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FIG. 4 in Nest-Site Fidelity and Sex-Biased Dispersal Affect Spatial Genetic Structure of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at Their Northern Range Edge

FIG. 4. Analysis of global structure along the river corridor from the first principal component of the sPCA represented by (A) interpolation of lagged principal scores showing genetic clines and (B) colors indicating individual scores. Coordinates have been deliberately omitted to deter poachers.

FIG. 3 in Nest-Site Fidelity and Sex-Biased Dispersal Affect Spatial Genetic Structure of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at Their Northern Range Edge

FIG. 3. Bubble plot showing the results of two-dimensional local spatial autocorrelation analysis for all Eastern Box Turtles (n ¼ 165) sampled in northwestern Michigan. Circles represent individuals and the size of the circle is proportional to the P-values from permutation testing, with large circles representing individuals that are significantly more related to their five nearest neighbors than expected (P, 0.05) based on a random distribution of genotypes. Figure shows the distribution of five genetic ''hotspots'' in relation to known nesting sites (NS) across the study area. Some distantly sampled individuals are omitted for figure clarity.

FIG. 2 in Nest-Site Fidelity and Sex-Biased Dispersal Affect Spatial Genetic Structure of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at Their Northern Range Edge

FIG. 2. Spatial genetic autocorrelograms of genetic correlation coefficients (r) as a function of distance for Eastern Box Turtles in northwestern Michigan. Plots represent (A) all individuals (n ¼ 165), (B) females only (n ¼ 104), and (C) males only (n ¼ 51). Dashed lines are permuted 95% confidence intervals across all data, and error bars are bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals within each distance class. Tables below graphs represent data for each distance class including the number of pairwise comparisons (n), the correlation coefficients (r), and the P-values (p) associated with bootstrap tests of significance for positive spatial genetic autocorrelation.

FIG. 1 in Nest-Site Fidelity and Sex-Biased Dispersal Affect Spatial Genetic Structure of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) at Their Northern Range Edge

FIG. 1. Scatterplot showing the matrix of pairwise genetic distances and matrix of pairwise geographic distances for box turtles sampled along the river corridor. Warmer colors within the kernel density indicate higher densities of points. The line (slope ¼ 1.074727e–05; R2 ¼ 0.002992) shows the correlation trend.

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Data from: Measuring site fidelity and spatial segregation within animal societies

1.Animals often display a marked tendency to return to previously-visited locations that contain important resources, such as water, food, or developing brood that must be provisioned. A considerable body of work has demonstrated that this tendency is strongly expressed in ants, which exhibit fidelity to particular sites both inside and outside the nest. However, thus far many studies of this phenomena have taken the approach of reducing an animal's trajectory to a summary statistic, such as the area it covers. 2.Using both simulations of biased random walks, and empirical trajectories from individual rock ants, Temnothorax albipennis, we demonstrate that this reductive approach suffers from an unacceptably high rate of false negatives. 3.To overcome this, we describe a site-centric approach which, in combination with a spatially-explicit null model, allows the identification of the important sites towards which individuals exhibit statistically significant biases. 4.Using the ant trajectories we illustrate how the site-centric approach can be combined with social network analysis tools to detect groups of individuals whose members display similar space-use patterns. 5.We also address the mechanistic origin of individual site fidelity; by examining the sequence of visits to each site, we detect a statistical signature associated with a self-attracting walk - a non-Markovian movement model that has been suggested as a possible mechanism for generating individual site fidelity.

Figure 4 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)

Figure 4. Example of a male tortoise's MCP and KDE home ranges. Habitat use intensity is displayed as a grid clipped with 95% KDE outline (red = high use intensity; green = low use intensity; grid cell size = 10 m), the 50% core area is displayed as a stippled polygon. (A) Total MCP and overall KDE home range; (B) RS MCP and KDE home range; (C) DS MCP and KDE home range. Map designed using ArcGis 9.3.

Figure 3 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)

Figure 3. MCP home ranges for all radio-telemetered tortoises; left = females; right = males. Map designed using ArcGis 9.3.

Figure 2 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)

Figure 2. Incremental area analysis plots for (A) MCPs; (B) 95% KDE; and (C) core areas. Grey bars represent ranges of mean MCP and KDE area.

Figure 1 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)

Figure 1. Map displaying the location of the KPWS in northern Cambodia as well as extent and location of the major habitat types. Map designed using ArcGis 9.3. Elevation data: CGIAR SRTM (Jarvis et al. 2008). Protected area shape file: IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2010).