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Fig. 3 in Siliceous biota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonian biotic crisis: The Polish reference
Fig. 3. Radiolarian−spiculite facies, set H−3, Frasnian–Famennian boundary beds at Kowala quarry, Poland (see Figs. 1C, D and 2; Racki 1999: fig. 2). A. Field photo of a laminated (marginally−agraded) limestone bed with black bedded chert; arrowed is a lighter diagenetically unaffected band. B. Radiolarian−spiculite limestone packstone (sample Kw−154), with mostly incipiently neomorphozed micritic matrix and numerous pyrite aggregations in the upper part.
Fig. 2 in Siliceous biota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonian biotic crisis: The Polish reference
Fig. 2. Micropalaeontological characteristics of the upper Frasnian and Frasnian–Famennian passage at Kowala, based on the eastern quarry wall section + from 1991 (section Kw). The material obtained from marly−shaly samples, supplemented by few conodont samples and thin sections for the unit H−3. Productive radiolarian (R) and spicule (S) samples studied (see Fig. 3 and Table 2) are arrowed. 1, tentaculitoids; 2, entomozoids; 3, large−sized palynomorphs; 4, goniatites; 5, ichtyolithes; 6, palmatolepid conodonts; 7, polygnathid conodonts; 8, ramose conodont elements; 9, phyllocarid remains; 10, benthic ostracods; 11, nanicellid foraminiferans; 12, sponge spicules; 13, rhynchonellid brachiopods;14, chonetid brachiopods; 15, lingulids; 16, phosphatized burrow fills and pellets; 17, agglutinated foraminiferans; 18, icriodontid conodonts; 19, echinoderm remains; 20, ramose fossils (a, amphiporid stromatoporoids; b, others [fragmented?auloporids]); 21, sphaerical microfossils (?mostly calcispheroids).
Fig. 1. A, B in Siliceous biota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonian biotic crisis: The Polish reference
Fig. 1. A, B. Location of the Kowala basin succession in Poland (A) and Holy Cross Mountains (B; see details in Racki 1993). C. Composite lithological section of the Late Devonian strata at Kowala (modified after Szulczewski 1996: fig. 8), the reference succession showing environmental evolution typical of intermittently drowned shelf from reef (units A–C) to slope (D–G) to intrashelf basin (H–L). Three sampled radiolarian−sponge intervals are arrowed. D. Sedimentary record of eustatic, anoxic and tectono−volcanic events around the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, with emphasis on selected biotic markers. Note blooms of siliceous biota, thought as promoted mostly by submarine exhalative volcanism paired with tectonically−driven shallowing, and a cooling pulse (see Racki 1999; Racki et al. 2002).
Text-fig. 1. Bohemian Massif with position of the Prague Basin (in black) and distribution of Ordovician rocks in the Prague Basin, with geographic position of main localities of the siliceous nodules. in Porambonites Havliceki Sp. Nov., A New Brachiopod From The Šárka Formation (Darriwilian) From Bohemia And Its Contribution To Early History Of The Porambonitidae
Text-fig. 1. Bohemian Massif with position of the Prague Basin (in black) and distribution of Ordovician rocks in the Prague Basin, with geographic position of main localities of the siliceous nodules.
Text-fig. 9. Revultex impression of a siliceous concretion NM L 31967. A – an assemblage of three specimens of Barrandicella cf. tarda (PERNER, 1903); a – indeterminate early shell (? Barrandicella sp.), b – Mytoconula sp., ×...... B – Mytoconula sp., obligue left lateral view of an early shell just after landing on the Barrandicella surface, with a narrow flat rim of initial teleoconch shell, probably pressed down by sediment, ×......; C – the same, obligue left lateral view, ×......; D – the same, oblique right posterolateral view showing increments in the early shell, ×....... Dobrotivá F., PrahaŠárka. in Patelliconus Horný, 1961 And Mytoconula Gen. N. (Mollusca, Tergomya) From The Ordovician Of Perunica
Text-fig. 9. Revultex impression of a siliceous concretion NM L 31967. A – an assemblage of three specimens of Barrandicella cf. tarda (PERNER, 1903); a – indeterminate early shell (? Barrandicella sp.), b – Mytoconula sp., ×...... B – Mytoconula sp., obligue left lateral view of an early shell just after landing on the Barrandicella surface, with a narrow flat rim of initial teleoconch shell, probably pressed down by sediment, ×......; C – the same, obligue left lateral view, ×......; D – the same, oblique right posterolateral view showing increments in the early shell, ×....... Dobrotivá F., PrahaŠárka.
Text-fig. 5. Scattered valves of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979, cracked valves of Ellerbeckia arenaria (MOORE) CRAWFORD 1988 and Tetracyclus ellipticus (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW 1862 as well as broken scleres of freshwater sponges (on the right hand) are lying in a clayish matrix. SEM-photograph, sample Sf 380, seam 4. in Siliceous Microfossils From The Oligocene Tripoli-Deposit Of Seifhennersdorf
Text-fig. 5. Scattered valves of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979, cracked valves of Ellerbeckia arenaria (MOORE) CRAWFORD 1988 and Tetracyclus ellipticus (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW 1862 as well as broken scleres of freshwater sponges (on the right hand) are lying in a clayish matrix. SEM-photograph, sample Sf 380, seam 4.
Text-fig. 2. Cracked chrysophycean-cysts and nest-like accumulation of the pennate diatom Gomphonema bohemicum REICHELT et FRICKE 1902 embedded in a bituminous and clayish matrix, SEM-photograph, sample Sf (no number), seam 1 roof. in Siliceous Microfossils From The Oligocene Tripoli-Deposit Of Seifhennersdorf
Text-fig. 2. Cracked chrysophycean-cysts and nest-like accumulation of the pennate diatom Gomphonema bohemicum REICHELT et FRICKE 1902 embedded in a bituminous and clayish matrix, SEM-photograph, sample Sf (no number), seam 1 roof.
Raw data for Microwave-assisted Condensation Approach for Vanadium Silicate Microspheres and Their Catalytic Activity in Cyclohexene Epoxidation and Ethyl Lactate Oxidation
<p><strong>Specification of affiliations:</strong></p> <ul> <li>David Skoda - Centre of Polymer Systems</li> <li>Kamila Kuzelova - Centre of Polymer Systems</li> <li>Rajendran Blessy Pricilla - Centre of Polymer Systems</li> <li>Barbora Hanulikova - Centre of Polymer Systems</li> <li>Michal Urbanek - Centre of Polymer Systems</li> <li>Ales Styskalik - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science</li> <li>Tomas Pokorny - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science</li> <li>Iaroslav Doroshenko - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science</li> <li>Lucie Simonikova - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science</li> <li>Ivo Kuritka - Centre of Polymer Systems</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Raw data for the research paper. Information on the data collection are described in the manuscript.</p>
Adsorption of HCN on cosmic silicates
<p>This Supporting Material contains the fractional coordinates of DFT optimized structures of:</p> <p>_ Forsterite bulk</p> <p>_ The six forsterite surfaces treated in this work</p> <p>_ The 16 HCN-forsterite adsorption complexes</p> <p>_The stationary points for the activated deprotonation of adsorbed species</p>
Sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole sediment core incubations from a fertilized (Sweeney) and reference (West) creek in the Plum Island Estuary, Massachusetts.
Salt marsh ecosystems serve as critical nutrient filters by removing reactive nitrogen (N) through denitrification. We examined the influence of long-term fertilization on N transformation and removal in a salt marsh tidal creek ecosystem fringing the Plum Island Sound estuary in northern Massachusetts, USA. Sediment oxygen demand was within the range of other marsh systems (1271.9 to 7855.0 µmol m-2 h-1) and was not significantly different between the fertilized and reference creek. Net N2 fluxes ranged from net N fixation of -402.7 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the reference creek to net denitrification of 524.9 µmol N2-N m-2 h-1 in the fertilized creek. Net N2 flux and nitrate uptake were significantly higher in the fertilized creek, and in both creeks, net denitrification appeared to be nitrate limited. We calculated rates of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and found it to be significantly higher in the fertilized creek, representing 45 and 11% of the total nitrate uptake in the fertilized and reference creeks, respectively. Additionally, there was a strong relationship between ammonium and nitrite fluxes in both creeks. These results suggest that DNRA may outcompete denitrification at high nitrate concentrations. Increased anthropogenic nutrient loading may therefore have a detrimental effect on the N removal capacity of salt marsh ecosystems. (From: Vieillard and Fulweiler (2012) Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 11-22. DOI:10.3354/meps10013).
Water column nitrate and ammonium concentrations, sediment oxygen, di-nitrogen (gas), nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, and silicate flux from sealed, whole core incubations, Rowley River, Rowley, MA.
Tidal flats are critical components of coastal estuarine ecosystems characterized by high rates of benthic primary productivity and biogeochemical cycling. In order to investigate the impact of anthropogenic nutrient loading on tidal flat biogeochemistry we carried out a two-week fertilization experiment. Throughout the course of the study we conducted two light-dark, whole-core incubations and took measurements of three indicators of microphytobenthos activity in addition to quantifying the resident eastern mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta) population.
Ediacaran metazoan fossils with siliceous skeletons from the Digermulen Peninsula of Arctic Norway – Supplementary Data
<p><span>In this study, a new assemblage of Ediacaran metazoan fossils is reported from the basal Stáhpogieddi Formation on the Digermulen Peninsula of Arctic Norway, including <i>Anulitubus</i> n. gen. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., <i>Anulitubus formosus</i> n. gen. n. sp. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., <i>Coniculus</i> n. gen. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., <i>Coniculus elegantis</i> n. gen. n. sp. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., <i>Fistula</i> n. gen. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., <i>Fistula crenulata</i> n. gen. n. sp. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al. The specimens are three-dimensionally preserved and include tubular and conical skeletons that are morphologically distinguished by their body wall constructions, radial symmetry, polarity, segmentation, and annulation. The skeletons are interpreted to be biomineralized by primary silica based on computed micro-tomographic, petrographic, geochemical and spectroscopic evidence of originally rigid body wall with layers of constant thicknesses, composed of opal, microcrystalline quartz and admixture of carbonaceous material, which differ from the host sediment mineralogy and do not show replacement or encrustation. The fossil-bearing interval immediately overlies strata of Gaskiers age and can be bracketed within 580–541 Ma, but it is estimated to be ~575 Ma on the basis of averaged sedimentation rates and biostratigraphic correlations with Ediacaran biota found in up-section deposits of ~558–555 Ma. Future new findings of such fossils in different preservation modes and further multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which shows the silicon fractionation and trace its biogenic origin vs inorganic mineralization, may corroborate the interpretation of biogenic silicification of these earliest skeletal fossils.</span></p>
Dataset for publication "Sol-gel derived silicate-phosphate glass SiO2–P2O5–CaO–TiO2: the effect of titanium isopropoxide on porosity and thermomechanical stability"
<p>In this work, sol-gel silica-phosphate glasses (30 mol.% P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) with defined porosity from 2.5 to 7.5 mol.% TiO<sub>2</sub> modifications were synthesized. Thee dimensional stability with respect to the thermal stability of porous silica-phosphate glasses modified by titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) through titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) precursor was studied.</p> <p>The data of thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, SEM -EDX, mercury intrusion porosimetry, N2 physisorption, micro-computed tomography, ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering are published.</p>
Examination of 6 and 12 Month Follow-up of Calcium Hydroxide and Calcium Silicate Materials Used in Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping
<p>This dataset includes data evaluating the clinical and radiographic 6 and 12-month treatment success of calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate materials in indirect pulp therapy (IPT) and direct pulp capping (DPC) applications in teeth with deep dentin caries.</p>
The effect of siliceous sponge deposition on Permian paleocommunity structure
<p>A dramatic shift from carbonate-rich to chert-rich marine strata occurred during the Permian and is frequently attributed to the increased activity of siliceous sponges and their biosiliceous sedimentation. The first-order ecological consequences of this transition, if any, remain opaque. We analyze fossil occurrence data from the Phosphoria Basin (western North America) to test whether the presence of siliceous sponges, which are correlated with basin-wide chert strata, influenced the recruitment of benthic fauna. We digitized occurrence data from Yochelson and Van Sickle (1968), with particular attention to 228 fossil collections with detailed lithologic descriptions. We categorized fossil collections by formation, facies, and lithology, and used these data to code DCA and NMDS ordinations. We also analyzed the clustering of taxa into faunal units termed biofacies.</p> <p>Results from these analyses indicate that fossil collections occurring in chert and carbonate are closely associated in faunal composition and community structure. These collections preferentially occur in the inner to mid ramp facies, in agreement with previous studies. Although largely similar in composition, changes in the frequency and abundance of accessory brachiopod taxa (e.g., <em>Composita and Hustedia</em>) reflect greater biosiliceous sedimentary input.</p>
Breitenfeld et al. (2024) Dataset: Effect of Particle Size on Raman Signal Strength of Silicate Minerals
<p>This dataset includes a CSV file with the raw Raman spectra of six mineral samples (two forsterites, augite, dioside, labradorite, and bytownite) each at 10 particle size ranges. It also includes a CSV file with the cooresponding metdata (minerals names and particle size ranges in microns) for each spectrum.</p>
DFT-GIPAW NMR properties of sodium-silicate glasses
<p>DFT-GIPAW calculations (with VASP) of NMR properties of structural models of SiO2-Na2O glasses generated by classical and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. The database contains compositions with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% mol. Na2O (10Na, 20Na, 30Na, 40Na and 50Na) with 300 atoms and 600 atoms, aiMD models of 700 atoms with 22.5% and 43.1% mol. Na2O (NS22.5 and NS43.1).</p> <p>Structures (300 atoms) have been extracted at 300K, 1000K, 1500K and 2000K (300K.zip, 1000K.zip, 1500K.zip and 2000K.zip) . Models at 300K have been optimized by CP2K before DFT-GIPAW (cellopt.zip). Similarly structures of 600 atoms at 300K and 1000K ( 600at_300K.zip and 600at_1000K.zip) are provided, in addition to aimd structures at 300K (CP2K) ( NS22.5 and NS43.1) aimd.zip and aimd_test.zip.</p> <p>For a detailed description, see DATABASE.pdf.</p> <p>For each composition, ascii files POSCAR , ISOCAR, EFGCAR and EFG_TCAR are provided.</p> <p>POSCAR : standard VASP file</p> <p>ISOCAR, EFGCAR and EFG_TCAR are modified POSCAR-type file with NMR parameters as described in the header line (see file) :</p> <p>ISOCAR: atom (ppm) sigma_iso (Direct) x y z</p> <p>EFGCAR: atom (MHz) Cq nq (Direct) x y z</p> <p>EFG_TCAR: atom V/A2 xx xy xz yx yy yz zx zy zz (Direct) x y z</p> <p> </p>
Speciation data for "Pressure-induced coordination changes in a pyrolitic silicate melt from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations"
<p>With <em>ab initio</em> molecular dynamics simulations on pyrolite melt, we examine the detailed changes in elemental coordination as a function of pressure and temperature. We consider the average coordination as well as the proportion and distribution of coordination environments at pressures and temperatures encompassing the conditions at which molten silicates may exist in present-day Earth and those of the Early Earth's magma ocean. At ambient pressure and 2000 K, we find that the average coordination of cations with respect to oxygen is 4.0 for Si-O, 4.0 for Al-O, 3.7 for Fe-O, 4.6 for Mg-O, 5.9 for Na-O and 6.2 for Ca-O. Although the coordination for iron with respect to oxygen is underestimated, the coordination number for all other cations are consistent with experiments. At the base of the upper mantle (~15 GPa and 2000 K), the average coordination for Si-O remains at 4.0, but increases to 4.1 for Al-O, 4.2 for Fe-O, 4.9 for Mg-O, 8.0 for Na-O and 6.8 for Ca-O. The coordination environment for Na-O remains approximately constant up to core-mantle boundary conditions (135 GPa and 4000 K), but increases to about 6 for Si-O, 6.5 for Al-O, 6.5 for Fe-O, 8 for Mg-O, 9.5 for Ca-O. Our results have implications for melt properties, such as viscosity, transport coefficients, thermal conductivities and electrical conductivities, and will help interpret experimental results on silicate glasses.</p> <p>Detailed speciation statistics for pyrolite melt were determined using <em>a</em><em>b initio</em> molecular dynamics simulations with the Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package (VASP) (Kresse and Furthmuller, 1996). Simulations were performed with a time step of 0.5-2 femtoseconds for 10-50 picoseconds, depending on the temperature and density. The composition of the Bulk Silicate Earth was modeled with a pyrolite melt with the stoichiometry NaCa<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>Mg<sub>30</sub>Al<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>24</sub>O<sub>89</sub>. Bond distances were determined from the pair distribution functions, which describe the probability of finding an atom type at a given distance from the reference atom. We used the first peak in the pair distribution function to approximate the average bond length; the distance at which the first minimum occurs marks the radius of the first coordination sphere of atoms that are directly bonded to the reference atom. We used this value to define the bond criterion between two atom types. Additional computational details can be found in the manuscript.</p>
Unraveling silicate liquid immiscibility and apatite saturation in the mesostasis pocket of mare basalt: Evidences from Chang'E-5 lunar samples
<p><strong>Figure S1 </strong>Back scatter electron (BSE) images of Chang’E-5 breccia 136GP (top) and 143 GP (bottom)</p> <p><strong>Figure S2</strong> Chemical composition of silicate minerals in CE-5 136GP and 143 GP breccias and comparison with CE-5 mare basalts. A) Quadrilateral diagram of pyroxene in the Chang’E-5 mare basalt. B) Ternary diagram of feldspar from the Chang’E-5 mare basalts. C) Chemical compositions of olivine. The gray background areas represent the composition range of silicate minerals in Chang'e-5 basalts reported by previous studies (Che et al., 2021; He et al., 2022; Hu et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2022; Tian et al., 2021).</p> <p><strong>Figure S3</strong> Element mapping of one representative mesostasis fragment in CE-5 136GP. a)-j) indicate the abundance maps of Si, Al, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ti, and P within this lithic clast. All of them are in the same scale and the scale bar could be found in J. On each element map, the red or yellow color represents the relative elevated abundance of one specific element; the blue or black indicate its low abundance. k) is the BSE image of this clast and the yellow box outlines the mapping area.</p> <p><strong>Figure S4</strong> Predicted value of P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> concentration (wt%) required for phosphate saturation in the Si-rich melts. The calculation is based on the equation built by Tollar et al. (2006). a) and b) represents the function of SiO<sub>2</sub> and CaO concentrations (wt%) respectively. The melt temperature is fixed at 1010 °C. The black circles indicate the data of Si-rich portion within the CE-5 mesostasis fragments investigated in the present study. These plots indicate that apatite crystallized in some of the Si-rich melts.</p> <p><strong>Table S1 Representative mineral EPMA analyses of major compositions (wt%) in the CE-5 mesostasis fragments.</strong></p> <p><strong>Table S2 Representative Raman spectra of minerals in the CE-5 mesostasis fragments.</strong></p>
Datasets from "A new method for the detection of siliceous microfossils on sediment microscope slides using convolutional neural networks". JGR Biogeosciences.
<p>This repository contains the datasets linked to "A new method for the detection of siliceous microfossils on sediment microscope slides using convolutional neural networks" (Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JG008047">https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JG008047</a>). This includes:</p> <ul> <li>The images and annotation* text files (in YOLO format) used for the detection of siliceous microfossils. </li> <li>The models and training results for the trainings presented in the main text and supporting information.</li> </ul> <p>*Note that while annotations were attributed to 14 general categories, only twelve of these were used during training (<em>i.e. </em>Pennate, Centric, Silicoflagellate, Centric_debris, Spore, Other_Biomin, Cocco, Silicoflagellate_debris, Undetermined_silica, Chateoceros_Bacteriastrum, Calcispheres, Foraminifer), and all were pooled into a single "Microfossil" category for the purpose of the training.</p>
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