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102 results for “soil conditioning”
Hydrothermal conditions determine soil potential net N mineralization rates in arid and semi-arid grasslands
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Dataset for: Phosphorus mobilization from intact soil monoliths flooded under simulated summer versus spring snowmelt with intermittent freeze-thaw conditions
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Drought legacy influences plant invasion through plant-soil feedback dependent on the origin and lifespan of conditioning species
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Data for: Local conditions matter: Minimal and variable effects of soil disturbance on microbial communities and functions in European vineyards
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Strong plastic responses in aerenchyma formation in F1 hybrids of Imperata cylindrica under different soil moisture conditions
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Predicting microbially mediated plant coexistence is sensitive to vital rate identity and soil conditioning history
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Taxonomic and functional biogeographies of soil bacterial communities across the Tibet plateau are better explained by abiotic conditions than distance and plant community composition
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Light condition experienced by parent plants influences the response of offspring to light via both parental effects and soil legacy effects
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Data from: Soil macrofauna communities vary by land use type and environmental conditions in the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem
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Data from: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze–thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions
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Impacts of wild herbivores on soil seed banks are explained by precipitation conditions in protected areas across semi-arid to arid regions
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The role of soil redox conditions in microbial phosphorus cycling in humid tropical forests
Humid tropical forests are among the most productive ecosystems globally, yet they often occur on soils with high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity, lowering P availability to biota. Short-term anoxic events are thought to release sorbed P and enhance its acquisition by soil microbes. However, the actual effects of anoxic conditions on microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forest soils are surprisingly poorly studied. We used laboratory incubations of bulk soils, NanoSIMS analysis of single microbial cells, and landscape scale measurements in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico to test the hypothesis that anoxic conditions increase microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forests. In laboratory and field experiments we found that microbial P uptake generally decreased under anoxic conditions, leading to high microbial carbon (C) to P ratios in anoxic soils. The decreased P acquisition under anoxic conditions was correlated with lower microbial C use efficiency (CUE), an index of microbial energy transfer in ecosystems. Phosphorus amendments to anoxic soils led to increased microbial P uptake and higher CUE suggesting that microbes were less able to access and utilize P under natural low redox conditions. Under oxic conditions, microbial C:P ratios and CUE did not respond to changes in substrate stoichiometry. These results challenge the existing paradigm by showing that anoxic conditions can decrease microbial P uptake and ultimately constrain microbial CUE. Our findings indicate that soil redox conditions tightly couple soil P and C cycles and advance our understanding of controls on P cycling in humid tropical forest ecosystems. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support p
Data from: Phosphorus release from unamended and gypsum-or biochar-amended soils under simulated spring snowmelt and summer flooding conditions
<p>Prolonged flooding changes the oxidation–reduction status of soils, often enhancing phosphorus (P) release to overlying floodwater. We studied P release from unamended, gypsum-amended and biochar- amended soils under simulated snowmelt flooding (previously frozen, cold flooding at +4°C) and summer flooding (unfrozen, warm flooding at +22°C), using two soils, Fyala clay (FYL-Cl) and Neuenberg sandy loam (NBG-SL) from Manitoba, Canada. Amended and unamended soils were packed into vessels and flooded under cold and warm temperatures in the laboratory. Pore water and floodwater samples were taken weekly for 6 weeks after flooding (WAF) and thereafter biweekly for 10 WAF, and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH and cation concentrations. NBG-SL showed a significantly higher DRP concentration in pore water and floodwater despite its low Olsen P content. Redox potential (Eh) decreased slowly under cold compared to warm flooding; hence redox-induced P release was substantially lower under cold flooding. Gypsum amendment significantly decreased the floodwater DRP concentrations in NBG-SL by 38% and 35% under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in FYL-Cl, which had low DRP concentrations (<1.2 mg L-1) throughout flooding period. Biochar amendment significantly increased floodwater DRP concentrations by 27 to 68% in FYL-Cl under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in NBG-SL. The results indicate substantially less P release under cold, than under warm flooding. Gypsum was effective in reducing floodwater DRP concentrations only at high DRP concentrations; thus the effectiveness was greater under warm, than under cold flooding conditions.</p>
Formation and Stability of Salty Soil Seals in Mars-like Conditions. Implications for Methane Variability on Mars.
<p>This is a raw data (Excel Tables) for Figures 4,5,7 in our manuscript: "Formation and Stability of Salty Soil Seals in Mars-like Conditions. Implications for Methane Variability on Mars".</p><p> </p>
Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions
<p>Data of the Q10 value and soil properties for the study entitled "Drought may exacerbate dryland soil inorganic carbon loss under warming climate conditions".</p>
Data on the quantitative response of microbial populations to prolonged drought and soil wetness under cold and warm spring conditions. Simulation in Phytotrone
<table> <tbody> <tr> <td>The soil microbial response to changes in temperature and weather patterns was assessed in phytotron, with central-eastern Po Valley (Bologna province) in northern Italy as a point of reference. Prolonged soil drought (20% field capacity FC), prolonged wet (above FC) and moderate drought (commonly occurring at 50% FC) were simulated at two spring temperatures, which were approximately + 2°C and -2°C colder and warmer compared to average temperatures in the central-eastern Po Valley.<span> </span><br>The response of total fungi, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota was quantified using 18S gene copy numbers and digital PCR, that of total bacteria using 16S gene copy numbers and Real Time PCR.<br>The experimental setting of each of the two cycles (cold and warm spring) consisted of a total of 30 pots for a 60-day growing period, after a pre-period of 15 days during which pots, after wheat sown, were maintained at the same temperature and soil water content (22 °C and 50% field capacity) in order to guarantee that seedlings reached the two-leaf stage.<br>The soil<span> </span>used for the in-pot trial was a loam-silty soil classified as Udifluventic Haplustepts fine silty, mixed mesifocusing collected from a ploughed soil.<span> </span>Soil samples for the quantification of microbial populations were collected at the end of the 60-day cicles on the rhizo-head of wheat plants.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Effects of soil conditioning, root and shoot litter addition interact to determine the intensity of plant-soil feedback (dataset)
<p>Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is recognized as an important mechanism shaping plant communities and determining plant abundance and coexistence. Under natural conditions, plants affect the outcome of plant-soil interactions simultaneously by conditioning the soil by living roots and by litter inputs into the soil. However, most experimental studies only focus on one of the pathways, which limits our understanding of PSF in the field. </p> <p>Here, we simultaneously explored the effect of soil conditioning by living roots and of root and shoot litter addition on the performance of seven <em>Impatiens</em> species grown in a two-phase garden experiment. </p> <p>Soil conditioning negatively affected plant performance and the effect was at least partly explained by nutrient depletion. Root litter addition affected plant performance negatively and the results suggest that biotic effects such as pathogen transmission via the root litter played a role. The effects of root litter addition were more pronounced in control soil which, contrary to the conditioned soil, supposedly did not accumulate pathogens during the conditioning phase. Shoot litter addition increased soil nutrient levels, but had no impact on plant performance. However, presence of shoot litter aggravated the negative effects of root litter, probably due to increased amounts of nutrients available for soil biota and thus their faster growth and intensified effect on the plants. </p> <p><span></span></p> <p>Overall, our study suggests that root and shoot litter have contrasting roles in plant-soil interactions and understanding their separate and interactive effects together with effects of soil conditioning is crucial for assessing the complexity of PSF.</p>
Soil biota is decisive for overyielding in intercropping under low phosphorus conditions
<p><span>Cereal/legume intercropping typically increase crop yield, however, the mechanisms </span><span>through which soil microbes </span><span>mediate overyielding in intercropping under different nutrient availability remain elusive.</span></p> <p><span>Here we examined the effect of soil biota and phosphate (P) availability on intercropping advantages in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) /faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em>) systems using a pot experiment consisting of soil sterilization treatment and different P supply levels. A complementary experiment on the contribution of different microbial groups was also included using the removal method.</span></p> <p><span>Intercropping advantage was observed only in the presence of microbes and was mainly associated with increase of wheat biomass. </span><span>Overyielding</span><span> effect was stronger under low-P than high-P conditions, and </span><span>was negatively correlated with P availability and the effect of soil biota in the monoculture</span><span>. The effect was likely related to</span><span> </span><span>the enlarged active P pools and modified microbial communities associated with the alteration of rhizosphere traits (</span><span>protons and carboxylates</span><span>) by the neighboring faba bean. Similarly, simplification of soil microbes significantly increased the growth and P uptake of wheat plants while faba bean growth was less affected.</span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> </span><span>Our research provides compelling evidence that soil microbiome is important in driving intercropping overyielding by regulating interspecific interactions under nutrient limited conditions. These findings have important implications for crop species choice in designing and managing intercropping systems where crop functional traits, soil microbiome and nutrient management should be integrated in pursuit of sustainable agriculture</span><span>.</span></p>
Morphological canalization, integration, and plasticity in response to population density in Abutilon theophrasti : Influences of soil conditions and growth stages
<p>Phenotypic integration and developmental canalization have been hypothesized to constrain the degree of phenotypic plasticity, but little evidence exists, probably due to the lack in studies on the relationships among the three processes, especially for plants under different environments. We conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i> to three densities, under infertile and fertile soil conditions, and analyzing correlations among canalization, integration, and plasticity in a variety of measured morphological traits after 50 and 70 d, to investigate the relationships among the three variables in response to density and how these responses vary with soil conditions and growth stages. Results showed trait canalization decreased, phenotypic integration and the degree of plasticity (absolute plasticity) in traits increased with density. Phenotypic integration often positively correlated with absolute plasticity; whereas correlations between trait canalization and plasticity were insignificant in most cases, with a few positive ones between canalization and absolute plasticity at low and medium densities. As plants grew, these correlations intensified in infertile soil and attenuated in fertile soil. Our findings suggested the complexity of the relationship between canalization and plasticity: decreased canalization is more likely to facilitate active plastic responses under more favorable conditions; whereas increased level of integration should mainly be an outcome of plastic responses. Soil conditions and growth stage may affect responses of these correlations to density via modifying plant size, competition strength and plastic responses in traits. We also predicted that decreased canalization can be advantageous or disadvantageous, and the lack of response to stress may demonstrate a stronger ability of adaptation than passive response, thus should be adaptive plasticity as active response.</p>
Diversity-conditioned soil strengthens plant diversity-productivity relationship
<p><span>How biodiversity affects terrestrial productivity is important to the maintenance of ecosystem services under global change. </span><span>Although the crucial role of plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) in determining diversity-productivity relationship has been increasingly recognized in recent years, its legacy effects on subsequent diversity-productivity relationship are still unclear.</span> </p> <p><span>We conducted a classic PSF experiment to assess how plant diversity-conditioned soils influenced subsequent plant diversity-productivity relationships, where three plant diversity levels (1, 4, and 8 species) were planted in soils conditioned at three diversity levels (conditioned by 1, 4, and 8 species for 3 years). In addition, to test the role of soil microbial diversity in mediating the effects of soil conditioning diversity</span><span>,</span><span> the three plant diversity levels were planted with</span><span> low, moderate, and high soil biodiversity created by a soil inoculum dilution.</span></p> <p><span>The results showed that plant productivities were promoted by mixed-conditioned soils (4 and 8 species) compared to mono-conditioned soils (1 species). Productivity was </span><span>positively related to </span><span>planted diversity</span><span> in mixed-conditioned soils, while</span><span> showing no relation to planted diversity in </span><span>mono-conditioned soils. Productivity was promoted by soil </span><span>biodiversity </span><span>when 4 and 8 species were mixed planted, while it did not change when 1 species was planted. </span></p> <p><span><em><strong>Synthesis and applications</strong></em>. </span><span>Our results highlight that</span> <span>PSF is crucial to strengthening the positive effects of biodiversity on productivity, implying that </span><span>diversifying cropping systems</span><span> should be encouraged in agroecosystem management to </span><span>benefit from</span><span> positive PSF effects.</span><span> The importance of soil legacy for optimizing plant productivity is particularly important for conditioning soils</span> <span>with an intermediate number of plant species</span><span>.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.