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146 results for “social behaviour”
Data from: Findings from an exploration of a social network intervention to promote diet quality and health behaviours in older adults with COPD: a feasibility study
<p><span><b>Background: </b>Diet quality in older people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with better health and lung function. Social factors, such as social support, social networks and participation in activities, have been linked with diet quality in older age. A social network tool – GENIE (Generating Engagement in Network Involvement) – was implemented in a COPD community care context. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of the GENIE intervention to promote diet quality and other health behaviours in COPD. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methods:</b> Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited from a local COPD Service. Participants were offered usual care or the GENIE intervention. Process evaluation methods were used to assess intervention implementation, context and mechanisms of impact; <a name="_Hlk11247522">these included observations of patient interactions with the intervention, documented in observational field notes and in films of a patient group discussion.</a> Diet quality was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; 'prudent' diet scores were used to describe diet quality at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Change in diet quality was expressed per month, from baseline to follow-up.</span></p> <p><b>Results: </b>Feasibility data showed that the GENIE intervention could be implemented in this sample of community-living older people. The intervention was acceptable to clinicians and older people with COPD, especially for those with less severe disease, when facilitated appropriately and considering the levels of literacy of participants. There was no significant change in diet quality in the intervention group over the follow-up period (median change in prudent diet score per month, (interquartile range (IQR)): 0.03, (-0.24 – 0.07)); whereas an overall fall in diet quality was observed in the control group (-0.15, (-0.24 – 0.03)).</p> <p><span><b>Conclusion: </b>The process evaluation findings suggest that this intervention is feasible and acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Although the sample size achieved in this study was small, findings suggest that the intervention may have a protective effect against declines in diet quality, and other health behaviours, in an older COPD population. Findings from this feasibility study indicate that further evaluation of the GENIE intervention is warranted in a larger study, with a longer follow-up.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Infectious disease and sickness behaviour: tumour progression affects interaction patterns and social network structure in wild Tasmanian devils
<p>Infectious diseases, including transmissible cancers, can have a broad range of impacts on host behaviour, particularly in the latter stages of disease progression. However, the difficulty of early diagnoses makes the study of behavioural influences of disease in wild animals a challenging task. Tasmanian devils (<i>Sarcophilus harrisii</i>) are affected by a transmissible cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), in which tumours are externally visible as they progress. Using telemetry and mark-recapture data sets, we quantify the impacts of cancer progression on the behaviour of wild devils by assessing how interaction patterns within the social network of a population change with increasing tumour load. DFTD negatively influences devils' likelihood of interaction within their network, an effect which increases with increasing tumour load. Infected devils were more active within their network late in the mating season, a pattern with repercussions for DFTD transmission. Our study provides a rare opportunity to quantify and understand the behavioural feedbacks of disease in wildlife and how they may affect transmission and population dynamics in general.</p>
Whistle variation in Mediterranean common bottlenose dolphin: the role of geographical, anthropogenic, social and behavioural factors
<p>The studies on the variation of acoustic communication in different species have provided insight that genetics, geographic isolation and adaptation to ecological and social conditions play important roles in the variability of acoustic signals. The dolphin whistles are communication signals that can vary significantly among and within populations. Although it is known that they are influenced by different environmental and social variables, the factors influencing the variation between populations have received scant attention. In the present study, we investigated the factors associated to the acoustic variability in the whistles of common bottlenose dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>), inhabiting two Mediterranean areas (Sardinia and Croatia). We explored which factors, among 1) geographical isolation of populations, 2) different environments in terms of noise and boat presence and 3) social factors (including group size, behaviour and presence of calves), were associated to whistle characteristics. We first applied a principal component analysis to reduce the number of collinear whistle frequency and temporal characteristics, and then generalised linear mixed models on the first two principal components. The study revealed that both geographic distance/isolation and local environment are associated to whistle variations between localities. The prominent differences in the acoustic environments between the two areas, which contributed to the acoustic variability in the first principal component (PC1), were found. The calf's presence and foraging and social behaviour were also found to be associated with dolphin whistle variation. The second principal component (PC2) was associated only to locality and group size, showing that longer and more complex tonal sound may facilitate individual recognition and cohesion in social groups. Thus, both social and behavioural context influenced significantly the structure of whistles, and they should be considered when investigating acoustic variability among distant dolphin populations to avoid confounding factors.</p>
Data from: Parasite-induced plasticity in host social behaviour depends on sex and susceptibility
Understanding the effects of parasites on host behaviour, of host behaviour on parasite infection, and the reciprocal interactions between these processes is vital to improving our understanding of animal behaviour and disease dynamics. However, behaviour and parasite infection are both highly variable within and between individual hosts, and how this variation affects behaviour-parasite feedbacks is poorly understood. For example, it is unclear how an individual's behaviour before infection might change once it becomes infected, or as the infection progresses, and how these changes depend on the host's parasite susceptibility. Here, using the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and a directly-transmitted ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus turnbulli, I show that parasite-induced behavioural plasticity depends on host sex and susceptibility. Among females, time spent shoaling ('sociality'), a behaviour that increases parasite transmission, did not depend on infection status (infected/not) or susceptibility. By contrast, male sociality in the absence of infection was negatively correlated with susceptibility, suggesting the most susceptible males use behaviour to avoid infection. However, in late infection when parasite transmission is most likely, male sociality and susceptibility became positively correlated, suggesting susceptible males modify their behaviour upon infection potentially to increase transmission and mating opportunities. I discuss the implications of these patterns for disease dynamics.
Data from: How random is social behaviour? Disentangling social complexity through the study of a wild house mouse population
Out of all the complex phenomena displayed in the behaviour of animal groups, many are thought to be emergent properties of rather simple decisions at the individual level. Some of these phenomena may also be explained by random processes only. Here we investigate to what extent the interaction dynamics of a population of wild house mice (Mus domesticus) in their natural environment can be explained by a simple stochastic model. We first introduce the notion of perceptual landscape, a novel tool used here to describe the utilisation of space by the mouse colony based on the sampling of individuals in discrete locations. We then implement the behavioural assumptions of the perceptual landscape in a multi-agent simulation to verify their accuracy in the reproduction of observed social patterns. We find that many high-level features -- with the exception of territoriality -- of our behavioural dataset can be accounted for at the population level through the use of this simplified representation. Our findings underline the potential importance of random factors in the apparent complexity of the mice's social structure. These results resonate in the general context of adaptive behaviour versus elementary environmental interactions.
The density of anthropogenic features explains seasonal and behaviour-based functional responses in selection of linear features by a social predator
<p>Anthropogenic linear features facilitate access and travel efficiency for predators, and can influence predator distribution and encounter rates with prey. We used GPS collar data from eight wolf packs and characteristics of seismic lines to investigate whether (1) ease-of-travel or (2) access to areas presumed to be preferred by prey best explained seasonal selection patterns of wolves near seismic lines, and whether the density of anthropogenic features led to functional responses in habitat selection. At a broad scale, wolves showed evidence of habitat-driven functional responses by exhibiting greater selection for areas near low-vegetation height seismic lines in areas with low densities of anthropogenic features. We highlight the importance of considering landscape heterogeneity and habitat characteristics, and the functional response in habitat selection when investigating seasonal behaviour-based selection patterns. Our results support behaviour in line with search for primary prey during summer and fall, and ease-of-travel during spring, while patterns of selection during winter aligned best with ease-of-travel for the less-industrialized foothills landscape, and with search for primary prey in the more-industrialized boreal landscape. These results highlight that time-sensitive restoration actions on anthropogenic features can affect the probability of overlap between predators and threatened prey within different landscapes.</p>
Data from: Resource heterogeneity but not inbreeding affects growth and grouping behaviour in socially foraging juvenile cichlid fish
<p>1. Spatial food distribution determines resource profitability, defensibility and encounter rate of foragers. Clumped food distribution can promote aggressiveness and resource monopolisation, in turn increasing within-group variation in food intake and growth. However, the effects of food distribution may depend on foraging strategies. Little is known about the impact of spatial food heterogeneity on growth and grouping behaviour in social foragers in the absence of monopolisation.</p> <p>2. Social foraging is present in many fishes, particularly at early juvenile life stages when fish are especially sensitive to environmental variation. Here, a heterogeneous food distribution may impair foraging success and growth and juveniles may increase sociability to attain social information about food resources.</p> <p>3. We examined the impact of the spatial distribution of food as well as inbreeding on growth and social behaviour in juveniles of the cichlid fish <i>Pelvicachromis pulcher. </i>Inbred individuals often show poorer performance than outbred individuals (inbreeding depression), but inbreeding effects can be environment-dependent. In the experiment, in- and outbred fish were reared in a split-clutch design either under homogeneously distributed or spatially clumped food conditions for eight weeks starting one week after juveniles could actively feed. We documented growth and performed a shoaling assay and a sociality test (choice between a large vs. a small shoal) after six weeks.</p> <p>4. Spatial food distribution did not affect within-group body length variation, but individuals reared under clumped food conditions were smaller. Shoals of the different feeding conditions differed in social behaviour. Shoals of the clumped treatment group showed higher variation in inter-individual distances compared to shoals of the homogeneous treatment group. Furthermore, focal fish of the clumped treatment adjusted their association preference to the position of the groups' largest individual. We did not find significant inbreeding or environment-dependent inbreeding effects regarding growth or social behaviour.</p> <p>5. Our study suggests that a clumped food distribution can impede localisation of food resources and thus growth in juvenile social foragers. Accordingly, in heterogeneous environments, the use of social information may be highly relevant to increase individuals' foraging success potentially explaining orientation on successful foragers, i.e. large individuals. Inter-individual variation in juvenile social behaviour may precede variation in food monopolisation capability and in growth emerging at later life stages.</p>
Data from: Dynamics in brain activation and behaviour in acute and repeated social defensive behaviour
<p>In nature, confrontations between conspecifics are recurrent and related, in general, due to the lack of resources such as food and territory. Adequate defences against a conspecific aggressor are essential for the individual's survival and the group integrity. However, repeated social defeat is a significant stressor promoting several behavioural changes including social defence per se. What would be the neural basis of these behavioural changes? To build new hypotheses about this, we here investigate the effects of repeated social stress on the neural circuitry underlying motivated social defence behaviour in male mice. We observed that animals re-exposed to the aggressor three times spent more time in passive defence during the last exposure than in the first one. These animals also show less activation of the amygdalar and hypothalamic nuclei related to the processing of conspecific cues. In turn, we found no changes in the activation of the hypothalamic dorsal pre-mammillary nucleus (PMD) that is essential for passive defence. Therefore, our data suggest that the balance between the activity of circuits related to conspecific processing and the PMD determines the pattern of social defence behaviour. Changes in this balance may be the basis of the adaptations in social defence after repeated social defeat.</p>
Ontogenic change in social context as a cue for behavioural switch in spiderlings
<p>Dataset for Mauduit & Jeanson (2022). Ontogenic change in social context as a cue for behavioural switch in spiderlings</p>
Replication package for: "Measuring Social Benefits of Media Coverage: How Coverage of Climate Change Affects Behaviour"
<p>Stata code, publicly available data, and generated data for proprietary data for: Beattie, Graham (2024). 'Measuring Social Benefits of Media Coverage: How Coverage of Climate Change Affects Behaviour'. <em>Economic Journal</em>, forthcoming</p>
Social competence and behavioural problem in self and parental assessment among Polish, Spanish, and Norwegian primary school students
<p>Dataset of article: Laudańska-Krzemińska, I., Banaszak, E., Lubczyńska, A., Muller, S., Romera, E., Antypas, K., Luque González, R., Wiza, A. Social competence and behavioural problem in self and parental assessment among Polish, Spanish, and Norwegian primary school students</p> <p> </p>
Figure 3. Association between C. sulcata and A. chartifex. A in Nesting behaviour of Neotropical social wasps of the genus Clypearia de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Figure 3. Association between C. sulcata and A. chartifex. A, The wasps' colony is close to two ants' nests. B, Note that C. sulcata placed its nest immediately above the ants' nests. C and D, Individuals of A. chartifex in dorsal and lateral view.
Figure 2 in Nesting behaviour of Neotropical social wasps of the genus Clypearia de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae)
Figure 2. Nest camouflage on Clypearia species as a defence feature. A and B, Clypearia angustior; C, Clypearia apicipennis; D, Clypearia weyrauchi.
Data from: Cultural influence of social information use in pedestrian road-crossing behaviours
Social information use is common in a wide range of group-living animals, notably in humans. The role it plays in decision-making could be a key to understanding how social groups make collective decisions. The observation of road-crossing behaviours in the presence of other individuals is an ideal means to study the influence of social information on decision-making. This study investigated the influence of culture on social information used by pedestrians in a potentially dangerous scenario, namely road crossing. We scored the collective crossing of pedestrians at four locations in Nagoya (Japan) and three locations in Strasbourg (France). French pedestrians cross against the lights much more often (41.9%) than Japanese ones (2.1%). Individuals deciding to cross the road were strongly influenced by the behaviour and the presence of other pedestrians, especially in Japan, where a stronger conformism was noted. However, Japanese pedestrians were half as likely to be influenced by social information as their French counterparts when crossing at the red light, as they were more respectful of rules. Men show riskier behaviour than women (40.6% versus 25.7% of rule-breaking, respectively), deciding quickly and setting off earlier than women. Further related studies could help target specific preventive, culture-specific solutions for pedestrian safety.
Behavioural, demographic and fitness consequences of social instability in cooperatively breeding dwarf mongoose groups
<p><span>Social instability frequently arises in group-living species, but the potential costs</span> <span>have rarely been investigated in free-living cooperative breeders, especially across different timeframes.</span><span> Using natural observations, body-mass measurements and life-history data from dwarf mongooses (<em>Helogale</em> <em>parvula</em>), we determined the short- and longer-term consequences of a change in one of the dominant breeding pair. We found that a new breeder led to alterations in both collective and individual behaviour (i.e., increases in communal scent-marking, engagement in intergroup interactions, sentinel activity and within-group grooming), as well as reduced body-mass gain, further demographic changes and decreased reproductive success (i.e., fewer pups surviving to adulthood). The effects were particularly apparent when it was the female breeder who changed; new female breeders were younger than more experienced counterparts. Our findings support the idea that stability and cooperation are strongly linked and provide potential reasons for previously documented health and fitness benefits of social stability.</span></p>
Home-based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to Promote Social Communication and Behaviour in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06129058. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Five Year Follow-up of Internet-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01145690. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Socially Inappropriate Behaviour in People With First Episode Psychosis: A Caregivers' Perspective
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03501160. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 44.
The Effect of Social Media Use on Eating Behaviours
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03346785. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Comparison Between Internet Therapy and Group Therapy for Social Phobia - A Trial Using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00564967. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.