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98 results for “social dynamics”
Data from: Quantifying uncertainty due to fission-fusion dynamics as a component of social complexity
Groups of animals (including humans) may show flexible grouping patterns, in which temporary aggregations or subgroups come together and split, changing composition over short temporal scales, i.e. fission and fusion). A high degree of fission-fusion dynamics may constrain the regulation of social relationships, introducing uncertainty in interactions between group members. Here we use Shannon's entropy to quantify the predictability of subgroup composition for three species known to differ in the way their subgroups come together and split over time: spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and geladas (Theropithecus gelada). We formulate a random expectation of entropy that considers subgroup size variation and sample size, against which the observed entropy in subgroup composition can be compared. Using the theory of set partitioning, we also develop a method to estimate the number of subgroups that the group is likely to be divided into, based on the composition and size of single focal subgroups. Our results indicate that Shannon's entropy and the estimated number of subgroups present at a given time provide quantitative metrics of uncertainty in the social environment (within which social relationships must be regulated) for groups with different degrees of fission-fusion dynamics. These metrics also represent an indirect quantification of the cognitive challenges posed by socially dynamic environments. Overall, our novel methodological approach provides new insight for understanding the evolution of social complexity and the mechanisms to cope with the uncertainty that results from fission-fusion dynamics.
Data from: Demography and social dynamics of an African elephant population 35 years after reintroduction as juveniles
1. Given their vulnerability to local extinction, the reintroduction of megafauna species (often long-lived, ecologically-influential and highly-social) is an increasingly relevant conservation intervention. Studies that evaluate past megafauna reintroductions are both critical and rare. 2. Between 1981 and 1996, 12 cohorts of a total of 200 juvenile (<5 years old) African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) were re-introduced to Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP), South Africa, after 100 years of absence. Here we model the population's long term growth. We also present data on the current (2016) age class distribution and social dynamics of the population based on a year of intensive vehicle-based monitoring of 16 collared adult females and their family groups. 3. Exponential population growth (7.1% annual increase) between 1996 and 2014 suggests reintroduction success but has created concerns about overpopulation (with contraception implemented since 2014 to suppress reproduction). The age class distribution has normalised as the juveniles have aged; reproductive females (>10 years old) composed 30% of the population in 2016. The population remains relatively young and forecasts suggest high potential for sustained growth over the next decade. 4. The first calf was born to a reintroduced female in 1990 and since then mother-calf units have gradually developed into semi-independent multi-generation families (7-15 individuals in size in 2016). The size of observed cow-calf groups was highly variable (mean=21.4 individuals, range: 7-109), with repeat observation of individual collared females revealing fusion and fission among different family groups through time, as is typical of more natural elephant populations. 5. Synthesis and applications: The development of normal elephant demography and sociality from an irregular founder population may be an encouragement for the reintroduction of other megaherbivores. The potential for rapid population growth must however be carefully considered, especially when ecologically-influential species are introduced to closed systems. The observed age class distribution and the estimated potential for future growth over the next decade have implications for the park's contraception strategy. Finally, our study provides key long-term insights for elephant translocations, which are becoming an increasingly common and necessary management intervention (due to overpopulation in some areas and local extinction in others).04-Jun-2018
Data from: Dynamic phenotypic correlates of social status and mating effort in male and female red junglefowl, Gallus gallus
Despite widespread evidence that mating and intra-sexual competition are costly, relatively little is known about how these costs dynamically change male and female phenotypes. Here, we test multiple hypotheses addressing this question in replicate flocks of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). First, we test the inter-relationships between social status, comb size (a fleshy ornament) and body mass at the onset of a mating trial. While comb size covaried positively with body mass across individuals of both sexes, comb size was positively related to social status in females but not in males. Second, we test for changes within individuals in body mass and comb size throughout the mating trial. Both body mass and comb size declined at the end of a trial in both sexes, suggesting that mating effort and exposure to the opposite sex are generally costly. Males lost more body mass if they: i) were socially subordinate, ii) were chased by other males, or iii) mated frequently, indicating that subordinate status and mating are independently costly. Conversely, females lost more body mass if they were exposed to a higher frequency of coerced matings, suggesting costs associated with male sexual harassment and female resistance, although costs of mating per se could not be completely ruled out. Neither competitive nor mating interactions predicted comb size change in either sex. Collectively, these results support the notion that sex-specific costs associated with social status and mating effort result in differential, sex-specific dynamics of phenotypic change.
Data from: The dynamics of men's cooperation and social status in a small-scale society
We propose that networks of cooperation and allocation of social status co-emerge in human groups. We substantiate this hypothesis with one of the first longitudinal studies of cooperation in a preindustrial society, spanning eight years. Using longitudinal social network analysis of cooperation among men, we find large effects of kinship, reciprocity, and transitivity in nomination of cooperation partners over time. Independent of these effects, we show that (i) higher status individuals gain more cooperation partners, and (ii) individuals gain status by cooperating with individuals of higher status than themselves. We posit that human hierarchies are more egalitarian relative to other primates species, due in part to greater interdependence between cooperation and status hierarchy.
Data from: Dynamics in brain activation and behaviour in acute and repeated social defensive behaviour
<p>In nature, confrontations between conspecifics are recurrent and related, in general, due to the lack of resources such as food and territory. Adequate defences against a conspecific aggressor are essential for the individual's survival and the group integrity. However, repeated social defeat is a significant stressor promoting several behavioural changes including social defence per se. What would be the neural basis of these behavioural changes? To build new hypotheses about this, we here investigate the effects of repeated social stress on the neural circuitry underlying motivated social defence behaviour in male mice. We observed that animals re-exposed to the aggressor three times spent more time in passive defence during the last exposure than in the first one. These animals also show less activation of the amygdalar and hypothalamic nuclei related to the processing of conspecific cues. In turn, we found no changes in the activation of the hypothalamic dorsal pre-mammillary nucleus (PMD) that is essential for passive defence. Therefore, our data suggest that the balance between the activity of circuits related to conspecific processing and the PMD determines the pattern of social defence behaviour. Changes in this balance may be the basis of the adaptations in social defence after repeated social defeat.</p>
Data for: Genetic relatedness shapes social dynamics in a threatened finch: Implications for population assessment
<p>Tropical granivorous finches often form large flocks around resources. The composition of these flocks, whether they are random groups of individuals or comprise related birds travelling together, is currently unknown. Understanding this distinction would aid in assessing the accuracy of population counts. To bridge this knowledge gap, we combined high-frequency location tracking with comprehensive genetic sequencing to investigate the relationship between pairwise association strength and genetic relatedness in Gouldian finches (<em>Erythrura gouldiae</em>). Our study revealed that birds captured near each other were more inclined to travel together, and their relatedness was significantly linked to the strength of their association. These findings suggest that within-flock associations are influenced by genetic relatedness, contributing to the stability of the flock size. We propose that juvenile kin associations play a pivotal role in this dynamic, potentially enhancing survival rates by forming sibling subgroups. The consistent flock sizes of Gouldian finches during movement have implications for estimating population sizes from waterhole counts, allowing flocks to be considered as distinct units for concurrent counts at multiple waterholes. This approach would offer a reasonably accurate method for estimating local populations, and conducting repeated counts on consecutive days could provide reliable and replicable results.</p>
Quantifying social contact dynamics in South Korea for infectious disease transmission
<p>Social contact data from a self-reportred survey conducted in South Korea. The survey was conducted from July to september 2023. </p>
Information diffusion assumptions can distort our understanding of social network dynamics (code and data)
<p>This repository contains the data (<code>cascade_reconstruction.tar.gz</code>) and code (<code>code_repository.tar.gz</code>) for a paper titled "Information diffusion assumptions can distort our understanding of social network dynamics" by <a href="https://www.matthewdeverna.com/">Matthew R. DeVerna</a>, <a href="https://pierri.faculty.polimi.it/">Francesco Pierri</a>, <a href="https://rachithaiyappa.github.io/">Rachith Aiyappa</a>, <a href="https://diogofpacheco.github.io/">Diogo Pachecho</a>, <a href="https://jbryden.co.uk/home/">John Bryden</a>, and <a href="https://cnets.indiana.edu/fil">Filippo Menczer</a> .</p> <p>Please see the README.md file for important details! If you would like to report issues with the code, you can do so through an associated GitHub repository that houses the project's code, which can be found <a href="https://github.com/osome-iu/cascade_reconstruction">here</a>.</p>
Social-ecological cascade effects of land-use on vertebrate pest dynamics in arid agricultural communities
<p>Extensive land conversion to agriculture in drylands and associated resource use have wide-ranging impacts on desert ecosystems globally. Incorporating the impacts of human-social aspects is thus imperative in examining ecological interactions. The provision of agricultural inputs in these resource-scarce regions supports invasive and pest species, negatively impacting both agricultural productivity and native desert ecosystems. Understanding the spatial dynamics of invasive and pest species requires analyzing both bottom-up resource availability factors underlying animal distributions and top-down biological controls. Here, we evaluate the social-ecological cascading effects of dryland agriculture on vertebrate pest communities in dryland agricultural communities of Israel. Our study region is characterized by 18 agricultural cooperatives with distinct crop regimes due to contrasting social decision-making and resource allocation schemes (i.e., communal Kibbutzim vs. privatized Moshavim). Crop choices further affect land management (e.g., enclosed vs. open farm systems) and resource intensity. This system is ideal to study trophic mechanisms underlying animal assemblages between agricultural regimes. We examine the role of agricultural land-use practices on pest spatial distributions based on multi-year vertebrate pest observations with agricultural datasets. We use structural equation modelling (SEM) to quantify the relative importance of added agricultural resources underlying bottom-up and top-down trophic processes regulating vertebrate pest assemblages. Results reveal that crop choices determine pest distributions through bottom-up processes directly, while simultaneously driving pest competitive interactions through indirect top-down cascades impacting pest communities. For example, due to the indirect negative effect of wolves on meso-predators (foxes and jackals) mediated by livestock, the total positive effect of livestock on the abundance of meso-predators is reduced. Our study illustrates the social-ecological cascading effects of agricultural regimes on pest community assemblages mediated by contrasting agricultural land-use practices. Considering the expansion of dryland agro-ecological systems globally, understanding the intricate cascading pathways of predator- and prey-pest communities has important implications for agricultural management, biological invasions in drylands and fragile desert environments.</p>
The dynamics of social cohesion in response to simulated intergroup conflict in banded mongooses
<p>Intergroup conflict is widespread in nature and is proposed to have strong impacts on the evolution of social behaviour. The conflict-cohesion hypothesis predicts that exposure to intergroup conflict should lead to increased social cohesion to improve group success or resilience in future conflicts. There is evidence to support this prediction from studies of affiliative responses to outgroup threats in some animal societies. However, most of these studies have focused on behavioural changes over short time periods (minutes and hours after exposure to an outgroup), and hence very little is known about the dynamics and durability of responses to intergroup conflict over the longer term. We investigated this question by simulating intergroup encounters in wild banded mongooses (Mungos mungo) and measuring social behaviour before, during, and after these encounters over a five day period. We also ran control trials with non-threatening stimuli. Banded mongooses reacted immediately to intrusion stimuli by vocalising, grouping together and advancing on the stimulus. In the first five minutes after simulated intrusions, we saw an elevation in grooming levels, but in the hour after exposure grooming rates declined sharply, contrary to our expectation. In the two subsequent days grooming rates remained at this depressed rate. In control trials, the initial increase in grooming was not seen, but grooming declined compared in the longer term time periods. Grooming changed across time, but not in the same pattern as during intrusions, suggesting that intrusions had an impact above and beyond that of the experimental set-up. The dynamics of grooming responses were short-lived and more complex than we initially expected. We suggest this unexpected result may be linked to the frequency of aggressive intergroup encounters in this system. Our results indicate short-lived impacts of outgroup threat on measures of social cohesion in this species, but cannot confirm longer term changes.</p>
Study of an Internet-delivered Treatment Based on Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy for Social Anxiety Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05015166. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Dynamic Quantification of Social-Visual Engagement in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05806216. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: The dynamics of men's cooperation and social status in a small-scale society
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Data from: The index case is not enough: variation among individuals, groups, and social networks modify bacterial transmission dynamics
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Data from: Spatial and temporal dynamics and value of nature-based recreation, estimated via social media
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Data from: Co-prescription network reveals social dynamics of opioid doctor shopping
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Data from: Quantifying uncertainty due to fission-fusion dynamics as a component of social complexity
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Data from: Demography and social dynamics of an African elephant population 35 years after reintroduction as juveniles
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Data from: Individual variation and the source-sink group dynamics of extra-group paternity in a social mammal
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Data from: Investigating the association between social interactions and personality states dynamics
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.