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134 results for “soil fertility”
Climate mitigation potential and soil microbial response of cyanobacteria-fertilized bioenergy crops in a cool semi-arid cropland
<p>Bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS) systems can serve as decarbonization pathways for climate mitigation. Perennial grasses are a promising second-generation lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock, but optimizing their sustainability, productivity, and climate mitigation potential requires an evaluation of how nitrogen (N) fertilizer strategies interact with greenhouse gas (GHG) and soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Further, crop and fertilizer choice can affect the soil microbiome which is critical to soil organic matter turnover, nutrient cycling, and sustaining crop productivity but these feedbacks are poorly understood due to the paucity of data from agroecosystems. Here, we examine the climate mitigation potential and soil microbiome response to establishing two functionally different perennial grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum, C4), and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum, C3), in a cool semi-arid agroecosystem under two fertilizer applications, a novel cyanobacterial biofertilizer (CBF) and urea. Finally, we examine shifts in soil microbial composition resulting from crop establishment and fertilizer regime. We find that in contrast to the C4 crop, the C3 crop achieved 98% greater productivity and had a higher N use efficiency when fertilized and the CBF produced the same biomass enhancement as urea. Non-CO2 greenhouse gas fluxes across all treatments were low and we observed a three-year net loss of SOC under the C4 crop and a net increase under the C3 crop at a 0-30 cm soil depth regardless of fertilization. Further, we detected crop-specific changes in the soil microbiome, including an increased relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under the C3, and potentially pathogenic fungi in the C4 grass. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of CBF-fertilized C3 crops as a second-generation bioenergy feedstock in semiarid regions as a part of a climate mitigation strategy.</p>
Soil C saturation in tropical agricultural systems: soil fertility, climate, texture and N controls on SOM fractions
<p><span>Nature-based solutions for C sequestration in tropical croplands are paramount strategies in a changing climate. Soybean-maize-forage intercropped systems associated with soil acidity alleviation and nitrogen (N) fertilization effectively accumulate carbon (C) in weathered soils. However, the soil saturation status and the controls of C stabilization up to 40 cm soil depth into particulate (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) fractions are poorly understood in tropical croplands. This study tested the hypothesis of C saturation in the MAOM fraction by comparing field and published data focused on Brazilian tropical soils. We assessed the N fertilization effect on C stabilization in POM and MAOM pools, and climate, soil texture, and chemical attributes controls on POM and MAOM formation in tropical croplands using a machine-learning Random Forest (RF) modeling approach. Our findings do not support C saturation in the MAOM regardless of contrasting soil contents of silt plus clay and depths. C in the MAOM and POM fractions were not affected by N fertilizer. However, legume inclusion in the system resulted in higher total soil C and lower soil C:N ratio compared with N fertilization, which indicates that C dynamics differ whether synthetic or organic-N forms are applied to tropical croplands. Our RF model showed robust predictive performance for the MAOM but poorer for the POM fraction. Total organic carbon (TOC), total N, silt plus clay, phosphorus (P) and soil depth, zinc (Zn), cation exchange capacity, and TOC covariates were the most important variables for predicting MAOM and POM fractions, respectively. Our findings show, besides the well-known effect of calcium, that other nutrients such as P, Zn, manganese and copper play a key role in either MAOM or POM formation. Our work provides key insights on C saturation status in tropical croplands and land-management C sequestering potential, and N, climate, soil chemical attributes and texture controls on C distribution into MAOM and POM fractions up to 40 cm soil depth in tropical conservation agricultural systems. We advocate for upscaling C saturation concept nationally and further research investigating the role of climate and micronutrients contribution on MAOM and POM formation in broad scenarios and N fertilizer responsiveness for C stabilization in tropical croplands.</span></p>
Soil properties and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions in terms of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type
<p>This data set contains a data-mining performed to assess the impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions by a further meta-analysis of the data. </p> <p>These data correspond to the open-access article "The impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions: A meta-analysis of field studies" published in Agricultural Systems. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736</a>), funded by he European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. Raúl Zornoza acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the “Ramón y Cajal” Program [RYC-2015-18758].. </p> <p> </p>
Agroecosystem diversification with legumes or non-legumes improves differently soil fertility according to soil type
<p>Plant diversification through crop rotation or agroforestry is a promising way to improve sustainability of agroecosystems. Nonetheless, criteria to select the most suitable plant communities for agroecosystems diversification facing contrasting environmental constraints need to be refined. Here, we compared the impacts of 24 different plant communities on soil fertility across six tropical agroecosystems: either on highly weathered Ferralsols, with strong P limitation, or on partially weathered soils derived from volcanic material, with major N limitation. In each agroecosystem, we tested several plant communities for diversification, as compared to a matching low diversity management for their cropping system. Plant residue restitution, N, P and lignin contents were measured for each plant community. In parallel, the soil under each community was analyzed for organic C and N, inorganic N, Olsen P, soil pH and nematode community composition. Soil potential fertility was assessed with plant bioassays under greenhouse controlled climatic conditions.<br> Overall, plant diversification had a positive effect on soil fertility across all sites, with contrasting effects depending on soil type and legumes presence in the community. Communities with legumes improved soil fertility indicators of volcanic soils, which was demonstrated through significantly higher plant biomass production in the bioassays (+18%) and soil inorganic N (+26%) compared to the low diversity management. Contrastingly, communities without legumes were the most beneficial in Ferralsols, with increases in plant biomass production in the bioassays (+39%), soil Olsen P (+46%), soil C (+26%), and pH (+5%). Piecewise structural equation models with Shipley's test revealed that plant diversification impacts on volcanic soil fertility were related to soil N availability, driven by litter N. Meanwhile, Ferralsols fertility was related to soil P availability, driven by litter P. These findings underline the importance of multifactorial and multi-sites experiments to inform trait-based frameworks used in designing optimal plant diversification in agroecological systems.</p>
A "Dirty" Footprint: Soil macrofauna biodiversity and fertility in Amazonian Dark Earths and adjacent soils
<p>Amazonian rainforests once thought to hold an innate pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been densely inhabited by populations showing a diverse and complex cultural background prior to European arrival. To what extent these societies impacted their landscape is unclear. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre-Columbian societies as a result of more sedentary habits. Much is known of the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology has been neglected. Hence, we characterised soil macroinvertebrate communities and activity in these soils at nine archaeological sites and adjacent reference soils in three Amazonian regions, totaling eighteen sampling sites. Furthermore, we characterized various soil chemical and physical properties associated with soil fertility.</p> <p>The current dataset contains data on soil macroinvertebrate biodiversity (26 taxa), with a special focus on termites, earthworms and ants. It also contains data on soil macromorphology, bulk density and porosity, soil carbon, nitrogen, macro and micronutrients, magnetic susceptibility and apparent electrical conductivity. The results show similar overall macrofauna morphospecies richness in ADE and adjacent soils, but distinct communities in each soil type. They also show higher soil fauna activity in ADEs when compared to adjacent reference soils, associated with greater earthworm populations. Finally, they also confirm the well-known high soil fertility in ADEs compared with adjacent soils. Land use was an important determinant of both macrofauna biodiversity and soil fertility. These findings support the idea that humans have built and sustained a contrasting high fertility ecosystem that persisted until our days, altering biodiversity distribution patterns in Amazonia.</p>
Functional traits of soil nematodes define their response to nitrogen fertilization
<p>1. Nitrogen (N) fertilization and warming are two crucial global change factors affecting the soil nematode communities. The effects of N fertilization and warming, however, on nematode communities in soils are inconsistent across ecosystems and maybe be even opposite.</p> <p>2. One key reason is that the commonly used taxonomic diversity is less sensitive to environmental changes than the seldom-used trait-based indicators. To verify this, we performed an eight-year field experiment with four N fertilization levels with and without soil warming and collected an extensive dataset consisting of (i) six traits related to the nematode performance, i.e., body size, maximum body length, maximum body width, stylet length, esophagus length, and intestinal length; (ii) the taxonomic alpha (richness and abundance) and beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities) of the whole nematode community and each nematode functional group, (iii) soil food web resources (the total taxonomic richness and abundance of plant, bacterial and fungal communities), and (iv) soil properties (pH, total, ammonium and nitrate N, microbial N and C, total and available P and soil water content).</p> <p>3. We found that N fertilization altered plant diversity and soil nitrate levels, which in turn decreased taxonomic alpha diversity of two nematode functional groups (phytophagous nematodes and predators), but taxonomic diversity for the whole nematode community remained stable. The decreased taxonomic alpha diversity of phytophagous nematodes resulted in increased maximum body width, but decreased stylet length and esophageal length. Mild warming (~ 0.7 °C) had no effects on soil properties and soil food web resources, and the taxonomic diversity or nematode traits remained unchanged.</p> <p>4. Our results reveal that nematode functional traits show strong responses to N fertilization as individual nematode groups adapted quickly to changed soil properties and food web resources. Taxonomic diversity indices, however, were more stable under these changes showing that the functional composition of nematode communities may respond in the short-term despite little effects on species diversity. Thus, the trait-based indicators not only reveal how nematodes respond to N fertilization, but also how nematodes mediate the effects of N fertilization on ecosystem functioning (i.e., soil nutrient cycling).</p>
Aridity and soil fertility, not species richness, interact to affect temporal stability along a large natural gradient in Northern China
<p><span>There is mounting evidence from experimental studies that drought and nutrient enrichment can interact to impact the biodiversity and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Whether such interactive effect influence plant diversity and the temporal stability of community productivity of natural ecosystems is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we combined a field survey of plant diversity and soil conditions with remote sensing temporal estimates of primary productivity in grasslands along a natural gradient in northern China. We found that aridity and soil ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) interacted to influence temporal stability of NDVI. That is, the relationship between ammonium and temporal stability of NDVI shifted from positive to negative due to increased </span><span>standard deviation</span> <span>of NDVI with increasing aridity. Species richness was not related to temporal stability because it influenced the mean and </span><span>standard deviation</span> <span>of NDVI proportionally. As a result, soil fertility outweighed the contribution of species richness to temporal stability. Our study demonstrates the synergistic effect of aridity and soil fertility, but not species richness, on temporal stability along a large natural gradient. Predicting how environmental drivers affect diversity and the stable provisioning of ecosystem services in real-world ecosystems therefore requires a better understanding of the complex interactions among environmental drivers.</span></p>
BSFFP, BSFFA, CPC, Control Treatment/No Fertilizer - Fertilizers, Post-harvest Soils, Amaranthus dubius Post-harvest Nutritional Values, Potting Soil Medium Chemical Analyses Raw Data
<p>BSFFP (Plant-based wastes Feeding Substrate BSFF frass), BSFFA (Animal-based wastes Feeding Substrate BSFF frass), CPC (Commercial Plant-based Compost Fertilizer), Control Treatment/No Fertilizer <em>Amaranthus dubius </em>Nutritional Values, Potting Soil Medium Chemical Analyses Raw Data - Nitrification and Nitrate Uptake Properties. - Agronomy MDPI 2023. </p>
Plant invasion and fertilizer addition alter soil biota and their functions: A global meta-analysis
<p>Datasets used for meta-analysis on plant invasion and fertilizer addition effects on soil biota and their functions.</p>
Data from: Community composition and physiological plasticity control microbial carbon storage across natural and experimental soil fertility gradients
<p>Data associated with 'Community composition and physiological plasticity control microbial carbon storage across natural and experimental soil fertility gradients' by Butler, Manzoni, and Warren, published in The ISME Journal (accepted 28/9/2023).</p>
Fertilization can accelerate the pace of soil microbial community response to rest-grazing duration in the Three-river Source Region of China
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Agroecosystem diversification with legumes or non-legumes improves differently soil fertility according to soil type
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A “Dirty” Footprint: Soil macrofauna biodiversity and fertility in Amazonian Dark Earths and adjacent soils
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Data from: Soil biotic quality lacks spatial structure and is positively associated with fertility in a northern grassland
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Climate mitigation potential and soil microbial response of cyanobacteria-fertilized bioenergy crops in a cool semi-arid cropland
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Nurse plant shading is more important than soil fertility for dryland plant recruitment and diversity
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Cocoa agroforest multifunctionality and soil fertility explained by shade tree litter traits
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An isotope study on Nitrogen and Phosphorus use efficiency and movement in soil in a mimicked vermicompost-based organo-mineral fertilizer
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Aridity and soil fertility, not species richness, interact to affect temporal stability along a large natural gradient in Northern China
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Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer promote rice yield by altering soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure
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