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FIGURE 8. Ovipositor sheaths, K in Konowia Brauns, 1884, and Monoxiphia, n. gen. (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) Palaearctic woodwasps with simple tarsal claws on all legs
FIGURE 8. Ovipositor sheaths, K. kojimai (A–C), K. megapolitana (D) and K. yasumatsui (E, F), lateral view. --- A, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido; B, Yakumo, Hokkaido; C, Yumine, Honshu, holotype; D, Łódż, Poland; E, Nikko, Honshu; F, Omogokei, Shikoku.
FIGURE 7. Ovipositor sheaths, K in Konowia Brauns, 1884, and Monoxiphia, n. gen. (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) Palaearctic woodwasps with simple tarsal claws on all legs
FIGURE 7. Ovipositor sheaths, K. betulae, lateral view. --- A, Altenburg, Germany; B, Mirugam, Korea; C, Akaigawa, Hokkaido, holotype of Platyxiphydria nishijimai; D, Nukabira-ko, Hokkaido; E, Izumisawa, Hokkaido; F, Nissho-toge, Hokkaido.
FIGURE 58. Bromus pseudolaevipes. A. Ligule and auricles. B. Ligule and leaf sheath. C. Inflorescence. D. Lemma. E in A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America
FIGURE 58. Bromus pseudolaevipes. A. Ligule and auricles. B. Ligule and leaf sheath. C. Inflorescence. D. Lemma. E. Spikelet. Illustration by C.T. Roché, reproduced from Barkworth et al. (2007) with permission.
FIGURE 1. Bromus anomalus. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Sheath and auricles. D. Spikelet. E in A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America
FIGURE 1. Bromus anomalus. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Sheath and auricles. D. Spikelet. E. Glumes. Illustration by C.T. Roché, reproduced from Barkworth et al. (2007) with permission.
Figure 2. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes splayed out. A, YKLP 13496a in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 2. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes splayed out. A, YKLP 13496a, part, showing a displaced calyx and tentacle-sheath complexes. B, YKLP 13496b, counterpart, preserved with discrete tentacle-sheath complexes. C, a merged image of part and counterpart, showing a complete morphology of the body. D, YKLP 13477a, part, a specimen in oral-aboral view showing a total of 18 tentacle-sheath complexes. E, close-up of the tentacle-sheath complexes T10–T11, showing the smooth outer sheaths and relief tentacle rods with rows of paired dark stains. F, a fluorescent image showing the details of dark stains along the tentacles. G, interpretative drawing of F. Abbreviations: Cal, calyx; Ds, dark stain; Fu, furrow; T1–T18, tentacle-sheath complex 1 to 18. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm; E–G = 2 mm.
Figure 1. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes closed. A, B in Tentacular nature of the 'column' of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica
Figure 1. Xianguangia sinica with tentacle-sheath complexes closed. A, B, laterally preserved specimen: A, YKLP 13478a, part; B, YKLP 13478b, counterpart. C, a close-up image showing the outer sheaths, tentacle rods and pinnules. D, interpretative drawing of C. E, YKLP 13829a, the preservation of the whole body suggests light sclerotization. F, a fluorescent image of the distal tentacle region, showing pinnules fringed on the distal tentacles. Abbreviations: Cal, calyx; Cc, circumferential constriction; Ds, dark stain; Dt, distal tentacle; Os, outer sheath; Pin, pinnule; Ter, tentacle rod; T1–T8, tentacle-sheath complex 1 to 8. Scale bars: A, B, E = 5 mm; C, F = 1 mm.
Spatially resolved transcriptomics of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
<p><em><span>Background: </span></em></p> <p><span>Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) encompass entities with different cellular differentiation and degrees of malignancy. Spatial heterogeneity complicates diagnosis and grading of PNSTs in some cases. In malignant PNST (MPNST) for example, single cell sequencing data has shown dissimilar differentiation states of tumor cells. Here, we aimed at determining the spatial and biological heterogeneity of PNSTs.</span></p> <p><em><span>Methods: </span></em></p> <p><span>We performed spatial transcriptomics on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded diseased peripheral nerve tissue. We used spatial clustering and weighted correlation network analysis to construct niche-similarity networks and gene expression modules. We determined differential expression in primary pathologies, analysed pathways to investigate the biological significance of identified meta-signatures, integrated the transcriptional data with histological features and existing single cell data, and validated expression data by immunohistochemistry. </span></p> <p><em><span>Results: </span></em></p> <p><span>We identified distinct transcriptional signatures differentiating PNSTs. We observed spatial transcriptional heterogeneity within hybrid PNSTs (HPNSTs) and immune cells preferentially infiltrating the neurofibroma component. S100b and Vimentin were validated as markers for schwannomas and schwannoma components of HPNSTs, while APOD highlights neurofibroma components of HPNSTs. Furthermore, we mapped cells with different differentiation states, including Schwann cell precursors, neural crest-like cells and those with mesenchymal transition in MPNST in space. </span></p> <p><em><span>Conclusions:</span></em></p> <p><span>This pilot study shows that spatial transcriptomics can be applied to PNSTs to gain insight into their biology. It helps establishing new markers, provides spatial information about cellular composition and distribution of cellular differentiation states. Hence, it is a powerful tool for integrating morphological and high-dimensional molecular data with the potential to facilitate PNSTs classification in the future. </span></p>
FIGURE 2. Piptolepis pseudomyrtus. A. Virgate habit. B. Stems with leaf scars. C. Pad-like leaf sheath. D. Leaf, adaxial surface. E. Leaf, abaxial surface. F. Flowering branch with raceme. G. Head. H in Reestablishment of the name Piptolepis pseudomyrtus (Vernonieae, Asteraceae)
FIGURE 2. Piptolepis pseudomyrtus. A. Virgate habit. B. Stems with leaf scars. C. Pad-like leaf sheath. D. Leaf, adaxial surface. E. Leaf, abaxial surface. F. Flowering branch with raceme. G. Head. H. Corolla, androecium and style. I. Anther. J. Style. K. Cypsela. A.–K. illustration by Regina Carvalho.
FIGURE 2. Dichorisandra rhizantha. a. Habit. b. Sheaths, adaxial view. c. Sheaths, abaxial view. d in Dichorisandra rhizantha (Commelinaceae), a new morphologically unusual species from Bahia, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Dichorisandra rhizantha. a. Habit. b. Sheaths, adaxial view. c. Sheaths, abaxial view. d. Stem with leaf sheath in detail. e. Leaf, adaxial surface. f. Detail of the indument present on the margin. g. Trichomes of the adaxial side of the leaf. h. leaf, abaxial surface. i. Detail of the indument present on the margin. j. Trichomes of the abaxial side of the leaf. k. Young flowering branch with flower buds. l. Flowering branch with open flowers. m. Bisexual flower. n. Sepal, adaxial view. o. Sepal, abaxial view. p. Petal, adaxial view. q. Petal, abaxial view. r. Detail of a bisexual flower with sepals and petals removed. s. Androecium with stamens and reduced staminode (sm), adaxial view. t. Androecium with stamens and reduced staminode (sm), abaxial view. u. Gynoecium with sepals, petals and stamens removed. v. Immature fruit. w. Capsule with seeds (se). Bars: b–e, h, k–r, v–w = 1cm; f–g, i–j = 200 µm, s-u = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1. Chrysopogon densipaniculatus. A. Habit. B. Branch bearing axillary and terminal inflorescence. C1. Panicle. C2. Sessile & Pedicelled spikelets. D1. Ligule. D2. Sheath without keel. E in Chrysopogon densipaniculatus (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): a new species from India
FIGURE 1. Chrysopogon densipaniculatus. A. Habit. B. Branch bearing axillary and terminal inflorescence. C1. Panicle. C2. Sessile & Pedicelled spikelets. D1. Ligule. D2. Sheath without keel. E. Basal portion with cataphylls (Photography by: Shahid Nawaz & Arjun Tiwari)
FIGURE 1. Chusquea kochii. A. Mid-culm segment showing a culm leaf sheath with a reflexed culm leaf blade. B. Branch complement showing foliage leaf blades. C in A new species of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Chusquea kochii. A. Mid-culm segment showing a culm leaf sheath with a reflexed culm leaf blade. B. Branch complement showing foliage leaf blades. C. Detail of leaf blade margin, abaxial view, showing pubescent indument and scabrous margin. D. Foliage leaf ligule area and pseudopetiole. Based on Clark et al. 1150 (XAL). Drawn by Rosa Pérez Luna.
FIGURE 3. Ficinia stirtonii. A. Habit. B. Leaf blade and sheath. C. Inflorescence. D in Three new species in the genus Ficinia (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa
FIGURE 3. Ficinia stirtonii. A. Habit. B. Leaf blade and sheath. C. Inflorescence. D. Glume. Artist: Kay-Leigh Kilian, based on A.M. Muasya & C.H. Stirton 5240 (BOL).
FIGURE 1. Ficinia bolusiana. A. Habit. B. Leaf blade and sheath. C. Inflorescence. D in Three new species in the genus Ficinia (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa
FIGURE 1. Ficinia bolusiana. A. Habit. B. Leaf blade and sheath. C. Inflorescence. D. Glume. Artist: Kay-Leigh Kilian, based on A.M. Muasya & C.H. Stirton 5908 (BOL).
On following pages: 534. Macedonian Mouse (Mus macedonicus); 535. Mound-building Mouse (Mus spicilegus); 536. Cypriot Mouse (Mus cypriacus); 537. Ethiopian Striped Mouse (Mus imberbis); 538. Mahomet Mouse (Mus mahomet): 539. Hausa Mouse (Mus haussa); 540. West African Pygmy Mouse (Mus musculoides); 541. Baoule Mouse (Mus baoulei); 542. Matthey's Mouse (Mus mattheyi); 543. Toad Mouse (Mus bufo); 544. Callewaert's Mouse (Mus callewaerti); 545. Gounda Mouse (Mus goundae); 546. Neave's Mouse (Mus neavel); 547. Ubangui Mouse (Mus oubanguii); 548. Peters's Mouse (Mus setulosus); 549. Thomas's Mouse (Mus sorella): 550. Gray-bellied Mouse (Mustriton); 551. Delicate Mouse (Mus tenellus); 552. Desert Pygmy Mouse (Mus indutus); 553. Sub-Saharan Pygmy Mouse (Mus minutoides); 554. Setzer's Mouse (Mus setzeri); 555. Little Indian Field Mouse (Mus booduga); 556. Phillips's Mouse (Mus phillipsi); 557. Flat-haired Mouse (Mus platythrix); 558. Saxicolous Mouse (Mus saxicola); 559. Earth-colored Mouse (Mus terricolon); 560. Servant Mouse (Mus famulus): 561. Ceylon Spiny Mouse (Mus fernandoni); 562. Mayor's Mouse (Mus mayori); 563. Ryukyu Mouse (Mus caroli); 564. Fawn-colored Mouse (Mus cervicolor); 565. Cook's Mouse (Mus cookii); 566. Sheath-tailed Mouse (Mus fragilicauda); 567. Little Burmese Field Mouse (Mus lepidoides); 568. Blyth's Mouse (Mus nitidulus); 569. Indochinese Shrew-like Mouse (Mus pahari); 570. Shortridge's Mouse (Mus shortridgei); 571. Sumatran Shrew-like Mouse (Mus crociduroides); 572. Javan Shrew-like Mouse (Mus vulcani). in Muridae
On following pages: 534. Macedonian Mouse (Mus macedonicus); 535. Mound-building Mouse (Mus spicilegus); 536. Cypriot Mouse (Mus cypriacus); 537. Ethiopian Striped Mouse (Mus imberbis); 538. Mahomet Mouse (Mus mahomet): 539. Hausa Mouse (Mus haussa); 540. West African Pygmy Mouse (Mus musculoides); 541. Baoule Mouse (Mus baoulei); 542. Matthey's Mouse (Mus mattheyi); 543. Toad Mouse (Mus bufo); 544. Callewaert's Mouse (Mus callewaerti); 545. Gounda Mouse (Mus goundae); 546. Neave's Mouse (Mus neavel); 547. Ubangui Mouse (Mus oubanguii); 548. Peters's Mouse (Mus setulosus); 549. Thomas's Mouse (Mus sorella): 550. Gray-bellied Mouse (Mustriton); 551. Delicate Mouse (Mus tenellus); 552. Desert Pygmy Mouse (Mus indutus); 553. Sub-Saharan Pygmy Mouse (Mus minutoides); 554. Setzer's Mouse (Mus setzeri); 555. Little Indian Field Mouse (Mus booduga); 556. Phillips's Mouse (Mus phillipsi); 557. Flat-haired Mouse (Mus platythrix); 558. Saxicolous Mouse (Mus saxicola); 559. Earth-colored Mouse (Mus terricolon); 560. Servant Mouse (Mus famulus): 561. Ceylon Spiny Mouse (Mus fernandoni); 562. Mayor's Mouse (Mus mayori); 563. Ryukyu Mouse (Mus caroli); 564. Fawn-colored Mouse (Mus cervicolor); 565. Cook's Mouse (Mus cookii); 566. Sheath-tailed Mouse (Mus fragilicauda); 567. Little Burmese Field Mouse (Mus lepidoides); 568. Blyth's Mouse (Mus nitidulus); 569. Indochinese Shrew-like Mouse (Mus pahari); 570. Shortridge's Mouse (Mus shortridgei); 571. Sumatran Shrew-like Mouse (Mus crociduroides); 572. Javan Shrew-like Mouse (Mus vulcani).
FIGURE 3. Acidosasa carinata A. Culm leaf. B. Node, showing the sheath base with a corky ring. C. Foliage leafy branches. D. Foliage leaf sheath and inner ligule. E. Synflorescence. F in Sasa guangdongensis, a new synonym of Acidosasa carinata (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)
FIGURE 3. Acidosasa carinata A. Culm leaf. B. Node, showing the sheath base with a corky ring. C. Foliage leafy branches. D. Foliage leaf sheath and inner ligule. E. Synflorescence. F. Strigulose abaxial surface of foliage leaf; G. a: two glumes (the left two) and two sterile lemmas (the right two); b: two glumes (the left two) and one sterile lemma (the rightmost one). H‒K. Strigulose abaxial surface of glume. I‒L. Strigulose abaxial surface of lemma. J‒M. Strigose abaxial surface of palea. Ga & K‒M from X.B. Ye 35118 (CANT, lectotype of Sasa guangdongensis). Gb & H‒J from Taishan Investigation Team 440781190519033LY (IBSC). Photos A‒E by Yi-Hua Tong, others by Xing Li.
FIGURE 9. Ovipositor sheaths. a—F in Review of the world Monoctonina Mackauer 1961 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae): key for their identification and descriptions of five new species
FIGURE 9. Ovipositor sheaths. a—F. pseudoplatani; b—H. angustivalva; c—M. caricis; d—M. crepidis; e—M. ligustri; f—M. mali; g—M. nervosus; h—M. paulensis.
FIGURE 1. Galianthe longifolia. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C–E. Long-styled flower. C. Flower. D in Advancements in Galianthe (Spermacoceae-Rubiaceae) knowledge: complete description of G. longifolia and new records for G. thalictroides in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Galianthe longifolia. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C–E. Long-styled flower. C. Flower. D. Hypanthium, calyx, style, and stigma. E. Opened corolla. F–H. Short-styled flower. F. Flower. G. Hypanthium, calyx, style, and stigma. H. Opened corolla. I–K. Seed. I. Seed, dorsal view. J. Seed, ventral view. K. Seed, cross section. L. Fruit. A–H extracted from Cabral (2009), I–L de Cordeiro C.B. 1969 (C). Ilustrated by L. Simón
FIGURE 6. Borreria semiamplexicaule E.L. Cabral. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C. Terminal glomerule. D in Intraspecific variation of insertion/length of stamens in homostylous flowers of a new species and three other species of Borreria: an unusual case in Rubiaceae
FIGURE 6. Borreria semiamplexicaule E.L. Cabral. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C. Terminal glomerule. D. Abaxial view of glomerule to display inflorescence bracts organization. E. Detail of external bract. F. Detail of internal bract. G. Flower. H. Hypanthium, style and stigma. I. Open corolla. J. Capsule. K. Internal view of mericarp to display septicidal dehiscence. L. Ventral view of seed. M. Dorsal view of seed. (A–C, G–I from Daly D. 1993, D–F from P. L. Viana, F. S. Marino, A. J. Arruda, T. B. Jorge & P. M. Burkowski 5269, L–M from P. L. Viana, F. S. Marino, A. J. Arruda, T. B. Jorge & P. M. Burkowski 5257, J–K from A. J. Arruda, F. M. Santos, L. J. Arruda & T. J. Battituci 928). Illustration by L. Simón.
FIGURE 3. Borreria heteranthera E.L. Cabral & Sobrado. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C. Terminal glomerule. D in Intraspecific variation of insertion/length of stamens in homostylous flowers of a new species and three other species of Borreria: an unusual case in Rubiaceae
FIGURE 3. Borreria heteranthera E.L. Cabral & Sobrado. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C. Terminal glomerule. D. Detail of external bract. E. Detail of internal bract. F. Flower. G. Hypanthium, style and stigma. H. Open corolla. I. Capsule. J. Internal view of mericarp to display septicidal dehiscence. K. Ventral view of seed. L. Dorsal view of seed. (A, B, F–H from P. L. Viana, L. M. Versieux, L. C. Garcia, V. T. Giorni, L. V. C. Silva & D. S. Silva 4094; C, I–L from A. J. Arruda, P. L. Viana, F. M. Santos, P. B. Mayer, T. J. Battituci & L. J. Arruda 909; D, E from A. J. Arruda, F. M. Santos, L. J. Arruda & T. J. Battituci 1099). Illustration by L. Simón.
FIGURE 8. Borreria xanthophylla Bremek. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C. Terminal glomerule. D in Intraspecific variation of insertion/length of stamens in homostylous flowers of a new species and three other species of Borreria: an unusual case in Rubiaceae
FIGURE 8. Borreria xanthophylla Bremek. A. Habit. B. Stipular sheath. C. Terminal glomerule. D. Detail of terminal glomerule to display fruits. E–F. Detail of external bracts. G. Detail of internal bract. H. Flower bud. I. Hypanthium, style and stigma. J. Open corolla. K. Capsule. L. Internal view of mericarp to display septicidal dehiscence. M. Ventral view of seed. N. Dorsal view of seed. (A–N from J. J. de Granville, F. Crozier & C. Sarthou 15017). Illustration by L. Simón.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.