bold",hjust=0.5), axis.title.x=element_text(color="blue", size=40, face="bold"), axis.text.y = element_text(face="bold", size=30), axis.title.y=element_text(color="blue", size=40, face="bold"))+ scale_y_continuous(trans = 'log10')+ ggtitle("Upstream area of surfaces with \n High Road Connectivity (RC > 3.12)") </code></pre> <p>Bibliography</p> <p>1. OpenStreetMap contributors. Planet dump retrieved from https://planet.osm.org. https://www.openstreetmap.org/ (2017).</p> <p>2. Cavalli, M., Trevisani, S., Comiti, F. & Marchi, L. Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments. <em>Geomorphology</em> <strong>188</strong>, 31–41 (2013).</p> <p>3. Crema, S. & Cavalli, M. SedInConnect: a stand-alone, free and open source tool for the assessment of sediment connectivity. <em>Computers and Geosciences</em> <strong>111</strong>, 39–45 (2018).</p> <p>4. Tarboton, D. G. A new method for the determination of flow directions and upslope areas in grid digital elevation models. <em>Water Resources Research</em> <strong>33</strong>, 309–319 (1997). </p>
Physical Characteristics and Stratigraphy of Deep Soil Sediments from Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE) from 2005 and 2006
These data represent the results of piston-coring deep (around 1m) soil cores from Shark Slough sites, including FCE LTER site SRS3 and FCE related site NE-SRS1 from November 18, 2005 to February 26, 2006. Soils from 1-cm depth increments were analyzed for bulk density and stratigraphy. These analyses contribute to a paleoecological study to quantify past changes in vegetation and soil accumulation in relation to past climate variation, fire occurrences and water management.
Radiometric Characteristics of Soil Sediments from Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE) from 2005 and 2006
These data represent the results of radiometric dating of soil cores from Shark Slough sites, including FCE LTER sites SRS3 and SRS4 and FCE related site NE-SRS1 from November 18, 2005 to February 26, 2006. Soils from 1-cm depth increments were analyzed for bulk density and stratigraphy. These analyses contribute to a paleoecological study to quantify past changes in vegetation and soil accumulation in relation to past climate variation, fire occurrences and water management.
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Soil Sediments from the Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, August 2004 - ongoing
These data represent the results of annual soil sampling and analysis from all 17 FCE LTER transect locations from Year 2004 thru ongoing. Surface soils from 0-10 cm have been homogenized and analyzed from Sawgrass and mangrove sites and Florida Bay sites. Soils and sediments were analyzed for a suite of physical/chemical variables, including bulk density, organic matter content, extractable iron, AVS and CRS sulfur, and various forms of extractable phosphorus. These analyses are completed to document the differences in soil structure among transect sites, and to provide a baseline dataset against which long-term changes in the physical/chemical properties of the soils can be detected.
Percentage of Carbon and Nitrogen of Soil Sediments from the Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough and Florida Bay within Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, August 2008 - ongoing
These data represent the results of CHN Analysis from annual soil sampling from all 17 FCE LTER transect locations from Year 2008 thru ongoing. In 2017, the samples were collected before Hurricane Irma (2017a) and post Hurricane Irma (2017b). Surface soils from 0-10 cm been homogenized and analyzed from Sawgrass and mangrove sites and Florida Bay sites. Soils and sediments were analyzed for percentage by weight of total Carbon and Nitrogen with a PerkinElmer CHNS /O 2400 Series II Elemental Analyzer. These analyses are completed to document the differences in soil composition among transect sites, and to provide a baseline dataset against which long-term changes in the properties of the soils can be detected.
Sediment elevation measurements for 10 GCE-LTER sampling sites from December 2001 to December 2020
Soil surface elevation was measured in tidal marshes at 10 GCE-LTER sampling sites from December 2001 to December 2020 using a sediment elevation table method. The sites represent three estuaries of the Georgia coast (USA) that vary in delivery of freshwater and sediment. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of freshwater input on marsh accretion and subsidence. In 2013, rod SETs were added at site 11 and installed to replace broken SETs at sites 7 and 9 (which broke in 2012).
Coupling between Sediment and Water Column Populations of Ammonia Oxidizing Thaumarchaeota in the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia
Populations of nitrifying organisms in the water column at Marsh Landing display a midsummer peak in the abundance of ammonia oxidizing Archaea (AOA) at the site, coinciding with a peak in nitrite concentration. Marsh Landing is at the mouth of the Duplin River, a dead-end tidal channel that drains an extensive area of salt marsh. While the lower Duplin River at Marsh Landing exchanges tidally with Doboy Sound and thus South Atlantic Bight (SAB) coastal waters, water in its upper reaches has a residence time of weeks. The work reported here had two goals: 1) test the hypothesis that the surrounding salt marsh is the source of nitrifiers seen in water samples taken at Marsh Landing; and 2) compare the seasonal dynamics of nitrifiers in surficial sediments with those in the water column. We sampled 6 stations along the ~20 km length of the Duplin River. We collected surface water samples (~0.20 m) at low- to mid-tide, monthly from April-December 2014. Sediment samples (top 1 cm) were collected at the same time from unvegetated creek bank at 2 locations on the Duplin River and from 4 locations spanning the creek bank-to-upland gradient of the saltmarsh accessible from the Teal Boardwalk. The abundance of ammonia oxidizing Archaea, Marine Group 1 Archaea (Thaumarchaeota), ammonia oxidizing Betaproteobacteria (AOB), Bacteria and Nitrospina, a nitrite oxidizing bacterium, were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) of DNA extracted from the samples. This data set contains the abundance estimates from April to December 2014 for sediment and water column samples, with corresponding water quality measurements (temperature, salinity and nitrogenous nutrient concentrations).
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Sediment Yield in Weir Basins, 1956 - ongoing
Each year the sediment that collects in the stilling basin behind the v-notch weir is measured, excavated, sampled, dried, and weighed for Watersheds 1 through 8 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Oven-dry weights are then calculated for all the sediment removed from the basin and extrapolated back over the watershed as mass of soil material lost per unit area. These data were gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Vertical fluxes of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from a sediment trap deployed west of Palmer Station, Antarctica at a depth of 170 meters, 1992-2019.
Particulate organic matter is exported from the upper ocean euphotic zone in the form of large sinking particles and as dissolved material. Particle fluxes to depth link the surface and mesopelagic realm and supply food to the benthos. Sedimentation flux is typically measured with sediment traps of various designs. Palmer LTER has deployed a time-series trap near 64.5degrees S, 66.0degrees W since late 1992. The trap is moored in 300 m depth and collects sinking particles at 150 m. Deployments and analyses were performed by David Karl, University of Hawaii until 2002 when Hugh Ducklow took over the sediment trap operations.Sedimentation at the PAL site of the West Antarctic Peninsula demonstrates extreme seasonality, with a well-defined pulse in the Austral summer following sea ice retreat. Daily sedimentation rates during the summer flux event are among the highest recorded globally. During the Austral winter when the ocean is covered by sea ice and shrouded in darkness, fluxes are among the lowest observed anywhere. Sedimentation rates at PAL typically vary by 4 orders of magnitude. There is also order of magnitude variability in the total annual flux (area under the curve).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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