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159 results for “soil organic matter”
Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils
<p>Raw Data for publication Sorption of Colored vs Noncolored Organic Matter by Tidal Marsh Soils<span> </span></p> <p><span> </span>Patrick J. Neale, J. Patrick Megonigal, Maria Tzortziou, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Christina R. Pondell, and Hannah Morrissette, Biogeosciences (in press)<span> </span></p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2329<span> </span></p> <p>Correspondence:<span> </span>Patrick Neale (nealep@si.edu)<span> </span></p>
A stocktaking of European mid- and long-term experiments dealing with the application of external organic matter (EJP SOIL - EOM4SOIL - D 3.1.1)
<p>Extending and optimizing recycling of organic wastes in agriculture is a key element in shifting conventional agriculture towards systems adapted to both energy depletion and climate change. Long-term field experiments (LTEs) play a crucial role in assessing and modelling the effects of repeated exogenous organic matter (EOM) application to soil, which allows to formulate locally adapted recommendations of use. <br>Nevertheless, a specific database focussing on LTEs dealing with organic fertilization in Europe were missing. To close this gap, we listed LTEs dealing with repeated application of EOM from existing online databases, and collected and harmonized all available metadata. The aim of this work was threefold: (1) to facilitate connections between comparable LTEs to foster data harmonization and compilation, (2) to map the diversity of pedoclimatic contexts and experimental designs in the LTE list and, (3) to highlight current knowledge gaps and research needs. <br>Data were collected from five online databases, allowing us to describe 201 LTEs. Key characteristics such as trial name, responsible institution, location, pedoclimatic context, duration, crop type and availability of online resources are well-described in contrast to LTE goal and owner contact, experimental design, soil type, studied EOM and monitored parameters (EOM characteristics, soil and crop properties), which are more difficult to gather and harmonize. The analysis of LTE metadata highlighted first that substantial harmonization efforts are required, particularly regarding the reporting of soil, crop and EOM properties over time. Second, the survey outlines that some European regions are poorly represented in the database, which may result either from an absence of LTE or from a lack of reporting. To close this gap, we call LTE managers to complete the current database with any missing relevant LTE or additional metadata, using the editable online repository attached to this document. In the future, improvement of predictive models could contribute to provide recommendations of EOM use to uncovered situations, whether in terms of soil, climate or type of EOM. Third, long-term effects on soil properties such as changes in soil biology composition or accumulation of organic contaminants (PFAS, microplastics, antibiotics, ...) appear to be poorly documented. LTEs have a key role to play in answering these emerging questions, having the potential to provide the rationale to fix acceptable thresholds in soils and EOMs for emerging pollutants and accordingly provide the best possible guidelines for the use of EOM in agriculture. </p> <p>See related report at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14161379" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14161379</a>.</p>
Raw data for the submitted manuscript: The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Content on the Toxicity of Pesticides to the Springtail Folsomia candida
<p>Raw data obtained from toxicity tests with the springtail Folsomia candida exposed for 28 days to chlorpyrifos, lindane, cyproconazole, carbendazim and imidacloprid in artificial soils containing 10%, 5%, 2.5% sphagnum peat, and LUFA 2.2 soil. Tests were performed following OECD guideline 232. The file includes data on springtail survival and reproduction.</p>
Raw data for the manuscript: The influence of soil organic matter content and substance lipophilicity on the toxicity of pesticides to the earthworm Eisenia andrei
<p>Raw data obtained from toxicity tests with the earthworm <em>Eisenia andrei</em> exposed for 56 days to chlorpyrifos, lindane, cyproconazole, carbendazim and imidacloprid in artificial soils containing 10%, 5%, 2.5% sphagnum peat, and LUFA 2.2 soil. Tests were performed following OECD guideline 222. The file includes data on earthworm starting and ending weights, survival, and reproduction.</p>
Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability
<p>Interactions between soil nitrogen (N) availability, fungal community composition, and soil organic matter (SOM) regulate soil carbon (C) dynamics in many forest ecosystems, but context dependency in these relationships has precluded general predictive theory. We found that ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi with peroxidases decreased with increasing inorganic N availability across a natural inorganic N gradient in northern temperate forests, whereas ligninolytic fungal saprotrophs exhibited no response. Lignin-derived SOM and soil C were negatively correlated with ECM fungi with peroxidases and were positively correlated with inorganic N availability, suggesting decay of lignin-derived SOM by these ECM fungi reduced soil C storage. The correlations we observed link SOM decay in temperate forests to tradeoffs in tree N nutrition and ECM composition, and we propose SOM varies along a single continuum across temperate and boreal ecosystems depending upon how tree allocation to functionally distinct ECM taxa and environmental stress covary with soil N availability.</p>
Positive associations of soil organic matter and crop yields across a regional network of working farms
<p>The amount of soil organic matter (SOM) is considered a key indicator of soil properties associated with higher fertility. Despite the ubiquity of assumptions surrounding SOM's contributions to soil functioning, we lack quantitative relationships between SOM and yield outcomes on working farms. We quantified the relationship between SOM and yields of corn (<i>Zea mays </i>L.) and silage for a dataset of 170 fields arrayed across 49 farms in a network of growers based in Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA. As SOM concentrations increase, so do yields, though gains start to level off around 4% SOM. When examining the relationship between yield and soil health indicators representative of biologically active carbon pools, we found that mineralizable carbon (min-C) has a stronger relationship with yield than permanganate oxidizable C (POXC). Mineral fertilizer, manure, and SOM had relationships of similar magnitude with yield, highlighting that SOM in combination with exogenous inputs likely plays an important role in driving agricultural productivity in this region. An SOM by crop rotation interaction indicated that the impact of SOM on crop yields varied depending on rotation (continuous corn versus corn in rotation). That is, continuous corn had lower yields than corn in rotation despite higher SOM concentrations. Our findings provide insight into the relationship between indicators of soil health, farm management, and crop yields for a set of working farms and lend support to the goals of soil health initiatives that rest on building SOM in agricultural soils to improve agricultural outcomes.</p>
Contents of soil organic matter fractions as affected by warming and rain exclusion at a semiarid Mediterranean site
<p>Data and metadata of total, free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated organic C and N contents of soils from a dryland ecosystem warming experiment established in Aranjuez, Central Spain.</p>
Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation
<p>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in biogeochemical processes and in determining the responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to global change. Although the quantity of soil DOM has been inventoried across diverse spatio-temporal scales, the underlying mechanisms accounting for variability in DOM dynamics remain unclear, especially in upland ecosystems. Here, a gradient of SOM storage across twelve croplands in northeast China was used to understand links between DOM dynamics, microbial metabolism, and abiotic conditions. We assessed the composition, biodegradability and key biodegradable components of DOM. In addition, SOM and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) composition, soil enzyme activities, oxygen availability, soil texture, iron (Fe), Fe-bound organic matter and nutrient concentrations were quantified to clarify the drivers of DOM quality (composition and biodegradability). The proportion of biodegradable DOM increased exponentially with decreasing initial DOM concentration due to larger fractions of depolymerized DOM that was rich in small-molecular phenols and proteinaceous components. Unexpectedly, the composition of DOM was decoupled from that of SOM or MAOM, but significantly related to enzymatic properties. These results indicate that microbial metabolism exhibited a dominant role in DOM generation. As DOM concentration declined, increased soil oxygen availability regulated DOM composition and enhanced its biodegradability mainly through mediating microbial metabolism and Fe oxidation. The oxygen-induced oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) removed complex DOM compounds with large molecular weight. Moreover, increased oxygen availability stimulated oxidase-catalyzed depolymerization of aromatic substances, and promoted production of protein-like DOM components due to lower enzymatic C/N acquisition ratio. As global changes in temperature and moisture will have large impacts on soil oxygen availability, the role of oxygen in regulating DOM dynamics highlights the importance of integrating soil oxygen supply with microbial metabolism and Fe redox status to improve model predictions of soil carbon under climate change.</p>
Quality of free soil organic matter fraction as affected by warming and rain exclusion at a semiarid Mediterranean site
<p>Data and metadata of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of free organic matter fraction of soils from a dryland ecosystem warming experiment established in Aranjuez, Central Spain.</p>
Contents of soil organic matter fractions as affected by warming and rain exclusion at a semiarid Mediterranean site
<p>Data and metadata of total, free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated organic C and N contents of soils from a dryland ecosystem warming experiment established in Aranjuez, Central Spain.</p>
Rare soil microbial taxa regulate the negative effects of land degradation drivers on soil organic matter decomposition
<p>1. Land degradation drivers, including loss in vegetation and eutrophication, are expected to impact soil biodiversity and functions in drylands world-wide. Soils contain both common and rare microbial taxa that drive multiple soil functions. Yet, little is known about how these microbial taxa influence the impacts of land degradation drivers on ecosystem functions. Obtaining this information is essential to determine whether rare taxa need to be protected, or if protecting only common taxa would be enough to sustain and protect ecosystem functions and services.</p> <p>2. Here, we conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of N-enrichment and vegetation loss (plant removal), which are two major land degradation drivers in semi-arid grasslands, on the diversities of common and rare soil bacterial and fungal taxa and soil function [soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition] in a long-term experiment.</p> <p>3. Six years after N-enrichment and vegetation loss, we found that N-enrichment decreased the alpha diversities of common and rare soil bacteria and rare soil fungi, while vegetation loss only decreased the alpha diversity of rare soil fungi. Both N-enrichment and vegetation loss altered the community composition of common and rare bacteria and fungi, except for the lack of response of common soil fungi to the vegetation loss. Moreover, both structural equation modelling and variation partitioning analyses show that land degradation drivers reduce SOM decomposition, and these were also indirectly associated with changes in the diversity of rare microbial taxa, especially that of bacteria.</p> <p>4.<em> Synthesis and applications</em>. Collectively, this work shows that land degradation can have negative impacts on soil biodiversity and functions, and the rare microbial taxa indirectly regulate the impacts of land degradation on ecosystem functioning. These results indicate that the rare microbial taxa can be used as one of the ecological indicators for identifying land degradation in the semi-arid grasslands. These findings are essential to understand the future impacts of desertification and land degradation on rare microbial taxa–function relationships in global drylands.</p>
The influence of inherent soil factors and agricultural management on soil organic matter
<p>The accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) is vital to the agronomic and environmental functioning of agroecosystems, yet the relative influence of inherent soil properties and agricultural management practices on SOM dynamics are not often addressed in individual studies. Using a network of 218 operating farm fields across Wisconsin and southern Minnesota, USA, this research employs single variable analysis (ANOVA and regression) and regression tree analysis to assess the effects of soil properties (texture, drainage class, pH) and management variables related to crop rotation, tillage, cover cropping, and manure application on SOM, as well as total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the upper 15 cm. Single variable analysis revealed that greater SOM, TOC, and TN were associated with poorly drained soil, tile-drained fields, high-clay content soil, and high biomass crop rotations. Soil organic matter (SOM) and TOC were strongly related (R<sup>2</sup>=0.71), but different regression trees were produced; SOM was most influenced by clay content, while TOC was most influenced by drainage class. Future assessment for the building of SOM or TOC should be conducted with drainage and texture class categories and on a regional basis, given that these factors influence the practices that occur within landscapes. A rapid building of data sets through unstructured sampling, including an abundance of meta-data, should be a research priority in agricultural science to identify practices to build SOM on a regional basis.</p>
Soil microbial community, dissolved organic matter and nutrient cycling interactions change along an elevation gradient in subtropical China
<p>This table contains data on soil dissolved organic matter at different elevations in Wuyi Mountain, China, which is attached to the manuscript submitted to Journal of Environmental Management (Manuscript ID:JEMA-D-23-01912). </p>
Rare soil microbial taxa regulate the negative effects of land degradation drivers on soil organic matter decomposition
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The influence of inherent soil factors and agricultural management on soil organic matter
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Oxygen availability regulates the quality of soil dissolved organic matter by mediating microbial metabolism and iron oxidation
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Positive associations of soil organic matter and crop yields across a regional network of working farms
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Mixedwood conifer trial to compare ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular fungal effects on soil organic matter decay
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Decay by ectomycorrhizal fungi couples soil organic matter to nitrogen availability
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Kellogg Biological Station site, station Treatment 8, never plowed, 200 meters (m) south of the others, that serves as an historical control for soil organic matter studies, study of aboveground net primary productivity of Achillea millefolium in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) contains aboveground net primary productivity of Achillea millefolium measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
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